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Lynn, Loretta ... Lytton, Victor Alexander George Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 2nd Earl of, Viscount Knebworth Of Knebworth, 3rd Baron Lytton Of Knebworth
Lynn, Loretta
American country music singer who was known as the "Queen of Country."
Lynn, Vera
English singer whose sentimental material and wholesome stage persona endeared her to the public during World War II. Broadcasts of her songs of love and longing were particularly resonant with members of the military fighting abroad, which led to her nickname, "the forces' sweetheart."
lynnhaven
edible variety of oyster (q.v.).
Lynton and Lynmouth
town ("parish"), North Devon district, administrative and historic county of Devon, England. Lynmouth lies at the mouth of the East Lyn and West Lyn rivers, and Lynton stands on the cliff 500 feet (150 metres) above. Lynmouth's small harbour on the Bristol Channel, with its Rhenish tower, was reconstructed after ...
Lynx
constellation in the northern sky at about 8 hours right ascension and 50 north in declination. Its brightest star is Alpha Lyncis, with a magnitude of 3.2. Polish astronomer Johannes Hevelius invented this constellation in 1687. Since all the stars in the constellation are quite faint, Hevelius wrote that its ...
lynx
short-tailed cats (family Felidae), found in the forests of Europe, Asia, and northern North America.
lynx spider
any of several groups of active spiders (order Araneida) that do not build a nest or web but capture their prey by pouncing upon them. Lynx spiders are distributed worldwide and in North America are most common in southern regions. The eyes are arranged in a hexagon, and the abdomen ...
Lynyrd Skynyrd
American rock band that rose to prominence during the Southern rock boom of the 1970s on the strength of its triple-guitar attack and gritty, working-class attitude. The principal members were Ronnie Van Zant (b. January 15, 1949, Jacksonville, Florida, U.S., -d. October 20, 1977, Gillsburg, Mississippi, ), Gary Rossington (b. ...
Lyon
capital of both the Rhone departement and the Rhone-Alpes region, east-central France, set on a hilly site at the confluence of the Rhone and Saone rivers. A Roman military colony called Lugdunum was founded there in 43 BC, and it subsequently became the capital of the Gauls. Lyon reached its ...
Lyon
county, west-central Nevada, U.S., southeast of Reno and east and southeast of Carson City. It is a region of arid hills, mountains, and valleys, with part of Toiyabe National Forest in the south, on the California border. The county seat is Yerington, the trading centre of the Mason Valley, which ...
Lyon faience
tin-glazed earthenware produced at Lyon, from the 16th century to 1770. Originally made by Italian potters, 16th-century Lyon faience remained close to its Italian prototype, the so-called istoriato Urbino maiolica, the subjects of which are either historical, mythological, or biblical. Such, for instance, is a large, circular dish (British Museum) ...
Lyon, Corneille de
highly reputed portrait painter of 16th-century France, few of whose works have survived.
Lyon, councils of
13th and 14th ecumenical councils of the Roman Catholic Church. In 1245 Pope Innocent IV fled to Lyon from the besieged city of Rome. Having convened a general council attended by only about 150 bishops, the Pope renewed the church's excommunication of the Holy Roman emperor Frederick II and declared ...
Lyon, Mary
American pioneer in the field of higher education for women and founder and first principal of Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, the forerunner of Mount Holyoke College.
Lyonia
genus of about 35 species of shrubs, of the heath family (Ericaceae), notable for its attractive white or pinkish flowers and dense foliage. All occur in North America, the Caribbean, and Asia. The leaves are alternate, have short stalks, and are smooth-edged or finely toothed; they may be deciduous or ...
Lyonnais
historical and cultural region encompassing the eastern French departements of Loire and Rhone and coextensive with the former province of Lyonnais.
Lyonnesse
mythical "lost" land supposed once to have connected Cornwall in the west of England with the Scilly Isles lying in the English Channel. The name Lyonnesse first appeared in Sir Thomas Malory's late 15th-century prose account of the rise and fall of King Arthur, Le Morte Darthur, in which it ...
