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native element ... Nauru: Year in Review 2000

native element any of a number of chemical elements that may occur in nature uncombined with other elements. The elements that occur as atmospheric gasses are excluded. Native Son novel by Richard Wright, published in 1940. The novel addresses the issue of white American society's responsibility for the repression of blacks. The plot charts the decline of Bigger Thomas, a young African American imprisoned for two murders-the accidental smothering of his white employer's daughter and the deliberate killing of ... Nativity a theme in Christian art depicting the newborn Jesus with the Virgin Mary and other figures, following descriptions of Christ's birth in the Gospels and Apocrypha. An old and popular subject with a complicated iconography, the Nativity was first represented in the 4th century, carved on Early Christian Roman sarcophagi, ... NATO at 50: Year in Review 2000 Since the end of the Cold War, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has revamped its military structure, strategy, and membership while seeking to define its new role in a changed Europe. A festive summit was planned for April 1999 in Washington, D.C., to celebrate the 50th anniversary of NATO's ... Natorp, Paul German Neo-Kantian philosopher, who represented the Marburg school in the philosophy of science and inquired particularly into its necessary presuppositions after the fashion of Kantian "transcendental logic." He wrote Die logischen Grundlagen der exakten Wissenschaft (1910; "The Logical Bases of Exact Science"). natrolite hydrated sodium aluminosilicate mineral, Na2Al2Si3O102H2O, in the zeolite family. It has been found in the form of colourless or white, glassy, slender crystals or fibrous masses filling cavities or fissures in basaltic rocks, as in Trentino, Italy; Brevik, Nor.; Belfast, N.Ire.; the Faroe Islands; and northeastern New Jersey, U.S. Natrolite ... Natron, Lake lake in northern Tanzania on the border with Kenya, lying in the East African Rift System, 70 miles (113 km) northwest of Arusha. The lake is 35 miles (56 km) long and 15 miles (24 km) wide and contains salt, soda, and magnesite deposits. The lake's warm water is an ... Natsume Soseki outstanding Japanese novelist of the Meiji period and the first to ably depict the plight of the alienated modern Japanese intellectual. Natta, Giulio Italian chemist who contributed to the development of high polymers useful in the manufacture of films, plastics, fibres, and synthetic rubber. Along with Karl Ziegler of Germany, he was honoured in 1963 with the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for the development of Ziegler-Natta catalysts. Nattier, Jean-Marc French Rococo painter noted for his portraits of the ladies of King Louis XV's court in classical mythological attire. Natufian culture Mesolithic culture of Palestine and southern Syria dating from about 9000 BC. Mainly hunters, the Natufians supplemented their diet by gathering wild grain; they likely did not cultivate it. They had sickles of flint blades set in straight bone handles for harvesting grain and stone mortars and pestles for grinding ... Natural Bridge natural limestone arch, Rockbridge county, western Virginia, U.S., 20 miles (32 km) south of Lexington near the village of Natural Bridge and the northern portion of Jefferson National Forest. The arch, spanning a gorge cut by Cedar Creek, is 215 feet (66 metres) high, 90 feet (27 metres) long, and ... natural bridge naturally created arch formation resembling a bridge. Most natural bridges are erosion features that occur in massive, horizontally bedded sandstone or limestone. Some bridges, such as the Natural Bridge near Lexington, Va., are formed by the collapse of a cavern's roof that may leave remnant portions as bridges. Others may ... Natural Bridges National Monument scenic area in southeastern Utah, U.S., containing three natural sandstone bridges. The bridges were carved by two winding streams that formed on the western slopes of Elk Ridge, a formation of the northwestern Colorado Plateau. Established in 1908, the monument lies 42 miles (68 km) west of Blanding and occupies ... natural childbirth any of the systems of managing parturition in which the need for anesthesia, sedation, or surgery is largely eliminated by physical and psychological conditioning. Until the early 20th century, the term natural childbirth was thought of as synonymous with normal childbirth. In 1933 the British obstetrician Grantly Dick-Read wrote a ... natural fibre any hairlike raw