| | - Swinburne, Richard
- (from the article "Christianity") ...the design argument was reformulated in more comprehensive ways, particularly by the British philosophers Frederick R. Tennant (Philosophical Theology, 1928-30) and Richard Swinburne (using Thomas Bayes's probability theorem in The Existence of God, 1979), taking account not only of the order and functioning of ...
- Swindin, George Hedley
- English association football (soccer) player (b. Dec. 4, 1914, Campsall, Yorkshire, Eng.-d. Oct. 26, 2005, Kettering, Northamptonshire, Eng.), manned the goal for Arsenal Football Club from 1936 to 1954, except for six years (1939-45) that he lost to military service during World War II. At Arsenal, Swindin was part of ...
- Swindon
- town and unitary authority in the northeastern part of the geographic and historic county of Wiltshire, southern England. Mostly in a fertile clay valley, the unitary authority is bounded on the north by the upper reaches of the River Thames and on the south by the steep chalk escarpment of ...
- swine influenza
- (from the article "Haemophilus") H. gallinarum causes infectious coryza in fowl. H. parasuis (itself not disease-causing), together with a virus (Tarpeia suis), causes swine influenza. H. ducreyi causes a venereal disease in humans known as chancroid, or soft chancre. H. influenzae was at one time thought to cause human influenza, but it is now ...
- swing
- in music, both the rhythmic impetus of jazz music and a specific jazz idiom prominent between about 1935 and the mid-1940s-years sometimes called the swing era. Swing music has a compelling momentum that results from musicians' attacks and accenting in relation to fixed beats. Swing rhythms defy any narrower definition, ... [12 Related Articles]
- swing bridge
- (from the article "Newcastle upon Tyne") ...Tyne Bridge (1928), part of a major British road link. The rail link between London and Edinburgh also crosses the Tyne at Newcastle (the High Level Bridge, 1844-49). The electrically operated Swing Bridge (1865-76), one of the greatest engineering achievements of its time, is on the site of Roman and ...
- Swingfire
- (from the article "rocket and missile system") The British Swingfire and the French-designed, internationally marketed MILAN (missile d'infanterie leger antichar, or "light infantry antitank missile") and HOT (haut subsonique optiquement teleguide tire d'un tube, or "high-subsonic, optically teleguided,...
- Swings band
- (from the article "Swings, Pol") ...of iron in many stellar sources. While studying the spectra of comets, he discovered numerous radicals, including hydroxyl and cyanide. He showed that certain strong spectral bands (now called Swings bands) of comets are caused by tricarbon radicals. He also explained certain anomalies in cyanide spectra of the Sun by ...
- Swings effect
- (from the article "comet") ...the Sun were explained quantitatively by the variable shift in the apparent wavelengths of the solar Fraunhofer lines due to the variable radial velocity of the comet. This is the so-called Swings effect. Later, the American astronomer Jesse Greenstein explained, by a differential Swings effect, the observed differences in the ...
- Swings, Pol
- Belgian astrophysicist noted for his spectroscopic studies of the composition and structure of stars and comets. [2 Related Articles]
- Swinney, John
- (from the article "Scottish National Party") After a decade as the party's "national convener," the party leader, Alex Salmond, resigned in July 2000 and was replaced by 36-year-old John Swinney, the party's deputy leader and a member of the British and Scottish Parliaments, at the party conference in September. Salmond was elected the party's leader again ...
- Swinney, Owen Mac
- (from the article "Canaletto") ...Canaletto's nephew, was not yet a mature painter; and Michele Marieschi was a follower rather than a competitor. Because of this lack of rivals, Canaletto became increasingly difficult to deal with. Owen Mac Swinney, an English operatic figure and patron of Canaletto, wrote as early as 1727,The fellow is whimsical ...
- Swinoujscie
- town, Zachodniopomorskie wojewodztwo (province), northwestern Poland, on a low-lying sandy island, Uznam (Usedom), that separates the Szczecinski Lagoon (Oderhaff), a lake at the mouth of the Oder River, from the Baltic Sea. A major fishing port and resort, Swinoujscie has fine beaches. [1 Related Articles]
- Swinthila
- (from the article "Spain") ...of Visigoths and Hispano-Romans was lifted. Thereafter, the Hispano-Romans, no longer expecting deliverance by Byzantium, developed a firm allegiance to the Visigothic monarchy. As a consequence, Swinthila (621-631) was able to conquer the remaining Byzantine fortresses in the peninsula and to extend Visigothic authority throughout Spain.
- Swinton, A. A. Campbell
- (from the article "television") ...number of scans per second, which produced a flickering image, and the relatively large size of each hole in the disk, which resulted in poor resolution. In 1908 a Scottish electrical engineer, A.A. Campbell Swinton, wrote that the problems "can probably be solved by the employment of two beams of ...
