| | - Venner, Thomas
- (from the article "Fifth Monarchy Men") ...The violence of their agitation led to the arrest of their leaders-Thomas Harrison, Robert Overton, Christopher Feake, John Rogers, and others. An attempt at an armed uprising, led by Thomas Venner in April 1657, was easily suppressed. Venner attempted another, equally abortive uprising in January 1661. He and a number ...
- venom
- the poisonous secretion of an animal, produced by specialized glands that are often associated with spines, teeth, stings, or other piercing devices. The venom apparatus may be primarily for killing or paralyzing prey or may be a purely defensive adaptation. Some venoms also function as digestive fluids. The venom poisoning ... [11 Related Articles]
- venom gland
- (from the article "integument") Fishes have a more or less smooth, flexible skin dotted with various kinds of glands, both unicellular and multicellular. Mucus-secreting glands are especially abundant. Poison glands, which occur in the skin of many cartilaginous fishes and some bony fishes, are frequently associated with spines on the fins, tail, and gill ...
- venomous lizard
- (from the article "lizard") ...(Dracaena), have blunt, rounded teeth in the back of the jaw designed for crushing. Some herbivorous species (such as iguanas) have leaf-shaped tooth crowns with serrated cutting edges. The venomous lizards (Heloderma) have a longitudinal groove or fold on the inner side of each mandibular tooth; these grooves conduct the ...
- venomous toadfish
- (from the article "toadfish") They are divided into three groups: true toadfishes, such as the oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau), a common resident of shallow coastal waters along eastern North America; venomous toadfishes (Thalassophryne and Daector), found in Central and South America and notable for inflicting painful wounds with the hollow, venom-injecting spines on their ...
- Venosa
- town and episcopal see, Basilicata regione, southern Italy. It is situated on the lower slope of Mount Vulcano, north of Potenza. Originally a settlement of the Lucanians (an ancient Italic tribe), it was taken by the Romans after the Samnite Wars (291 BC); from its position on the Appian Way ...
- venospasm
- (from the article "cardiovascular disease") Direct mechanical injury or an infection or other disease process in the neighbouring tissues may produce spasms in the veins (venospasms). Local venospasm is usually of relatively minor significance because of the adequacy of alternate pathways for the blood. If venospasm is widespread, however, involving an entire extremity or the ...
- venous pulmonary system
- (from the article "human cardiovascular system") From the pulmonary capillaries, in which blood takes on oxygen and gives up carbon dioxide, the oxygenated blood in veins is collected first into venules and then into progressively larger veins; it finally flows through four pulmonary veins, two from the hilum of each lung. (The hilum is the point ...
- venous sinus
- in human anatomy, any of the channels of a branching complex sinus network that lies between layers of the dura mater, the outermost covering of the brain, and functions to collect oxygen-depleted blood. Unlike veins, these sinuses possess no muscular coat. Their lining is endothelium, a layer of cells like ... [1 Related Articles]
- Venstre
- (from the article "Norway") ...introduction of the vernacular as the official language, instead of the bureaucrats' Danish-influenced tongue, became an important item of the coalition's policy. The coalition was organized as the Venstre (Left) political party in 1884.role of SverdrupSverdrup, JohanNorwegian statesman, prime minister ...
- Vent, Iles du
- eastern group of islands within the Society Islands, French Polynesia, in the central South Pacific Ocean. The group is composed of volcanic islands surrounded by coral reefs. The large islands of Tahiti and Moorea lie at the centre of the group. Maiao, covering about 3 square miles (8 square km) ...
- Ventas, Las
- (from the article "Madrid") Modern Madrid has attractions at all levels. Las Ventas-the largest bullring in Spain, with a capacity of some 25,000 people-is where novice bullfighters have to display their skills in the alternativa (the occasion on which a matador kills his first bull) in order to become established. The bullfighting season runs ...
- Ventastega curonica
- (from the article "tetrapod") ...of one group with those of another, it is unclear whether the comparison is between the same elements or ones that appear the same but arose from different ancestral structures. Nevertheless, Ventastega curonica is the first creature whose limb and skull anatomy share most of the features characteristic of early ...
- Venter, J. Craig
- American geneticist, biochemist, and businessman who pioneered new techniques in genetics and genomics research and headed the private-sector enterprise, Celera Genomics, in the Human Genome Project (HGP). [2 Related Articles]
- Ventidius, Publius
- Roman general and politician who rose from captivity to military fame, a change of fortune frequently cited by ancient authors. [1 Related Articles]
- ventifact
- stone that has received one or more highly polished, flattened facets as a result of erosion by windblown sand. The facets are cut in sequence and correlate with the dominant wind direction. As one surface is cut, the stone may become out of balance and may turn to expose another ...
- ventilating
- the natural or mechanically induced movement of fresh air into or through an enclosed space. The supply of air to an enclosed space involves the removal of a corresponding volume of expired air, which may be laden with odours, heat, noxious gases, or dust resulting from industrial processes. [9 Related Articles]
- ventilation
- (from the article "respiration") ...called cilia. In the few forms studied, the extraction of oxygen from the water has been found to be low, on the order of 2 to 10 percent. The currents produced by cilial movement, which constitute ventilation, are also utilized for bringing in and extracting food. At low tide or ...