material directly obtainable from an animal, vegetable, or mineral source and convertible into nonwoven fabrics such as felt or paper or, after spinning into yarns, into woven cloth. A natural fibre may be further defined as an agglomeration of cells in which the diameter is negligible in ... natural gas colourless, highly flammable gaseous hydrocarbon consisting primarily of methane and ethane. It is a type of petroleum that commonly occurs in association with crude oil. Natural gas is often found dissolved in oil at the high pressures existing in a reservoir, and it can be present as a gas cap ... Natural History encyclopaedic scientific work of dubious accuracy by Pliny the Elder, completed in 77 CE as Naturae historiae and conventionally known as Naturalis historia. Natural History Museum British natural science museum that has national and international responsibilities for taxonomic and associated research based on its outstanding collection of specimens and its extensive libraries. It is located near the Victoria and Albert Museum and the Science Museum in South Kensington, London. natural law in philosophy, a system of right or justice held to be common to all humans and derived from nature rather than from the rules of society, or positive law. natural resources law complex body of national and local laws, having both statutory and common-law components, that regulate the use and protection of natural resources. natural selection process that results in the adaptation of an organism to its environment by means of selectively reproducing changes in its genotype, or genetic constitution. Natural, The first novel by Bernard Malamud, published in 1952. The story of gifted athlete Roy Hobbs and his talismanic bat "Wonderboy" is counted among the finest baseball novels. It is at heart a fable that loosely follows the Holy Grail myth. naturalism in literature and the visual arts, late 19th- and early 20th-century movement that was inspired by adaptation of the principles and methods of natural science, especially the Darwinian view of nature, to literature and art. In literature it extended the tradition of realism, aiming at an even more faithful, unselective ... naturalism in philosophy, a theory that relates scientific method to philosophy by affirming that all beings and events in the universe (whatever their inherent character may be) are natural. Consequently, all knowledge of the universe falls within the pale of scientific investigation. Although naturalism denies the existence of truly supernatural realities, ... naturalistic fallacy Fallacy of treating the term "good" (or any equivalent term) as if it were the name of a natural property. In 1903 G.E. Moore presented in Principia Ethica his "open-question argument" against what he called the naturalistic fallacy, with the aim of proving that "good" is the name of a ... naturalization the act of investing an alien with the status of a national in a given state; it may be accomplished as the result of voluntary application, special legislative direction, marriage to a citizen, or parental action. Naturalization may also occur when one's home territory is annexed by a foreign power, ... Nature Conservancy nonprofit organization dedicated to environmental conservation and the preservation of biodiversity. It operates the largest private system of nature sanctuaries in the world. Founded in 1951 in Washington, D.C., it owns and manages more than 1,500 preserves throughout the United States, which comprise more than 9 million acres (3.8 million ... nature reserve area set aside for the purpose of preserving certain animals, plants, or both. A nature reserve differs from a national park (q.v.) usually in being smaller and having as its sole purpose the protection of nature. nature worship system of religion based on the veneration of natural phenomena-for example, celestial objects such as the sun and moon and terrestrial objects such as water and fire. nature, law of in logic, a stated regularity in the relations or order of phenomena in the world that holds, under a stipulated set of conditions, either universally or in a stated proportion of instances. For the philosophical law of nature, see natural law. Natyashastra detailed treatise and handbook on dramatic art that deals with all aspects of classical Sanskrit theatre. It is believed to have been written by the mythic Brahman sage and priest Bharata (1st century BCE-3rd century CE). nauarch in ancient Greece, an admiral or supreme commander of the navy, used as an official title primarily in Sparta in the late 5th and early 4th