| | - parikalpita-svabhava
- (from the article "trisvabhava") (1) Parikalpita-svabhava ("the form produced from conceptual construction"), generally accepted as true by common understanding or by convention of the unenlightened.
- Parilia
- ancient Roman festival celebrated annually on April 21 in honour of the god and goddess Pales, the protectors of flocks and herds. The festival, basically a purification rite for herdsmen, beasts, and stalls, was at first celebrated by the early kings of Rome, later by the pontifex maximus, or chief ...
- Parima Mountains
- range in northern Brazil and southern Venezuela. It is an outlying range of the Guiana Highlands and extends south-southeastward for about 200 miles (320 km), separating Venezuela from Brazil. Its peaks, largely unexplored, reach an elevation of 5,000 feet (1,500 metres) above sea level. [1 Related Articles]
- Parini, Giuseppe
- Italian prose writer and poet remembered for a series of beautifully written Horatian odes and particularly for Il giorno, (4 books, 1763-1801; The Day), a satiric poem on the selfishness and superficiality of the Milanese aristocracy. [1 Related Articles]
- parinirvana
- (from the article "Uttar Pradesh") ...Sarnath near Varanasi and founded a religion that spread not only across India but also to many distant lands, such as China and Japan. The Buddha is said to have attained parinirvana (freedom of spirit brought about by release from the body) at Kusinagara, located in the eastern district of ...
- parinispanna-svabhava
- (from the article "trisvabhava") (3) Parinispanna-svabhava ("the form perfectly attained"), the ultimate truth of transcendental emptiness (sunyata).
- Parintintin
- (from the article "Kawaib") The Parintintin economy was typical of the tropical forest, combining agriculture with hunting, gathering, and especially fishing. The Parintintin were, however, continually at war with all outsiders; they were cannibals as well as headhunters. They fought with the Munduruku, Brazilian colonists, and the Piraha until they made peace in 1922, ...
- Paris
- in Greek legend, son of King Priam of Troy and his wife, Hecuba. A dream regarding his birth was interpreted as an evil portent, and he was consequently expelled from his family as an infant. Left for dead, he was either nursed by a bear or found by shepherds. He ... [4 Related Articles]
- Paris
- city, seat of Bourbon county, north-central Kentucky, U.S. It lies on the South Fork Licking River, about 15 miles (24 km) northeast of Lexington, in the Bluegrass region. First settled about 1775, it was founded as Hopewell (1789) and may have been called Bourbontown before it was renamed Paris (1790) ...
- Paris
- city, seat (1844) of Lamar county, northeastern Texas, U.S., on a ridge between the Red and Sulphur rivers, some 105 miles (170 km) northeast of Dallas. Laid out in 1845 and named for Paris, France, it developed after the arrival of the railroad in 1876. The city was replanned after ...
- Paris
- city and capital of France, located in the north-central part of the country. People were living on the site of the present-day city, located along the Seine River some 233 miles (375 km) upstream from the river's mouth on the English Channel (La Manche), by about 7600 BC. The modern ... [53 Related Articles]
- Paris
- (from the article "Romeo and Juliet") ...Prince of Verona, who has been insistent that the family feuding cease. When Juliet's father, unaware that Juliet is already secretly married, arranges a marriage with the eminently eligible Count Paris, the young bride seeks out Friar Laurence for assistance in her desperate situation. He gives her a potion that ...
- Paris anarchists
- (from the article "anarchism") Significant anarchist activity in China itself did not begin until after the Chinese Revolution (1911-12). Chinese anarchists educated in Paris (the so-called "Paris anarchists") returned to Beijing and immediately became involved in the reform of education and culture. Convinced of the need for social revolution, the Paris anarchists argued in ...
- Paris Basin
- geographic region of France, constituting the lowland area around Paris. Geologically it is the centre of a structural depression that extends between the ancient Armoricain Massif (west), the Massif Central (south), and the Vosges, Ardennes, and Rhineland (east). The area, which forms the heartland of France, is drained largely by ... [4 Related Articles]
- Paris Club
- (from the article "Nigeria") Record crude oil prices in 2006 helped Nigeria to become the first African state to pay off its debt to the Paris Club of rich lenders. Although Nigeria still owed about $5 billion to the World Bank and other private-sector lenders, a write-off of $18 billion in October 2005 and ...
- Paris Codex
- one of the very few texts of the pre-Conquest Maya known to have survived the book burnings by the Spanish clergy during the 16th century (others include the Madrid, Dresden, and Grolier codices). Its Latin name comes from the name Perez, which was written on the torn wrappings of the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Paris Conference
- (from the article "international relations") ...bill of 230,000,000,000 gold marks, although the British warned that this was far beyond Germany's capacity to pay. But when German foreign minister Walter Simons offered a mere 30,000,000,000 (Paris Conference, February 1921), French Premier Aristide Briand and Lloyd George made a show of force, seizing in March the Ruhr ...
