| | - Urban Reform Law
- (from the article "Cuba") ...and real estate transactions. Few people can easily change their places of residence because the government's system of enforced home "exchanges," or trading, prevents housing sales. The Urban Reform Law of 1960 prohibited landlords from renting urban real estate, and families soon began buying homes by paying the current rental ...
- urban renewal
- comprehensive scheme to redress a complex of urban problems, including unsanitary, deficient, or obsolete housing; inadequate transportation, sanitation, and other services and facilities; haphazard land use; traffic congestion; and the sociological correlates of urban decay, such as crime. Early efforts usually focused on housing reform and sanitary and public-health measures, ... [4 Related Articles]
- urban revolution
- in anthropology and archaeology, the processes by which agricultural village societies developed into socially, economically, and politically complex urban societies. The term urban revolution was introduced by the archaeologist V. Gordon Childe. [2 Related Articles]
- urban servitude
- (from the article "servitude") ...and urban refer to the nature of the obligation rather than the location of the servitude. Rural servitudes (i.e., those owed by one estate to another) include various rights-of-way; urban servitudes (i.e., those established for convenience) include building rights in neighbouring properties, such as drainage and encroachment rights, and rights ...
- urban transportation
- (from the article "mass transit") the movement of people within urban areas using group travel technologies such as buses and trains. The essential feature of mass transportation is that many people are carried in the same vehicle (e.g., buses) or collection of attached vehicles (trains). This makes it possible to move people in the same ...
- urban tunnel
- (from the article "tunnels and underground excavations") ...are typically circular in shape because of this shape's inherently greater strength and ability to readjust to future load changes. In locations within street rights-of-way, the dominant concern in urban tunneling is the need to avoid intolerable settlement damage to adjoining buildings. While this is rarely a problem in the ...
- Urban V, Blessed
- pope from 1362 to 1370. [3 Related Articles]
- Urban VI
- pope from 1378 to 1389 whose election sparked the Western Schism (1378-1417). [6 Related Articles]
- Urban VII
- original name Giambattista Castagna pope from Sept. 15 to Sept. 27, 1590. [1 Related Articles]
- Urban VIII
- pope from 1623 to 1644. [11 Related Articles]
- urban yellow fever
- (from the article "yellow fever") There are three substantially different patterns of transmission of the yellow fever virus: (1) urban, or classical, yellow fever, in which transmission is from person to person via the "domestic" (i.e., urban-dwelling) Aedes aegypti mosquito; (2) jungle, or sylvatic, yellow fever, in which transmission is from a mammalian host (usually ...
- Urban, Joseph
- (from the article "Architecture") In New York, British architect Foster designed the much-discussed 40-story Hearst Tower, which stood atop a six-story older building, designed in 1928 by Viennese architect Joseph Urban. Urban's building was surfaced in traditional limestone and designed in the Art Deco style of the 1920s. Foster's addition, totally different, was a ...
- Urban, Wilbur Marshall
- (from the article "religious experience") ...rejected such claims, explaining religion in psychological and genetic terms as a projection of human wishes and desires. Philosophers such as William James, Josiah Royce, William E. Hocking, and Wilbur M. Urban have represented an idealist tradition in interpreting religion, stressing the concepts of purpose, value, and meaning as essential ...
- Urbana
- city, seat (1833) of Champaign county, east-central Illinois, U.S. Urbana is contiguous with Champaign (west), about 135 miles (220 km) southwest of Chicago. The two cities are often called Champaign-Urbana. The area was first settled in 1822, and in 1833 the city was founded as the county seat and named ... [1 Related Articles]
- Urbana
- city, Champaign county, west-central Ohio, U.S., in a stock-raising and farming area, 40 miles (64 km) northeast of Dayton. Laid out in 1805 by Col. William Ward of Virginia, it became the county seat in the same year and grew after a training camp was established there by Gen. William ...
- Urbani, Carlo
- Italian epidemiologist (b. Oct. 19, 1956, Castelplanio, Italy-d. March 29, 2003, Bangkok, Thai.), recognized that the SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) outbreak was an epidemic and raised the alarm, allowing the disease to be somewhat contained, before dying himself of SARS. Urbani began working in Africa as soon as he ...
- urbanization
- the process by which large numbers of people become permanently concentrated in relatively small areas, forming cities. [76 Related Articles]
- Urbarial Patent
- (from the article "Hungary") ...a lethargy descended on the country. Political life sank to the parish-pump level, and the towns stagnated. The peasants, into whose conditions the queen introduced some improvements (notably the Urbarial Patent in 1767, which attempted to standardize peasant holdings and obligations), followed their masters in aspiring to nothing more than ...