- Swinton, Sir Ernest
- (from the article "World War I") ...and capable of crossing trenches and would thus restore the tactical balance upset by the new preponderance of defensive over offensive power. The idea of such a machine was conceived by Colonel Ernest Swinton in October 1914, was nourished and tended in infancy by Winston Churchill, then first lord of ...
- Swinton, Tilda
- (from the article "2007: Best Supporting Actress") Other Nominees
- swirl
- (from the article "tropical cyclone") ...winds associated with them typically flow in a different direction than those of the cyclone, allowing them to be identified. Other small-scale wind features associated with tropical cyclones are swirls. These are very small, intense, and short-lived vortices that occur under convective towers embedded in the eyewall. They are not ...
- swirl concentrator
- (from the article "environmental works") ...receiving body of water, or it can be treated in a nearby wastewater treatment plant at a rate that will not overload the facility. Another method for controlling combined sewage involves the use of swirl concentrators. These direct sewage through cylindrically shaped devices that create a vortex, or whirlpool, effect. ...
- swirl error
- (from the article "navigation") When the ship alters course, liquid at the side of the bowl tends to displace slightly, deflecting the card and causing what is known as swirl error. To minimize swirl error, the card is often made considerably smaller in diameter than the bowl. The directional system is made sufficiently bottom-heavy ...
- swish
- (from the article "African architecture") ...significance akin to those found on weights used for measuring gold. In the early 21st century, however, the Asante house was constructed of "swish," or pise de terre (earth rammed into a wooden formwork), raised in lifts. The pitched or hipped roof is covered in thatch or, ...
- Swiss Army knife
- multibladed pocketknife that evolved from knives issued to Swiss soldiers beginning in 1886. Although the knives were originally produced in Germany, Swiss cutler Karl Elsener began making soldiers' knives in 1891, equipping them with a blade, reamer, screwdriver, and can opener. The officer's knife, with a second blade and corkscrew, ... [1 Related Articles]
- Swiss Bank Corporation
- (from the article "UBS AG") major bank formed in 1998 by the merger of two of Switzerland's largest banks, the Swiss Bank Corporation and the Union Bank of Switzerland.
- Swiss Brethren
- (from the article "Mennonite") The Mennonites trace their origins particularly to the so-called Swiss Brethren, an Anabaptist group that formed near Zurich on January 21, 1525, in the face of imminent persecution for their rejection of the demands of the Zurich Reformer Huldrych Zwingli. Although these demands centred on infant baptism, which Anabaptist leaders ...
- Swiss Civil Code
- body of private law codified by the jurist Eugen Huber at the end of the 19th century; it was adopted in 1907 and went into effect in 1912, and it remains in force, with modifications, in present-day Switzerland. Because Huber's work was completed after the Napoleonic Code (q.v.) of 1804 ... [2 Related Articles]
- Swiss Dormitory
- (from the article "Corbusier, Le") ...in Paris, with its attempt at a "breathing" glass wall conceived as an unopenable glass surface equipped with an air conditioning system (a technological and financial failure), and the Swiss Dormitory at the Cite Universitaire in Paris (1931-32). In the latter structure he set the dormitory area apart from the ...
- Swiss Federation of Protestant Churches
- confederation founded in 1920 to represent the interests of the churches in social issues, government liaison, and overseas mission and aid work. Membership is open to Christian churches that have adopted the principles of the Reformation. The Federation is composed of the Evangelical and Reformed churches of 17 of Switzerland's ...
- Swiss German language
- collective name for the great variety of Alemannic (Upper German) dialects spoken in Switzerland north of the boundary between the Romance and Germanic languages, in Liechtenstein, in the Austrian province of Vorarlberg, and in parts of Baden-Wurttemberg in Germany and Alsace in France. A few isolated villages south of the ...
- Swiss Guards
- corps of Swiss soldiers responsible for the safety of the pope. Often called "the world's smallest army," they serve as personal escorts to the pontiff and as watchmen for Vatican City and the pontifical villa of Castel Gandolfo. [3 Related Articles]
- Swiss Historical Village
- (from the article "New Glarus") ...largely populated by people of Swiss heritage. Located in a rich dairying region, New Glarus is noted for its Swiss and other types of cheese. Tourism is also important for the local economy. The Swiss Historical Village (established 1938) includes replicas of buildings in the original pioneer village, including a ...
- Swiss International Air Lines
- Swiss airline formed in 2002 following the bankruptcy of Swiss Air Transport Company Ltd. (Swissair). The airline serves cities in Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and North and Latin America. [6 Related Articles]
- Swiss literature
- properly, the writings in the only language peculiar to Switzerland, the Rhaeto-Romanic dialect known as Romansh, though broadly it includes all works written by Swiss nationals in any of the three other languages of their country: German, French, and Italian, or the Swiss dialect forms of any one of them. ... [2 Related Articles]
- Swiss National Park
- national park in Graubunden canton, southeastern Switzerland, adjoining the Italian border 15 miles (24 km) northeast of Saint Moritz. Established in 1914 and enlarged in 1959, the park occupies 65 square miles (169 square km) and is made up of a magnificent area in the Central Alps and on the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Swiss People's Party
- conservative Swiss political party. [3 Related Articles]
- Swissair Participation SA
- (from the article "Swiss International Air Lines") ...1950s routes to South America and East Asia were added, and the airline began flying to Tokyo in 1961. Swissair later added destinations in Africa and the Middle East. In 1981 the holding company Swissair Participation SA was created to run the nonairline subsidiaries, including hotel, restaurant, airline catering, real ...