Lyonnet, Pierre
Dutch naturalist and engraver famed for his skillful dissections and illustrations of insect anatomy.
Lyons, Joseph Aloysius
Australian statesman who helped form the United Australia Party in 1931. As prime minister (1931-39), he saw the nation's economic recovery from the Great Depression and increased defense activity.
Lyot, Bernard
French astronomer who invented the coronagraph (1930), an instrument which allows the observation of the solar corona when the Sun is not in eclipse.
Lyotard, Jean-Francois
French philosopher and leading figure in the intellectual movement known as postmodernism.
Lyra
constellation in the northern sky at about 18 hours right ascension and 40 north in declination. Its brightest star is Vega, the fifth brightest star in the sky, with a magnitude of 0.03. With the bright stars Deneb and Altair, Vega is part of the prominent asterism of the Summer ...
lyre
stringed musical instrument having a yoke, or two arms and a crossbar, projecting out from and level with the body. The strings run from a tailpiece on the bottom or front of the instrument to the crossbar. Most lyres are plucked, but a few are bowed. Box lyres are instruments ...
Lyre of Orpheus, The
novel by Robertson Davies, published in 1988. The book is the third in the so-called Cornish trilogy, which also includes The Rebel Angels (1981) and What's Bred in the Bone (1985). This fable about the nature of artistic creation has two major plot lines. One thread concerns the production of ...
lyrebird
either of two species of Australian birds (family Menuridae, order Passeriformes) named for the shape of their tail when spread in courtship display. The name also aptly suggests a musician. Inhabiting forests of southeastern Australia, lyrebirds are ground dwellers, and their brown bodies rather resemble those of chickens. In the ...
lyretail
any of a half dozen species of fishes in the genus Aphyosemion of the family Cyprinodontidae (order Atheriniformes). All are freshwater species of tropical Africa. They attain lengths of five centimetres (two inches). Female lyretails are drab olive or beige, but the males are brilliantly speckled and spotted with reds, ...
lyric
a verse or poem that is, or supposedly is, susceptible of being sung to the accompaniment of a musical instrument (in ancient times, usually a lyre) or that expresses intense personal emotion in a manner suggestive of a song. Lyric poetry expresses the thoughts and feelings of the poet and ...
Lyrical Ballads
collection of poems, first published in 1798 by Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsworth, the appearance of which is often designated by scholars as a signal of the beginning of English Romanticism. The work included Coleridge's "Rime of the Ancient Mariner" and Wordsworth's "Tintern Abbey," as well as many controversial ...
Lysacek, Evan
American figure skater who won the men's figure skating gold medal at the 2010 Winter Olympic Games in Vancouver.
Lysander
Greek military and political leader who won the final victory for Sparta in the Peloponnesian War and, at its close, wielded great power throughout Greece.
Lysenko, Trofim Denisovich
Soviet biologist and agronomist, the controversial "dictator" of Communistic biology during Stalin's regime. He rejected orthodox genetics in favour of "Michurinism" (named for the Russian horticulturist I.V. Michurin), which was begun by an uneducated plant breeder fashioning explanations for his hybrid creations. After Michurin's death in 1935, Lysenko led the ...
Lysias
Greek professional speech writer, whose unpretentious simplicity became the model for a plain style of Attic Greek.
Lysicrates, Monument of
only extant example of the ancient Greek architectural structure known as the choragic monument. For architects in the 18th century, the Monument of Lysicrates, located in Athens, was a common inspiration for decorative detail.
Lysimachus
Macedonian general, satrap (provincial governor), and king who, as one of the diadochoi ("successors") to Alexander the Great, came to rule strategic parts of the divided Macedonian Empire.
lysine
an amino acid released in the hydrolysis of many common proteins but present in small amounts or lacking in certain plant proteins; e.g., gliadin from wheat, zein from corn (maize). First isolated from casein (1889), lysine is one of several so-called essential amino acids for warm-blooded animals; i.e., they cannot ...