- Urbina, Isabel de
- (from the article "Vega, Lope de") ...family that he landed in prison. The libel continued in a court case in 1588, which sent him into exile from Castile for eight years. In the middle of this incredible court scandal, Vega abducted Isabel de Urbina (the "Belisa" of many of his poems), the beautiful 16-year-old sister of ...
- Urbino
- town, Marche (The Marches) regione, central Italy. Founded by the Umbrians, an ancient people of Italy, it was subsequently occupied by the Etruscans, Celts, and Gauls, and, in the 3rd century BC, by the Romans. It eventually fell under church rule in the 9th century but was ceded in the ... [2 Related Articles]
- Urbino maiolica
- Italian tin-glazed earthenware made in the city of Urbino, which from around 1520 dominated the market. Early wares, mostly dishes, are decorated with narrative scenes that typically cover the entire surface. The narrative scenes are taken from the Bible, from classical mythology, from classical and contemporary history, and from poetry ... [1 Related Articles]
- urchin
- (from the article "urchin") any of several marine invertebrates of the class Echinoidea (phylum Echinodermata), including the cake urchin, heart urchin, and sea urchin (qq.v.).giant purple sea urchinGiant purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus).David
- Urci
- ancient settlement in southeastern Roman Hispania mentioned by Pomponius Mela, Pliny the Elder, and Claudius Ptolemy. The writings of these historians indicate that the city was located in the hinterland of what is now Villaricos, Spain, in the lower basin of the Almanzora River.
- Urd
- (from the article "Norn") ...mythology, any of a group of supernatural beings who corresponded to the Greek Moirai; they were usually represented as three maidens who spun or wove the fate of men. Some sources name them Urd, Verdandi, and Skuld, perhaps meaning "past," "present," and "future." They were depicted as living by Yggdrasill, ...
- Urdaneta, Andres de
- navigator whose discovery of a favourable west-to-east route across the Pacific made colonization of the Philippines and transpacific commerce possible. [2 Related Articles]
- Urdarbrunnr
- (from the article "Norn") ...sources name them Urd, Verdandi, and Skuld, perhaps meaning "past," "present," and "future." They were depicted as living by Yggdrasill, the world tree, under Urd's well and were linked with both good and evil. Being frequently attendant at births, they were sometimes associated with midwifery. The name Norn appears only ...
- Urdu language
- Indo-Aryan language originating in the region between the Ganges and Jamuna rivers near Delhi, now the official language of Pakistan. Numbering some 48,980,000 speakers in the late 20th century, Urdu is the primary language of the Muslims of both Pakistan and northern India. [9 Related Articles]
- Urdu literature
- writings in the Urdu language of the Muslims of Pakistan and northern India. It is written in the Perso-Arabic script, and, with a few major exceptions, the literature is the work of Muslim writers who take their themes from the life of the Indian subcontinent. Poetry written in Urdu flourished ... [5 Related Articles]
- urea
- the diamide of carbonic acid. Its formula is H2NCONH2. Urea has important uses as a fertilizer and feed supplement, as well as a starting material for the manufacture of plastics and drugs. It is a colourless, crystalline substance that melts at 132.7° C (271° F) and decomposes before boiling. [14 Related Articles]
- urea cycle
- (from the article "Krebs, Sir Hans Adolf") At the University of Freiburg (1932), Krebs discovered (with the German biochemist Kurt Henseleit) a series of chemical reactions (now known as the urea cycle) by which ammonia is converted to urea in mammalian tissue; the urea, far less toxic than ammonia, is subsequently excreted in the urine of most ...
- urea retention habitus
- (from the article "chondrichthian") ...to reabsorb in the renal (kidney) tubules most of their nitrogenous waste products (urea and trimethylamine oxide) and to accumulate these products in their tissues and blood, an ability termed the urea retention habitus. The concentration within the body thus exceeds that of the surrounding seawater, and water moves into ...
- urea-formaldehyde resin
- any of a class of substances belonging to the family of organic polymers, prepared by heating urea and formaldehyde in the presence of mild alkalies, such as pyridine or ammonia. The urea and formaldehyde undergo a condensation reaction in which they combine to form a water-soluble polymer. This polymer is ... [1 Related Articles]
- Ureaplasma
- (from the article "infectious disease") Mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas, which range in size from 150 to 850 nanometres, are the smallest free-living microorganisms. They are ubiquitous in nature and capable of causing widespread disease, but the illnesses they produce in humans are generally milder than those caused by bacteria. Diseases due to mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas can ...