- ventilation volume
- (from the article "respiration") The quantity of air or water passing through the lungs or gills each minute is known as the ventilation volume. The rate or depth of respiration may be altered to bring about adjustments in ventilation volume. The ventilation volume of humans at rest is approximately six litres per minute. This ...
- ventilator
- (from the article "barotrauma") ...submerged submarine rapidly surfaces without exhaling during the ascent, sudden expansion of air trapped within the thorax can burst one or both lungs. Another form of barotrauma may occur during mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure. Air pumped into the chest by the machine can overdistend and rupture a diseased portion ...
- Ventimiglia
- town, Liguria regione, northwestern Italy. It is situated at the mouth of the Roia River near the French border, just northeast of Nice, France. To the east of the modern town is the ruined Roman town Albium Intemelium, or Albintimilium, with the remains of a theatre. Ventimiglia's town hall houses ...
- Ventimiglia family
- (from the article "Italy") ...III (1337), however, substantial concessions of royal lands to a grasping baronial class increasingly divided the island. Of particular importance in this group were the three great families of the Ventimiglia, the Chiaramonte, and the Passaneto-men so powerful that contemporaries described them as "semi-kings," having below them some 200 lesser, ...
- Ventnor
- town (parish), Isle of Wight, historic county of Hampshire, England. The town lies along the southeastern coast of the Isle of Wight. From a small fishing hamlet it grew in the 19th century into a fashionable resort, noted for its mild climate and long hours of sunshine. The novelist Charles ...
- Ventose Decrees
- during the French Revolution, laws providing for the confiscation of the property of enemies of the revolution and its distribution to needy patriots. The Ventose Decrees are sometimes considered to be the most radical expression of social democracy of the revolution. They were passed by the National Convention (revolutionary assembly) ... [1 Related Articles]
- ventral aorta
- (from the article "circulation") ...the dorsal vessels. A large sac, the sinus venosus, is situated below the posterior of the pharynx and collects blood from all parts of the body. The blood passes forward through the subpharyngeal ventral aorta, from which branches carry it to small, accessory, branchial hearts that pump it upward through ...
- ventral cochlear nucleus
- (from the article "ear, human") ...the cochlear nerve terminate when they reach a collection of nerve cells called the cochlear nucleus. The cochlear nucleus consists of several distinct cell types and is divided into the dorsal and ventral cochlear nucleus. Each cochlear nerve fibre branches at the cochlear nucleus, sending one branch to the dorsal ...
- ventral horn
- (from the article "nervous system, human") ...of horns throughout most of the spinal cord: (1) the dorsal horns, composed of sensory neurons, (2) the lateral horns, well defined in thoracic segments and composed of visceral neurons, and (3) the ventral horns, composed of motor neurons. The white matter forming the ascending and descending spinal tracts is ...
- ventral nerve cord
- (from the article "nervous system") The ventral nerve cord, connected to the brain by the circumesophageal connectives, is composed of a double row of ganglia connected longitudinally by connectives and transversely by commissures. Different groups of arthropods exhibit different degrees of fusion of the ganglia. In insects the first ganglion, the subesophageal, is formed by ...
- ventral ramus
- (from the article "nervous system, human") Ventral rami of the spinal nerves carry sensory and motor fibres for the innervation of the muscles, joints, and skin of the lateral and ventral body walls and the extremities. Both dorsal and ventral rami also contain autonomic fibres.
- ventral root
- (from the article "ganglion") ...cell bodies of afferent nerve fibres (those carrying impulses toward the central nervous system); efferent neurons (carrying motor impulses away from the central nervous system) are present in the ventral root ganglia.spinal cord structurenervous system, humanThe spinal cordAssociated with local ...
- ventral symphysis
- (from the article "skeleton") ...pelvic girdle of some reptiles has a loose connection with the spine. In most reptiles the ilium is joined to two sacral vertebrae. Both the pubic and the ischial parts usually meet in the so-called ventral symphysis, from which a cartilage or a bone, the hypoischium, projects backward to support ...
- Ventria Bioscience
- (from the article "Life Sciences") ...modified (GM) plants that incorporated human genes began to be grown commercially for the first time. The plants, strains of rice modified to express human protein in their seeds, were made by Ventria Bioscience, a biotech company headquartered in Sacramento, Calif. Commercial planting of the rice in designated fields in ...
- ventricle
- (from the article "nervous system, human") Deep within the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres are cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid that form the ventricular system. These cavities include a pair of C-shaped lateral ventricles with anterior, inferior, and posterior "horns" protruding into the frontal, temporal, and occipital lobes, respectively. Most of the cerebrospinal fluid is ...
- ventricle
- muscular chamber that pumps blood out of the heart and into the circulatory system. Ventricles occur among some invertebrates. Among vertebrates, fishes and amphibians generally have a single ventricle, while reptiles, birds, and mammals have two. [12 Related Articles]
- ventricle of Morgagni
- (from the article "speech") ...by a continuous mucous membrane, which closely follows the outlines of all structures. Immediately above and slightly lateral to the vocal cords, the membrane expands into lateral excavations, one ventricle of Morgagni on each side. This recess opens anteriorly into a still smaller cavity, the laryngeal saccule or appendix. As ...