- Swisscom
- (from the article "Switzerland") The telecommunications sector was long dominated by Telecom PTT (renamed Swisscom in 1997), which enjoyed a legal government monopoly. However, during the late 1990s Swisscom, which is still partly government owned, lost its monopoly, and the sector was liberalized and opened to free competition. The telecommunications sector, regulated by the ...
- Swisshelm, Jane Grey
- American journalist and abolitionist who countered vocal and sometimes physical opposition to her publications supporting women's rights and decrying slavery.
- switch grass
- (from the article "panicum") ...United States for forage, hog feed, and birdseed. Guinea grass (P. maximum), a tall African plant, also is cultivated for forage, especially in tropical America and southern North America. Switch grass (P. virgatum) is an erect, tough perennial, 1 to 2 m (about 3 to 6 12 feet) tall, that ...
- switch selling
- (from the article "consumer advocacy") Another technique used in direct sales is that of switch selling, or "bait and switch." The salesperson attracts buyers by placing an advertisement offering a domestic article at a remarkably low price; this is known as the bait. Inquirers are personally visited by a salesperson, who, from the outset, makes ...
- Switchback Railway
- (from the article "roller coaster") ...Thompson, the "Father of the Gravity Ride," had opened a 600-foot (183-metre) switchback railway at Coney Island. With a top speed of 6 miles (9 km) per hour, Thompson's ride, called the Switchback Railway, was little more than a leisurely gravity-powered tour of the beach there. Still, its popularity enabled ...
- switchboard
- (from the article "telephone and telephone system") ...wires between all the instruments. In 1878 the first telephone exchange was installed in New Haven, Conn., permitting up to 21 customers to reach one another by means of a manually operated central switchboard. The manual switchboard was quickly extended from 21 lines to hundreds of lines. Each line was ...
- switched communications network
- (from the article "telecommunications network") A switched communications network transfers data from source to destination through a series of network nodes. Switching can be done in one of two ways. In a circuit-switched network, a dedicated physical path is established through the network and is held for as long as communication is necessary. An example ...
- switching
- in communications, equipment and techniques for enabling any station in a communications system to be connected with any other station. Switching is an essential component of telephone, telegraph, data-processing, and other technologies in which it is necessary to deal rapidly with large amounts of information. [7 Related Articles]
- switching centre
- (from the article "electronics") Given the fact that communication signals arrive at a central switching office in optical form, it has been attractive to consider switching them from one route to another by optical means rather than electrically, as is done today. The distances between central offices in most cases are substantially shorter than ...
- Swithun, Saint
- celebrated Anglo-Saxon saint, bishop of Winchester, and royal counselor whose name is still associated with an old meteorological superstition. He served as counselor to kings Egbert and Aethelwulf of the West Saxons. On Oct. 30?, 852, he was consecrated bishop of Winchester. Nothing else is reliably known of his life.
- Switzer, Kathy
- (from the article "Boston Marathon") ...less than 3 hours. The race length was increased to its current distance in 1927. In 1966 Roberta Gibb became the first woman to complete the race, though she ran without an official number. In 1967 Kathy Switzer, who had given her name as K.V. Switzer on the race application, ...
- Switzerland
- federated country of central Europe. Switzerland's administrative capital is Bern, while Lausanne serves as its judicial centre. Switzerland's small size-its total area is about half that of Scotland-and its modest population give little indication of its international significance. [85 Related Articles]
- Switzerland, flag of
- national flag consisting of a white cross on a red field. In keeping with heraldic tradition, Swiss flags on land are square in proportion.
- Switzerland, history of
- (from the article "Switzerland") Switzerland's history is one of a medieval defensive league formed during a time and in an area lacking imperial authority. The different cantons (traditionally called Orte in German) were to a large extent independent states that remained united through the shared defense of liberty, which was understood ...
- swivel system
- (from the article "textile") A mechanical process closely corresponding to hand brocading is called swivel, a system of figuring fabrics by using mechanically controlled pattern shuttles. The figures, inserted between ground-weft picks, interlace with the warp. The lappet system produces figured fabrics resembling those made by swivel figuring, but the pattern yarns are extra ...
- swollen shoot
- (from the article "cacao") ...West Indies include witches' broom and monilia pod rot. Asian cacao trees are affected by a fungus that causes the tree to dry out, starting from the branch tips-a condition called dieback. Swollen shoot is a viral disease transmitted to the plant by mealybugs that has devastated Ghanaian and Nigerian ...
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