Lysippus
Greek sculptor, head of the school at Argos and Sicyon in the time of Philip of Macedon and especially active during the reign of Philip's son Alexander the Great (336-323 BC). Lysippus was famous for the new and slender proportions of his figures and for their lifelike naturalism.
Lysis Of Tarentum
Greek philosopher and member of the Pythagorean school in southern Italy.
Lysistrata
comedy by Aristophanes, produced in 411 BCE. Lysistrata depicts the seizure of the Athenian Acropolis and of the treasury of Athens by the city's women. At the instigation of the witty and determined Lysistrata, they have banded together with the women of Sparta to declare a ban on sexual contact ...
lysogeny
type of life cycle that takes place when a bacteriophage infects certain types of bacteria. In this process, the genome (the collection of genes in the nucleic acid core of a virus) of the bacteriophage stably integrates into the chromosome of the host bacterium and replicates in concert with it. ...
lysosome
subcellular organelle that is found in all eukaryotic cells and is responsible for the cell's digestion of macromolecules, old cell parts, and microorganisms. Each lysosome is surrounded by a membrane that maintains an acidic environment within the interior via a proton pump. Lysosomes contain a wide variety of hydrolytic enzymes ...
lysozyme
enzyme found in the secretions (tears) of the lacrimal glands of animals and in nasal mucus, gastric secretions, and egg white. Discovered in 1921 by Sir Alexander Fleming, lysozyme catalyzes the breakdown of certain carbohydrates found in the cell walls of certain bacteria (e.g., cocci). It thus functions, in the ...
Lysva
city, Perm kray (territory), Russia. It lies along the Lysva River in the mid-Urals. First recorded in the mid-17th century, the settlement acquired an iron-smelting factory as an economic base in 1785 and became a town in 1926. Its steel industry was modernized after the October Revolution (1917), and the ...
Lysychansk
city, eastern Ukraine, on the Donets River. In 1721 the first discovery of coal in the Donets Basin was made there at the Cossack village of Lisya Balka, which dated from 1710. It was not until 1795, however, that Lysychansk was established as the first coal-mining settlement of the region. ...
Lyttelton
town and port, eastern South Island, New Zealand. It is situated within the Christchurch urban area and on Lyttelton Harbour, an inlet of the southwest Pacific extending 8 miles (13 km) into the north shore of Banks Peninsula. The harbour's entrance is flanked by Godley Head on the north and ...
Lyttelton, George Lyttelton, 1st Baron
British Whig statesman and writer, patron of novelist Henry Fielding and poet James Thomson.
Lyttelton, Humphrey
British trumpeter, clarinetist, bandleader, and composer who was the leading force in English jazz for more than 50 years. In his later years he was perhaps best known as the host of a BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) weekly radio comedy titled I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue. The program, which ...
Lytton Commission
(1931-32), investigation team that was led by V.A.G.R. Bulwer-Lytton, 2nd Earl of Lytton, and was appointed by the League of Nations to determine the cause of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria begun on Sept. 18, 1931.
Lytton, Edward George Earle Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron
British politician, poet, and critic, chiefly remembered, however, as a prolific novelist. His books, though dated, remain immensely readable, and his experiences lend his work an unusual historical interest.
Lytton, Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of, Viscount Knebworth of Knebworth, 2nd Baron Lytton of Knebworth
British diplomat and viceroy of India (1876-80) who also achieved, during his lifetime, a reputation as a poet.
Lytton, Sir Henry Alfred
British comic actor best known for his leading roles in Gilbert and Sullivan operettas. The mainstay of the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company for nearly 30 years, Lytton was so distinguished that his stage jubilee celebration was attended by the British prime minister and his two predecessors.
Lytton, Victor Alexander George Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 2nd Earl of, Viscount Knebworth Of Knebworth, 3rd Baron Lytton Of Knebworth
British governor of Bengal (1922-27) and chairman of the League of Nations mission to Manchuria, which produced the so-called Lytton Report (1932), condemning Japan's aggression there. (See Lytton Commission.)