| | - Villa Obregon
- delegacion (legation), north-central Distrito Federal (Federal District), central Mexico, in the Valley of Mexico. Formerly known as San Angel and San Jacinto Tenanitla, the original settlement dates from the colonial era. The cool climate and attractive landscape attracted wealthy families from Mexico City, whose large estates still ...
- Villa Savoye
- (from the article "International Style") ...in the freer treatment of reinforced concrete but added the concept of modular proportion in order to maintain a human scale in his work. Among his well-known works in the International Style is the Villa Savoye (Poissy, France; 1929-31).modern architectureWestern ...
- Villa, Pancho
- Filipino professional boxer, world flyweight (112 pounds) champion. [2 Related Articles]
- Villa, Pancho
- Mexican revolutionary and guerrilla leader, who fought against the regimes of both Porfirio Diaz and Victoriano Huerta and after 1914 engaged in civil war and banditry. [10 Related Articles]
- Villa-Lobos, Heitor
- Brazilian composer and one of the foremost Latin American composers of the 20th century, whose music combines indigenous melodic and rhythmic elements with Western classical music. [3 Related Articles]
- villac umu
- (from the article "pre-Columbian civilizations") ...title was umu, but in usage his title was geared to his functions as diviner of lungs, sorcerer, confessor, and curer. The title of the chief priest in Cuzco, who was of noble lineage, was villac umu. He held his post for life, was married, and competed in authority with ...
- Villach
- city, southern Austria, on the Drava (Drau) River at the eastern foot of the Villacher Alps, west of Klagenfurt. It originated as the Roman town of Bilachinium and formed part of the bishopric of Bamberg from 1007 to 1759. An important trade centre in the Middle Ages, it declined after ...
- Villafranca, Conference of
- meeting between French emperor Napoleon III and Emperor Francis Joseph I of Austria that resulted in a preliminary peace (July 11, 1859) ending the Franco-Piedmontese war against Austria (1859); it marked the beginning of Italy's unification under Piedmontese leadership. Napoleon made peace without consulting the Piedmontese because he had lost ... [2 Related Articles]
- Villafranchian Stage
- (from the article "Africa") The oldest levels at which hominid remains have been found are known as the Villafranchian-Kaguerian Series and are recognized in Africa in Ethiopia and Kenya. These levels date to approximately three to four million years ago and contain fossils of the genus Australopithecus. The Kaguerian-Kamasian Interpluvial levels, which date to ...
- village
- (from the article "political system") The village has traditionally been contrasted with the city: the village is the home of rural occupations and tied to the cycles of agricultural life, while the inhabitants of the city practice many trades, and its economy is founded on commerce and industry; the village is an intimate association of ...
- Village Creek, Battle of
- (from the article "Arlington") ...victims of westward expansion. An early white settlement (1840), on an Indian council site, was called Bird's Fort. Continuing disputes between Indians and would-be settlers ultimately led to the Battle of Village Creek (1841), in which more than 200 Indian lodges were burned and the Caddo routed. The Republic of ...
- village group
- (from the article "Igbo") Before the advent of colonial administration, the largest political unit was the village group, a federation of villages averaging about 5,000 persons. Members of the group shared a common market and meeting place, a tutelary deity, and ancestral cults that supported a tradition of descent from a common ancestor or ...
- Village Museum
- (from the article "Bucharest") ...the History of the City of Bucharest and the Art Museum of Romania, the latter maintaining large collections of national, European, and East Asian art. A highly original ethnographic collection, the Village Museum (1936), is made up of peasant houses brought from various parts of the country.
- village prose
- (from the article "Russian literature") A movement called "village prose" cultivated nostalgic descriptions of rural life. Particularly noteworthy is Valentin Rasputin's elegiac novel Proshchaniye s Matyoroy (1976; Farewell to Matyora) about a village faced with destruction to make room for a hydroelectric plant. The novel's regret for the past and suspicion of ...
- Village Regulation
- (from the article "Graaff, Simon de") ...of the Indies. After de Graaff became colonial minister, he revived an old plan of his to create provinces and restructure the administrative hierarchy. De Graaff also enacted the paternalistic Village Regulation, which made the village the instrument of Indonesian welfare, providing schools, banks, advice, and other services. It served ...
- village weaver
- (from the article "weaver") ...with a bottom entrance, which may be a sort of tube. He attracts females by hanging upside down from the nest while calling and fluttering his wings. A familiar ploceine species in Africa is the village weaver (P., formerly Textor, cucullatus). The baya weaver (P. philippinus) is abundant from Pakistan ...
- Village, The
- city, Oklahoma county, central Oklahoma, U.S. The Village was founded by local store owners in 1949 to prevent the then-rural area from being annexed by Oklahoma City. It comprises only 2.5 square miles (6.5 square km) of land. Inc. town, 1950; city, 1959. Pop. (1970) 13,695; (1990) 10,353; (2000) 10,157.