centuries BC. The Spartan nauarch could hold office only once, for a period of one year, and being subject to the highest magistrates, the ... Naude, Gabriel French physician and librarian, considered the first important theoretician of modern library organization. His treatise, Advis pour dresser une bibliotheque (1627; Advice on Establishing a Library), was the first important study of library science. Naugatuck town (township) and borough, New Haven county, southwestern Connecticut, U.S. It lies along the Naugatuck River just south of Waterbury. Naughton, Bill Irish-born British playwright who is best remembered for a series of working-class comedies he wrote in the 1960s, most notably Alfie (1963; filmed 1966), an episodic, unsentimental tale of an egocentric Cockney womanizer. Naujan Lake lake on the northeastern coastal plain of Mindoro, Philippines. It is the Philippines' fifth largest lake, with an area of 30 square miles (79 square km). The lake is 8.5 miles (14 km) long and 4 miles (6 km) wide and is a productive freshwater fishing site. It is the ... Naukratis ancient Greek settlement in the Nile River delta, on the Canopic (western) branch of the river. An emporion ("trading station") with exclusive trading rights in Egypt, Naukratis was the centre of cultural relations between Greece and Egypt in the pre-Hellenistic period. The station was established by Milesians in the 7th ... naumachia in ancient Rome, a mimic sea battle and the specially constructed basin in which such a battle sometimes took place. These entertainments also took place in flooded amphitheatres. The opposing sides were prisoners of war or convicts, who fought until one side was destroyed. Nauman, Bruce American artist whose work in a broad range of mediums has made him a major figure in conceptual art. Naumann, Friedrich political and social theorist, publicist, and reformer who became one of the most influential partisans of German liberalism combined with imperialism. Naumburg city, Saxony-Anhalt Land (state), east-central Germany. It lies along the Saale River, near the mouth of the Unstrut River, southwest of Halle. Founded by the margraves of Meissen about the year 1000, Naumburg was granted to the bishop of Zeitz when he transferred his seat there in 1028. It received ... Nauplia chief town of the nomos (department) of Argolis, in the Peloponnese, Greece, at the head of the Gulf of Argolis (Argolikos Kolpos). The port, southeast of Argos, sits on the north slope of twin crags; Itche (or Its) Kale (279 feet [85 m]), the western crag, forms a small peninsula ... Naur, Peter Danish astronomer and computer scientist and winner of the 2005 A.M. Turing Award, the highest honour in computer science, for "fundamental contributions to programming language design and the definition of Algol 60, to compiler design, and to the art and practice of computer programming." Nauru: Year in Review 1994 An island republic within the Commonwealth, Nauru lies in the Pacific Ocean about 1,900 km (1,200 mi) east of New Guinea. Area: 21 sq km (8 sq mi). Pop. (1993 est.): 10,000. Cap.: Government offices in Yaren district. Monetary unit: Australian dollar, with (Oct. 4, 1993) a free rate of ... Nauru: Year in Review 1995 An island republic within the Commonwealth, Nauru lies in the Pacific Ocean about 1,900 km (1,200 mi) east of New Guinea. Area: 21 sq km (8 sq mi). Pop. (1994 est.): 10,200. Cap.: Government offices in Yaren district. Monetary unit: Australian dollar, with (Oct. 7, 1994) a free rate of ... Nauru: Year in Review 1996 An island republic within the Commonwealth, Nauru lies in the Pacific Ocean about 1,900 km (1,200 mi) east of New Guinea. Area: 21 sq km (8 sq mi). Pop. (1995 est.): 10,400. Cap.: Government offices in Yaren district. Monetary unit: Australian dollar, with (Oct. 6, 1995) a free rate of ... Nauru: Year in Review 1997 An island republic within the Commonwealth, Nauru lies in the Pacific Ocean about 1,900 km (1,200 mi) east of New Guinea. Area: 21 sq km (8 sq mi). Pop. (1996 est.): 10,600. Cap.: Government offices in Yaren district. Monetary unit: Australian dollar, with (Oct. 11, 1996) a free rate of ... Nauru: Year in Review 1998 Area: 21.2 sq km (8.2 sq mi) Nauru: Year in Review 1999 Area: 21.2 sq km (8.2 sq mi) Nauru: Year in Review 2000 On Jan. 15, 1999, the Asian Development Bank made its first loan agreement with Nauru, providing technical assistance grants in return for local measures to reduce government spending on public utilities. Pres. Bernard Dowiyogo, in his fifth term as president of the tiny Pacific nation, lost office after a no-confidence ...