| | - Turnbull, Colin Macmillan
- British-born anthropologist (b. Nov. 23, 1924, Harrow, England--d. July 28, 1994, Kilmarnock, Va.), conducted extensive field studies in Africa among the Mbuti Pygmies in the Belgian Congo (now Zaire) and the Ik hunters of northern Uganda and recorded his experiences in two best-selling books, The Forest People (1961) and The ...
- Turnbull, Herbert Westren
- English mathematician who made contributions to algebraic invariant theory and to the history of mathematics.
- Turnbull, Malcolm
- Australian politician who was MP for Wentworth (2004- ) and leader of the Liberal Party (2008- ).
- Turnbull, Sir Richard
- (from the article "Nyerere, Julius") ...new Legislative Assembly. Progress toward independence owed much to the understanding and mutual trust that developed during the course of negotiations between Nyerere and the British governor, Sir Richard Turnbull. Tanganyika finally gained responsible self-government in September 1960, and Nyerere became chief minister at this time. He became prime minister ...
- Turner
- (from the article "gymnastics") ...house arrest, and his wife died shortly thereafter. Three of his close followers, Karl Beck, Karl Follen, and Franz Lieber, fearing arrest, fled to North America, bringing gymnastics with them. The Turners remaining in Prussia went underground until the ban on gymnastics was lifted by King Frederick William IV in ...
- Turner Broadcasting System, Inc.
- (from the article "Media and Publishing") ...produced by former U.S. vice president Al Gore and entrepreneur Joel Hyatt. British ITVPlay joined the lucrative quiz phone-in business with its game shows Quizmania and The Mint. Turner Broadcasting reviewed classic Hanna-Barbera cartoons shown on Britain's Boomerang channel and, after a broadcasting watchdog group received complaints, voluntarily edited scenes ...
- Turner Network Television
- (from the article "Turner, Ted") ...cable television audience, thereby greatly increasing revenues. Turner went on to create two other highly successful and innovative cable television networks: CNN (Cable News Network; 1980) and TNT (Turner Network Television; 1988). He also purchased the Atlanta Braves major league baseball team in 1976 and the Atlanta Hawks professional basketball ...
- Turner Prize
- (from the article "Art and Art Exhibitions") ...$25,000 Johnson award for a black artist working in the U.S. Whitfield Lovell and Joan Snyder were awarded MacArthur Foundation grants for $500,000 each. For the first time since its inception, the Turner Prize was held outside London at the Tate Liverpool. Zarina Bhimji, Nathan Coley, Mike Nelson, and Mark ...
- Turner Ward Knob
- (from the article "Boston Mountains") ...and northeastern Oklahoma, U.S. The highest section of the Ozark Mountains, they are bounded by the White River (which has its source there) and by the Arkansas River. Several peaks, including Turner Ward Knob and Brannon Mountain, exceed 2,400 feet (730 m). The rugged mountains, 30 to 35 miles (50 ...
- Turner's syndrome
- relatively uncommon sex-chromosome disorder that causes aberrant sexual development in human females. Affected individuals evidence the following signs and symptoms: low hairline; webbed neck; shield-shaped chest with widely spaced nipples; usually kidney and heart malformations with coarctation (narrowing) of the aorta; a 10 percent frequency of moderate to severe mental ... [9 Related Articles]
- Turner, Albert
- American civil rights activist (b. Feb. 29, 1936, Marion, Ala.-d. April 13, 2000, Selma, Ala.), was a leader in the civil rights movement in the American South and an adviser to Martin Luther King, Jr. Turner was the Southern Christian Leadership Conference's field secretary in Alabama at the height of ...
- Turner, Big Joe
- black American blues singer, or "shouter," whose records were imitated by white musicians in the early days of rock and roll. [1 Related Articles]
- Turner, C. A. P.
- (from the article "building construction") ...methods for the approximate analysis of rigid frames, which greatly simplified the design of concrete structures. In the Johnson-Bovey Building (1905) in Minneapolis, the American engineer C.A.P. Turner employed concrete floor slabs without beams (called flat slabs or flat plates) that used diagonal and orthogonal patterns of reinforcing bars. The ...
- Turner, Cathy
- American short-track speed skater who came out of retirement to capture a gold medal at the sport's Olympic debut (1992). Known for her aggressive style of skating, she defended her title in 1994.
- Turner, Clyde
- American football player and coach who was a centre and linebacker for the Chicago Bears for the 13 seasons from 1940 to 1952, during which the team, nicknamed the Monsters of the Midway, won the National Football League championship four times; he was named All-Pro six times and in 1966 ...
- Turner, Frederick Jackson
- American historian best known for the "frontier thesis." The single most influential interpretation of the American past, it proposed that the distinctiveness of the United States was attributable to its long history of "westering." Despite the fame of this monocausal interpretation, as the teacher and mentor of dozens of young ...