- villagization
- (from the article "eastern Africa") ...people for military service, forced labour on state farms, or resettlement elsewhere. To break down the isolation of the peasants and bring them under the control of the central government, a villagization scheme was introduced in 1985. By the end of 1987, eight million people had been regrouped into separate ...
- Villahermosa
- city, capital of Tabasco estado (state), southeastern Mexico. Located some 30 miles (50 km) south of the Gulf of Mexico, the city sprawls across the gulf lowlands at about 33 feet (10 metres) above sea level, on the banks of the Grijalva River. It has a hot ... [1 Related Articles]
- Villalar, Battle of
- (from the article "Spain") ...movement and beginning to spread it to the nobles' estates did the nobles combine to raise an army and defeat the comunero forces at Villalar (April 23, 1521).
- Villamizar, Alberto
- Colombian politician and diplomat crusaded alongside the Liberal Party presidential candidate Luis Carlos Galan to limit the power, political influence, and wealth of the Medellin cocaine cartel headed by Pablo Escobar. Villamizar was instrumental in the passage of the National Narcotics Statute of 1985, the first general legislation against drug ...
- villancico
- genre of Spanish song, most prevalent in the Renaissance but found also in earlier and later periods. It is a poetic and musical form and was sung with or without accompanying instruments. Originally a folk song, frequently with a devotional song or love poem as text, it developed into an ... [1 Related Articles]
- Villandry
- village in Indre-et-Loire departement, Centre region, France. It is situated along the Cher River southwest of Tours and is the site of a chateau built in 1532 by Jean Le Breton, the secretary of state for Francois I. The chateau is most noted for its terraced gardens, which were restored ... [1 Related Articles]
- villanella
- 16th-century Italian rustic part-song, usually for three unaccompanied voices, having no set form other than the presence of a refrain. The villanella was most often written in chordal style with clear, simple rhythm. Traditional rules of composition were sometimes broken; for instance, the normally forbidden movement of voices in parallel ...
- villanelle
- rustic song in Italy, where the term originated (Italian villanella from villano: "peasant"); the term was used in France to designate a short poem of popular character favoured by poets in the late 16th century. Du Bellay's "Vanneur de Ble" and Philippe Desportes' "Rozette" are examples of this early type, ... [1 Related Articles]
- Villani, Filippo
- (from the article "art criticism") ...and deliberate evaluation of artists began. Giovanni, Matteo, and Filippo Villani's Cronica (1308-64; "Chronicles") was the first important evaluation of this kind. In Filippo Villani's portion (1364) of the family's ongoing work, he celebrates his native city, Florence, as the climax of civilization. Villani discusses the lives of famous men, ...
- Villani, Giovanni
- Italian chronicler whose European attitude to history foreshadowed Humanism. [2 Related Articles]
- Villanova University
- private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Villanova, Pennsylvania, U.S. It is affiliated with the Augustinian order of the Roman Catholic church. It offers degree programs at the associate, bachelor's, master's, doctoral, and professional levels. Degrees are granted through colleges of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Commerce and Finance, Engineering, and ...
- Villanovan culture
- Early Iron Age culture in Italy, named after the village of Villanova, near Bologna, where in 1853 the first of the characteristic cemeteries was found. The Villanovan people branched from the cremating Urnfield cultures of eastern Europe and appeared in Italy in the 10th or 9th century BC. The earliest ... [8 Related Articles]
- Villanueva, Carlos Raul
- Venezuelan architect often credited with being the father of modern architecture in his country. [2 Related Articles]
- Villanueva, Juan de
- (from the article "Western architecture") In Spain the leading Neoclassical architect was Juan de Villanueva, who studied in Rome and returned to Spain in 1705 with a style similar to that evolved by the leading contemporary French and English architects. His buildings include three villas; the Casita de Arriba (1773) and the Casita de Abajo ...
- Villar Perosa
- (from the article "submachine gun") ...II because of the need to increase the individual soldier's firepower at close quarters. The Germans developed the first such weapons, modeling them to some extent after the Italian double-barreled Villar Perosa, or VP, a 1915 innovation that fired so fast it emptied its magazine in two seconds. The Germans ...
- Villard De Honnecourt
- French architect remembered primarily for the sketchbook compiled while he travelled in search of work as a master mason. The book is made up of sketches and writings concerning architectural practices current during the 13th century. [3 Related Articles]
- Villard, Henry
- U.S. journalist and financier, who became one of the major United States railroad and electric utility promoters. [2 Related Articles]
- Villard, Oswald Garrison
- (from the article "Nation, The") In 1918 Oswald Garrison Villard became editor, and The Nation ended its affiliation with the New York Evening Post and began moving steadily toward the political left. Its circulation dwindled to a few thousand but then, when one issue was refused mailing by the ...