- urease
- an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea, forming ammonia and carbon dioxide. Found in large quantities in jack beans, soybeans, and other plant seeds, it also occurs in some animal tissues and intestinal microorganisms. Urease is significant in the history of enzymology as the first enzyme to be purified ... [1 Related Articles]
- uremia
- toxic effects of abnormally high concentrations of nitrogenous substances in the blood as a result of the kidney's failure to expel these waste products by way of the urine. The end products of protein metabolism accumulate in the blood but are normally filtered out when the blood passes through the ... [5 Related Articles]
- urena
- (Urena lobata), plant of the family Malvaceae; its fibre is one of the bast fibre group. The plant, probably of Old World origin, grows wild in tropical and subtropical areas throughout the world.
- URENCO
- (from the article "nuclear weapon") ...a doctorate in metallurgical engineering in Belgium. Beginning in May 1972, he began work at a laboratory in Amsterdam that was a subcontractor of Ultra Centrifuge Nederland, the Dutch partner of URENCO. URENCO in turn was a joint enterprise created in 1970 by Great Britain, West Germany, and The Netherlands ...
- Urengoy
- (from the article "natural gas") ...of the world's largest gas fields occur in Russia in a region of West Siberia east of the Gulf of Ob on the Arctic Circle (see Figure 3 in the article petroleum). The world's largest gas field is Urengoy, which was discovered in 1966. Its initial reserves have been estimated ...
- Ureparapara
- (from the article "Banks Islands") ...Along with the nearby Torres Islands, the group receives the highest average annual precipitation in Vanuatu (about 160 inches [4,000 mm]). The islands are heavily forested. The northernmost islet, Ureparapara, is a volcanic cone that has been breached by the sea, thus creating Lorup Bay in its east coast. Several ...
- Urereae
- (from the article "Rosales") Members of the tribe Urereae (also known as Urticeae) are among the most conspicuous members of the family Urticaceae (the nettle family) because of their stinging hairs. The stings are frequently a short-term irritant, but contact with some species can cause pain or numbness that lasts for several days. Fatalities ...
- ureter
- one of two ducts that transmit urine from each kidney to the bladder. Each ureter is a narrow tube that is about 12 inches (30 cm) long. A ureter has thick, contractile walls, and its diameter varies considerably at different points along its length. The tube emerges from each kidney, ... [10 Related Articles]
- ureteric atresia
- (from the article "atresia and stenosis") Ureteric and urethral atresias and stenoses cause distension of the urinary tract above the obstruction, with impairment of kidney function and often infection.
- ureteric bud
- (from the article "animal development") ...from the nephrotomes of the posterior part of the trunk and lying dorsal to the mesonephric duct. The actual differentiation is initiated by a dorsal outgrowth of the mesonephric duct, called the ureteric bud. The ureteric bud grows in the direction of the mesenchyme and becomes the ureter. Having penetrated ...
- ureteric stenosis
- (from the article "atresia and stenosis") Ureteric and urethral atresias and stenoses cause distension of the urinary tract above the obstruction, with impairment of kidney function and often infection.
- urethra
- duct that transmits urine from the bladder to the exterior of the body during urination. The urethra is held closed by the urethral sphincter, a muscular structure that helps keep urine in the bladder until voiding can occur. [11 Related Articles]
- urethral atresia
- (from the article "atresia and stenosis") Ureteric and urethral atresias and stenoses cause distension of the urinary tract above the obstruction, with impairment of kidney function and often infection.
- urethral gland
- in male placental mammals, any of the glands that branch off the internal wall of the urethra, the passageway for both urine and semen. The glands contribute mucus to the seminal fluid. They are located along the whole length of the urethra but are most numerous along the section of ... [2 Related Articles]
- urethral stenosis
- (from the article "atresia and stenosis") Ureteric and urethral atresias and stenoses cause distension of the urinary tract above the obstruction, with impairment of kidney function and often infection.
- urethral stricture
- (from the article "renal system disease") ...tract (urethra and ureters) are much more vulnerable to obstruction. The urethra may be obstructed by stones (calculi) formed in the bladder or kidneys; by fibrous contraction of the urethral wall (urethral stricture); and by congenital valve or diaphragm (membranous malformation). Although not a part of the excretory tract, the ...
- urethritis
- infection and inflammation of the urethra, the channel for passage of urine from the urinary bladder to the outside. Urethritis is more frequent in males than in females. Its causes vary with age, sexual practices, and hygienic standards. Urethritis due to fecal contamination or irritation due to physical or chemical ... [2 Related Articles]
- Urewera National Park
- park in northeastern North Island, New Zealand. Established in 1954, it has an area of 821 square miles (2,127 square km) and has the largest expanse of indigenous forest in the North Island. The park is located in a region between Wairoa and Rotorua, remote from European development, and contains ...
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