- Paris Conservatoire
- (from the article "Berlioz, Hector") ...him the most appeal and authority. His musical vocation had become so clear in his mind that he contrived to be accepted as a pupil of Jean-Francois Lesueur, professor of composition at the Paris Conservatoire. This led to disagreements between Berlioz and his parents that embittered nearly eight years of ...
- Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property of 1883
- (from the article "trademark") Although each nation has its own trademark law, there are increasingly multinational efforts to ease registration and enforcement practices. The first international agreement was the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property of 1883, which has been regularly revised ever since. It sets minimum standards for trademark protection and ...
- Paris Exhibition of 1867
- (from the article "Eiffel, Gustave") ...in metal construction, especially bridges. He directed the erection of an iron bridge at Bordeaux in 1858, followed by several others, and designed the lofty, arched Gallery of Machines for the Paris Exhibition of 1867. In 1877 he bridged the Douro River at Oporto, Port., with a 525-foot (160-metre) steel ...
- Paris Gun
- any of several long-range cannon produced by the German arms manufacturer Krupp in 1917-18 during World War I. The guns were so called because they were specially built to shell Paris at a range, never before attained, of approximately 121 km (75 miles). [2 Related Articles]
- Paris I-XIII, Universities of
- universities founded in 1970 under France's 1968 Orientation Act, reforming higher education. They replaced the former University of Paris, one of the archetypal European universities, founded about 1170. [18 Related Articles]
- Paris Metro
- (from the article "Paris") ...and extended since the early 1970s. The underground rail network is now regarded as being among the finest of the world's major cities. Trains on the principal lines of the Metropolitain (Metro) subway system, first opened in 1900, are fast and frequent. Over many years, lines have been extended into ...
- Paris motet
- (from the article "music, Western") ...Latin tenere, "to hold"). Later in the 13th century the added words were in French and secular in nature. Finally, each added part was given its own text, resulting in the classic Paris motet: a three-part composition consisting of a portion of plainchant (tenor) overlaid with two faster moving parts, ...
- Paris Observatory
- national astronomical observatory of France, under the direction of the Academy of Sciences. It was founded by Louis XIV at the instigation of J.-B. Colbert, and construction at the site in Paris began in 1667. Gian Domenico Cassini was the first of four generations of his family to hold the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Paris Olympic Games
- (from the article "Olympic Games") The second modern Olympic competition was relegated to a sideshow of the World Exhibition, which was being held in Paris in the summer of 1900. Pierre, baron de Coubertin, founder of the modern Olympics and president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), lost control of his hometown Games to the ...
- Paris Olympic Games
- (from the article "Olympic Games") The 1924 Games represented a coming of age for the Olympics. Held in Paris in tribute to the baron de Coubertin, the retiring president of the IOC and founder of the Olympic movement, the Games featured a high calibre of competition. International federations had gained more influence over their respective ...
- Paris Opera
- opera company in Paris that for more than two centuries was the chief performer of serious operas and musical dramas in the French language. It is one of the most venerable operatic institutions in the world. [7 Related Articles]
- Paris Opera Ballet
- ballet company established in France in 1661 by Louis XIV as the Royal Academy of Dance (Academie Royale de Danse) and amalgamated with the Royal Academy of Music in 1672. As part of the Theatre National de l'Opera, the company dominated European theatrical dance of the 18th and early 19th ... [10 Related Articles]
- Paris Peace Accords
- (from the article "Laos") An agreement negotiated in January 1973 by the United States and North Vietnam at Paris called for a cease-fire in each of the countries of mainland Southeast Asia, but only in Laos was there peace. In February, just a month following the agreement, the Laotian factions signed the Vientiane Agreement, ...
- Paris Peace Conference
- (1919-20), the meeting that inaugurated the international settlement after World War I. [32 Related Articles]
- Paris Postal Conference
- (from the article "postal system") The first practical step toward reform did not come until May 1863, when the delegates of 15 European and American postal administrations met at the Paris Postal Conference, convening at the suggestion of the U.S. postmaster general. The conference established important general principles for the simplification of procedures, which were ...
- Paris Psalter
- (from the article "painting, Western") Two magnificent manuscripts of this period survive: the Paris Psalter and a book of sermons (Homilies of St. Gregory of Nazianzus), both in the Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris. The former contains 14 full-page miniatures in a grand, almost classical style, which led scholars at one time to date it to the ...
- Paris Summit
- (from the article "international relations") ...The Chinese observer at a Warsaw Pact meeting in February 1960 declared in advance that any arms agreements reached at the U.S.-Soviet summit would not be binding on Peking. On the eve of the Paris summit an American U-2 spy plane was shot down over the U.S.S.R. When Eisenhower refused ...