- Villard, Paul
- (from the article "atom") A third kind of radiation was identified by the French chemist Paul Villard in 1900. Designated as the gamma ray, it is not deflected by magnets and is much more penetrating than alpha particles. Gamma rays were later shown to be a form of electromagnetic radiation, like light or X-rays, ...
- Villaricos
- (from the article "Spain") ...and manufacturers who had their base in Tyre or Byblos and placed their representatives abroad. This accounts for the rich tombs of Phoenician pattern found at Almunecar, Trayamar, and Villaricos, equipped with metropolitan goods such as alabaster wine jars, imported Greek pottery, and delicate gold jewelry. Maritime bases from the ...
- Villaroel, Gualberto
- (from the article "Bolivia") ...was overthrown by a secret military group, Reason for the Fatherland (Razon de Patria; RADEPA). RADEPA allied itself with the MNR and tried to create a new-style government under Colonel Gualberto Villaroel (1943-46), but little was accomplished except for the MNR's political mobilization of the Indian peasants. Opposed as fascist-oriented ...
- Villarreal
- city, Castellon provincia (province), in the comunidad autonoma (autonomous community) of Valencia, eastern Spain. The city is northeast of Valencia city on the Mijares River, just southwest of Castellon de la Plana (Castello de la Plana). It was founded in 1274 by King James ...
- Villarrica
- town, southern Paraguay. Founded in 1576 on the Parana River, the settlement was moved in 1682 to its present site at the edge of the westward extension of the Brazilian Highlands, including the Ybytyruzu mountains at 820 ft (250 m) above sea level. Villarrica is a commercial, manufacturing, and religious ...
- Villars, Claude-Louis-Hector, duc de
- (duke of) French soldier, King Louis XIV's most successful commander in the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-14). [1 Related Articles]
- Villas Boas, Claudio
- Brazilian anthropologist and activist whose life was dedicated to the search for and protection of the country's indigenous people as their lands were taken over and developed; he and his brother Orlando aided in the creation of the Xingu National Park reservation in 1961 and the National Indian Foundation six ...
- Villas Boas, Orlando
- Brazilian explorer and Indian rights activist (b. Jan. 12, 1914, near Botucatu, Braz.-d. Dec. 12, 2002, Sao Paulo, Braz.), was a leading advocate of the rights of indigenous Brazilians. In the early 1940s Villas Boas, along with three of his brothers, joined a government expedition to chart areas for future ...
- Villaverde, Cirilo
- (from the article "Latin American literature") ...of this group of novels was Cecilia Valdes (1882; Cecilia Valdes; or, Angel's Hill: A Novel of Cuban Customs), by the Cuban exile Cirilo Villaverde, perhaps the best Latin American novel of the 19th century. Villaverde's only competition comes from two other novels named ...
- Villavicencio
- capital of Meta departamento, central Colombia, situated on the eastern slopes of the Andean Cordillera (mountains) Oriental. Founded in 1840, the city was named after Antonio Villavicencio, who was an early advocate of the struggle for independence from Spain. It serves as an important manufacturing and commercial centre for the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Villavicencio, Antonio
- (from the article "Villavicencio") capital of Meta departamento, central Colombia, situated on the eastern slopes of the Andean Cordillera (mountains) Oriental. Founded in 1840, the city was named after Antonio Villavicencio, who was an early advocate of the struggle for independence from Spain. It serves as an important manufacturing and commercial centre for the ...
- Villaviciosa
- port town, Asturias provincia (province) and comunidad autonoma (autonomous community), northwestern Spain, in the Costa Verde resort area. The town is a fishing port northeast of Oviedo city, where the Villaviciosa Inlet enters the Bay of Biscay. Used by the ancient Romans as a ...
- Villaviciosa, Battle of
- (from the article "Spain") ...in 1647 and 1653. Once more the Council of Finance issued a debased coinage to pay for the Portuguese campaign. But the Portuguese routed the last Spanish armies at Ameixial (1663) and at Villaviciosa on the northern coast of Spain (1665). Spain finally formally recognized Portugal's independence in 1668.
- Ville Basse
- (from the article "Carcassonne") The Ville Basse was founded in 1240 when rebellious citizens of the Cite were banished beyond the walls. It was burned by Edward the Black Prince in 1355 when he failed to take the citadel. The church of Saint-Vincent and the cathedral of Saint-Michel, both 13th century, survive. Ville Basse ...
- ville neuf
- (from the article "Low Countries, history of") The opening up of extensive areas of wood and heathland led to the foundation of new settlements (known in the French-speaking areas as villes neuves), to which colonists were attracted by offers of advantageous conditions-which were also intended to benefit the original estates. Many of these colonists were younger sons ...
- Ville, Hotel de
- (from the article "Blondel, Jacques-Francois") ...German architect Christian Weinlig, a member of the Dresden Neoclassical school. In this period Blondel designed a comprehensive plan for the decoration of the centre of Metz (1764), including the Hotel de Ville (1765).
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