- ventricular arrhythmia
- (from the article "cardiovascular disease") Ventricular arrhythmias represent the major mechanism of cardiac sudden death, which is the leading cause of death in the United States, where each year more than 325,000 people die suddenly. Almost all of these deaths are related to ventricular fibrillation. While this rhythm disturbance may be associated with heart attack ...
- ventricular assist device
- (from the article "artificial heart") Mechanical hearts, which include total artificial hearts and ventricular assist devices (VADs), are machines that are capable of replacing or assisting the pumping action of the heart for prolonged periods without causing excessive damage to the blood components. Implantation of a total artificial heart requires removal of both of the ...
- ventricular dilation
- (from the article "cardiovascular disease") ...left ventricular enlargement, which can increase the volume of blood that is ejected from the ventricle, temporarily improving cardiac output. This increase in size of the ventricular cavity (called ventricular dilation), however, also results in a reduction in the percentage of the left ventricular volume of blood that is ejected ...
- ventricular dysphonia
- (from the article "speech") ...with a mirror. The false cords close tightly during each sphincter action for swallowing; when this primitive mechanism is used for phonation, it causes the severe hoarseness of false-cord voice (ventricular dysphonia).
- ventricular enlargement
- (from the article "cardiovascular disease") ...of compensatory reactions are initiated that may temporarily provide a return to sufficient ventricular function. One mechanism of compensation associated with left ventricular failure is left ventricular enlargement, which can increase the volume of blood that is ejected from the ventricle, temporarily improving cardiac output. This increase in size of ...
- ventricular fibrillation
- a type of arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm) characterized by the irregular and uncoordinated contraction of the muscle fibres of the ventricles, the lower chambers of the heart. Since ventricular fibrillation completely prevents the heart from functioning as a pump, it quickly brings death unless emergency measures restore the circulation of ... [4 Related Articles]
- ventricular fold
- (from the article "vocal cord") The ventricular folds, located just above the vocal cords, are sometimes termed false vocal cords because they are not involved in voice production. role inrespiratory systemrespiration, humanThe larynxViewed fro
- ventricular hypertrophy
- (from the article "cardiovascular disease") ...ventricular volume, however, results in an increase in internal load. Over time the ventricle responds by increasing the size of individual muscle cells and thickening the ventricular wall (ventricular hypertrophy). Ventricular hypertrophy causes increased stiffness of the left ventricle, thereby placing a limitation on the amount of compensatory increase in ...
- ventricular septal defect
- opening in the partition between the two ventricles, or lower chambers, of the heart. Such defects are congenital and may be accompanied by other congenital defects of the heart, most commonly pulmonary stenosis. [2 Related Articles]
- ventricular tachycardia
- (from the article "cardiovascular disease") ...into an arrhythmia. Reentry mechanisms are important components of ventricular arrhythmias and may be as simple as a premature ventricular beat coupled to a normal beat or as serious as a dangerous ventricular tachycardia. Under any circumstance where cardiac injury has occurred, a ventricular arrhythmia may potentially become a lethal ...
- ventriloquism
- the art of "throwing" the voice, i.e., speaking in such a manner that the sound seems to come from a distance or from a source other than the speaker. At the same time, the voice is disguised (partly by its heightened pitch), adding to the effect. The art of ventriloquism ... [2 Related Articles]
- ventriloquist's dummy
- (from the article "puppetry") Somewhat similar figures, though artistically altogether inferior, are the dummies used by ventriloquists; ventriloquism, as such, has no relation to puppetry, but the ventriloquists' figures, with their ingenious facial movements, are true puppets. The technique of the human actor carrying the puppet actor onto the stage and sometimes speaking for ...
- Ventris, Michael
- English architect and cryptographer who in 1952 deciphered the Minoan Linear B script and showed it to be Greek in its oldest known form, dating from about 1400 to 1200 BC, roughly the period of the events narrated in the Homeric epics. [3 Related Articles]
- ventrobasal complex
- (from the article "nervous system, human") ...response to noxious input. In fact, it may be said that pain reaches consciousness in the thalamus. The thalamus receives noxious input from the spinal cord in two regions, a lateral part called the ventrobasal complex and a medial part consisting of several nuclei. The ventrobasal complex is involved with ...
- ventromedial hypothalamus
- (from the article "motivation") ...sexual behaviours reduced by anterior hypothalamic damage, it has been suggested that this region contains receptors sensitive to changes in the levels of circulating sex hormones. Damage to the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) also arrests estrus in females and sexual behaviour in males, but hormone replacement therapy successfully restores these functions, ...
- Ventspils
- city and port, western Latvia. It lies at the mouth of the Venta River on the Baltic Sea coast. A settlement existed there in the 2nd millennium BC, and by the 10th century AD it was inhabited by Wends (a Slavic people). In 1242 the Teutonic Knights built a castle ...
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