- Turner, Grenville
- (from the article "dating") A method designed to avoid such complexities was introduced by the geochronologists Craig M. Merrihue and Grenville Turner in 1966. In this technique, known as the argon-40-argon-39 method, both parent and daughter can be determined in the mass spectrometer as some of the potassium atoms in the sample are first ...
- Turner, Herbert Hall
- English astronomer who pioneered many of the procedures now universally employed in determining stellar positions from astronomical photographs.
- Turner, Ike
- American rhythm-and-blues and soul performer and producer who was best known for his work with Tina Turner. [5 Related Articles]
- Turner, J.M.W.
- English Romantic landscape painter whose expressionistic studies of light, colour, and atmosphere were unmatched in their range and sublimity. [8 Related Articles]
- Turner, John Napier
- Canadian lawyer and politician who in June 1984 succeeded Pierre Elliott Trudeau as head of the Liberal Party and prime minister of Canada. In general elections of September of the same year, his party was routed by the Progressive-Conservatives under Brian Mulroney. [1 Related Articles]
- Turner, Lana
- American film actress known for her glamorous looks and sexual allure. Though her skill as an actress was limited, Turner excelled in roles that highlighted her sexuality and working-class roots. She enjoyed her greatest popularity in the 1940s and '50s, often playing the part of a "good girl gone bad." [1 Related Articles]
- Turner, Nat
- black American bondsman who led the only effective, sustained slave rebellion (August 1831) in U.S. history. Spreading terror throughout the white South, his action set off a new wave of oppressive legislation prohibiting the education, movement, and assembly of slaves and stiffened proslavery, antiabolitionist convictions that persisted in that region ... [4 Related Articles]
- Turner, Ralph E.
- American cultural historian, professor at Yale from 1944 to 1961, and, as an American delegate to an educators' conference in London (1944), one of the planners of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). In his historical research he relied on the methods of cultural anthropology.
- Turner, Ralph H.
- (from the article "social movement") Turner and Killian argue that it is useful at times to categorize social movements on the basis of their public definition, the character of the opposition evoked, and the means of action available to the movement. This scheme is designed to eliminate the subjective evaluation of goals inherent in such ...
- Turner, Rowley B.
- (from the article "bicycle") Major bicycle production in Britain began in 1868, when Rowley B. Turner took a Michaux bicycle to Britain and showed it to his uncle, Josiah Turner, manager of the Coventry Sewing Machine Company. Rowley Turner ordered 500 machines, 250 for sale in Britain and 250 for France. The French sales ...
- Turner, Ted
- broadcasting entrepreneur and sportsman who became a major figure in American business in the late 20th century. [2 Related Articles]
- Turner, Thomas
- (from the article "Caughley ware") porcelain produced by the Caughley China Works, a factory in Caughley, Shropshire, England. A local earthenware pottery was extended in 1772 by Thomas Turner to make soaprock (steatitic) porcelain; a close connection existed with the Worcester porcelain factory, and from there Robert Hancock, the pioneer engraver of copper plates for ...
- Turner, Tina
- American singer who found success in the rhythm-and-blues, soul, and rock genres in a career that spanned five decades. [4 Related Articles]
- Turner, William
- English naturalist, botanist, and theologian known as the "father of English botany." His A New Herball was the first English herbal to include original material.
- Turner, William
- (from the article "ironstone china") ...porcelain, English porcelain, stone china, new stone-all of which were used to describe essentially the same product. The first successful manufacture of ironstone was achieved in 1800 by William Turner of the Lane End potteries at Longton, Staffordshire. In 1805 Turner sold his patent to Josiah Spode the Second, Stoke-upon-Trent, ...
- Turneraceae
- (from the article "Malpighiales") Members of Turneraceae, a family of 10 genera and 205 species, are found in the tropical and subtropical parts of the Americas, Africa, Madagascar, and the Mascarene Islands. Turnera (122 species) and Piriqueta (44 species) are both found in the Neotropics and Africa. Members of the family often have hairy ...
- turnery
- (from the article "furniture industry") ...of standardization of methods of construction, particularly in the types of joints used and in the thicknesses of wood for the various parts. It also resulted in an increased division of labour. Turnery became a separate trade, while the cabinetmaker assembled the turned parts; veneer and marquetry cutting was not ...
- Turnfest
- (from the article "gymnastics") The first German gymnastic festival (Turnfest) was held in Coburg in 1860. The festival attracted affiliated Turnverein clubs and marked the beginning of international competition, as the growing family of Turners outside of Germany were invited to participate. Americans had been introduced to gymnastics ...
- Turnhalle Alliance
- (from the article "Namibia") The political climate was calm. The main opposition party, the Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (heir to South Africa's puppet government efforts and beneficiary of considerable South African funds for campaign financing), held almost one-third of the seats in the legislature but was neither particularly constructive nor totally obstructive. In the 1994 ...