- Paris ware
- faience (tin-glazed earthenware) and porcelain ware produced in the Paris region from the 16th century. The hard-paste-porcelain industry in Paris owed its existence to a breach in the Sevres porcelain monopoly after 1766. The major factories were under the protection or ownership of high-ranking noblemen, just as Sevres was under ...
- Paris, Banque Nationale de
- (from the article "BNP Paribas") French banking, financial services, and insurance company created through the 1999 merger of Banque Nationale de Paris (BNP) and Paribas. Its headquarters are in Paris.
- Paris, Charter of
- (from the article "Security and Co-operation in Europe, Organization for") ...between the Western and Soviet blocs in Europe. The number of members was reduced from 35 to 34 by the reunification of Germany that October. The Paris summit was marked by the adoption of a Charter of Paris for a New Europe, which expanded the organization's role and established permanent ...
- Paris, Commune of
- (from the article "Chaumette, Pierre-Gaspard") ...Paris as a medical student by 1790. As an active Revolutionary he signed the petition (July 17, 1791) that demanded the abdication of Louis XVI. From December 1792 he was procurator-general of the Paris Commune, in which capacity he improved conditions in the hospitals; organized decent burial for the poor; ...
- Paris, Commune of
- (1871), insurrection of Paris against the French government from March 18 to May 28, 1871. It occurred in the wake of France's defeat in the Franco-German War and the collapse of Napoleon III's Second Empire (1852-70). [11 Related Articles]
- Paris, Council of
- (from the article "Chlotar II") Chlotar enjoyed a high reputation among churchmen, relations with whom were regulated in a wide-ranging edict, issued at the Council of Paris in October 614, intended to settle the problems arising from the long years of turmoil. He made contact with the Irish missionary and monastic reformer St. Columban and ...
- Paris, Gaston
- greatest French philologist of his age. [1 Related Articles]
- Paris, Matthew
- English Benedictine monk and chronicler, known largely only through his voluminous and detailed writings, which constitute one of the most important sources of knowledge of events in Europe between 1235 and 1259. [2 Related Articles]
- Paris, Peace of
- (1783), collection of treaties concluding the American Revolution and signed by representatives of Great Britain on one side and the United States, France, and Spain on the other. Preliminary articles (often called the Preliminary Treaty of Paris) were signed at Paris between Britain and the United States on November 30, ... [7 Related Articles]
- Paris, Peace of
- (from the article "Italy") The French campaign in Italy, which assured the political future of Napoleon Bonaparte, began in March 1796. According to the Peace of Paris (May 15, 1796), King Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia-Piedmont was forced to cede Savoy and Nice to France and to grant safe passage to the French armies. ...
- Paris, Philippe d'Orleans, comte de
- pretender to the French throne after the death of Louis-Philippe (1850). The death of his father, Ferdinand, Duke d'Orleans, son and heir of King Louis-Philippe, in 1842 made the young Philippe heir to the throne and the candidate of the Orleanists. The title of Count de Paris was created for ...
- Paris, Siege of
- (from the article "France") ...of war as well, he threw himself into the task of improvising military resistance. His task was complicated by the advance of the Prussian forces, which, by September 23, surrounded and besieged Paris. Gambetta shortly left the city by balloon to join several members of the government at Tours. During ...
- Paris, Treaties of
- (1814-15), two treaties signed at Paris respectively in 1814 and 1815 that ended the Napoleonic Wars. The treaty signed on May 30, 1814, was between France on the one side and the Allies (Austria, Great Britain, Prussia, Russia, Sweden, and Portugal) on the other. (Spain made the same treaty with ...
- Paris, Treaties of
- (from the article "Paris, Treaties of") (1919-20), collectively the peace settlements concluding World War I and signed at sites around Paris. See Versailles, Treaty of (signed June 28, 1919); Saint-Germain, Treaty of (Sept. 10, 1919); Neuilly, Treaty of (Nov. 27, 1919); Trianon, Treaty of (June 4, 1920); and Sevres, Treaty of (Aug. 10, 1920). See also ...
- Paris, Treaty of
- (from the article "Albigenses") ...the Albigensian Crusade, which threw the whole of the nobility of the north of France against that of the south and destroyed the brilliant Provencal civilization, ended, politically, in the Treaty of Paris (1229), which destroyed the independence of the princes of the south but did not extinguish the heresy, ...
- Paris, Treaty of
- (1763), treaty concluding the Franco-British conflicts of the Seven Years' War (called the French and Indian War in North America) and signed by representatives of Great Britain and Hanover on one side and France and Spain on the other, with Portugal expressly understood to be included. It was signed in ... [19 Related Articles]
- Paris, Treaty of
- (from the article "international agreement") ...is used to describe the type of treaty structure developed originally by six western European states: France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg. The first treaty was that of Paris, signed in 1951, establishing the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC); the second, the Rome treaty, signed in 1957, ...
|
|