- Turnhout
- (from the article "Vonck, Jean-Francois") When the army joined van der Noot at Breda in 1789, after an Austrian invasion, the insurgents won a victory at Turnhout and gained control of the Austrian Netherlands. Vonck and van der Noot returned to Brussels in December 1789 to form a new but short-lived government, the United Belgian ...
- turning
- (from the article "pottery") Turning is the process of finishing the greenware (unfired ware) after it has dried to leather hardness. The technique is used to smooth and finish footrings on wheel-thrown wares or undercut places on molded or jiggered pieces. It is usually done on the potter's wheel or jigger as the ware ...
- turning machine
- (from the article "machine tool") The engine lathe, as the horizontal metal-turning machine is commonly called, is the most important of all the machine tools. It is usually considered the father of all other machine tools because many of its fundamental mechanical elements are incorporated into the design of other machine tools.
- turnip
- hardy biennial plant cultivated for its fleshy roots and tender growing tops. There are two species, belonging to the family Brassicaceae: the turnip proper, of the Rapifera Group in Brassica rapa; and the Swedish turnip, or rutabaga, of the Napobrassica Group in Brassica napus. The true turnip probably originated in ... [2 Related Articles]
- turno pacifico
- (from the article "Spain") The Canovite system was artificial in that it required the contrived rotation in office (turno pacifico) of a Liberal and a Conservative party; this in turn demanded governmental control of elections, which were run by caciques, or local political bosses, who controlled votes in ...
- turnover
- (from the article "motion picture") ...that wipes out the preceding image while introducing the next), irising (gradually reducing the old image from the edges to a pinpoint size and then expanding the new one in the reverse way), or a turnover (in which the entire screen seems to turn over, with the new image seeming ...
- turnover
- an individual pie (q.v.), formed by folding a piece of pastry in half over a filling. The open edges are pressed or crimped together to enclose the filling during cooking and eating. Turnovers may be baked or fried. Many turnovers contain savoury fillings; the empanada of South and Central America ...
- turnover tax
- (from the article "sales tax") Multistage sales taxes, which are imposed at more than one level of production and distribution, without relief for taxes paid at previous stages, are sometimes called turnover taxes. For reasons of administration and simplicity, such taxes are based on gross receipts; consequently, the taxable value at each stage includes amounts ...
- Turnowski, Jan
- (from the article "biblical literature") ...of this edition for the use of Socinians (Unitarians) was prepared by the Hebraist Szymon Budny (Nieswicz, 1570-82), and another revision, primarily executed by Daniel Mikolajewski and Jan Turnowski (the "Danzig Bible") in 1632, became the official version of all Evangelical churches in Poland. This edition was burnt by the ...
- turns ratio
- (from the article "transformer") ...The secondary voltage is calculated by multiplying the primary voltage by the ratio of the number of turns in the secondary coil to the number of turns in the primary coil, a quantity called the turns ratio.
- turnstone
- either of two species of shorebirds (genus Arenaria) that constitute the subfamily Arenariinae (family Scolopacidae). The birds use their short, flattened bills, which are slightly recurved (upturned at the tip), to overturn pebbles and shells in search of food. Turnstones grow to a length of about 20 cm (8 inches). [2 Related Articles]
- turntable
- in sound reproduction, rotating platform that carries a phonograph record. Turntables commonly revolve at 16 23, 33 13, 45, or 78 revolutions per minute; many record players have gearing that allows the user to choose among these speeds. For best sound reproduction, constant turning speed is crucial; transcription turntables used ... [2 Related Articles]
- Turnu Rosu Pass
- (from the article "Sibiu") city, central Romania. It lies along the Cibin River at an elevation of 1,350-1,400 feet (410-425 metres) above sea level. Sibiu is situated on the north side of the Turnu Rosu ("Red Tower") Pass, which links Transylvania to southern Romania across the Transylvanian Alps (Southern Carpathians).
- Turnus
- legendary warrior and leader of the Rutuli people, best known from his appearance in the second half of Virgil's Aeneid (19 BC). Virgil identifies him as the son of Daunus and the nymph Venilia and as the brother of the nymph Juturna. The Roman historians Cato the ... [1 Related Articles]
- turnverein
- (from German turnen, "to practice gymnastics," and Verein, "club, union"), association of gymnasts founded by the German teacher and patriot Friedrich Ludwig Jahn in Berlin in 1811. The term now also denotes a place for physical exercise. The early turnvereins were centres for the cultivation of health and vigour through ... [6 Related Articles]
- Turones
- (from the article "Touraine") In Roman times the country was inhabited by the Gallic tribe of the Turones, from whom the name of the province and also that of its capital, Tours, are derived. The Turones were unwarlike and offered practically no resistance to the invader, though they joined in the revolt of Vercingetorix ...
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