in ancient Mesopotamian religious literature, a philosophical composition concerned with a man who, seemingly forsaken by the gods, speculates on the changeability of men and fate. The composition, also called the "Poem of the Righteous Sufferer" or the "Babylonian Job," has been likened to the biblical Book of Job. [3 Related Articles]
American writer (b. May 25, 1927, New York, N.Y.-d. March 12, 2001, Naples, Fla.), was a best-selling author of suspense novels; his books sold more than 220 million copies in some 40 countries. After working as an actor and theatrical producer for 20 years, Ludlum wrote his first novel, The ...
Slavic martyr and patron of Bohemia, where she pioneered in establishing Christianity. She was grandmother of St. Wenceslas, the future prince of Bohemia.
(from the article "Borghese Family") In the 19th century, Camillo Fillipo Ludovico (1775-1832) played an important role in Franco-Italian relations. Having married Napoleon's sister Marie Pauline (1803), he reached the rank of general in the army and was named governor of Piedmont (1807). After Napoleon's abdication, he concluded a surrender with the victorious Austrians and ...
(from the article "Southeast Asian arts") Two other types of popular theatre, ketoprak and ludruk, were performed in Java by 150 to 200 professional troupes. Ketoprak, created by a Surakarta court official in 1914, evolved into a spoken drama of Javanese and Islamic history in which the ...
(from the article "backgammon") Precursors of backgammon are among the most ancient of all games and may date from as early as 3000 BC. The ancient Romans played a game, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("Twelve-lined Game"), which was identical, or nearly so, to modern backgammon. The game is still most generally played in the eastern ...
(from the article "canals and inland waterways") ...Gota Canal was opened, crossing the country from the Baltic to the Skagerrak and incorporating 63 locks. The political climate was less favourable for canal building in central Europe, but the Ludwig Canal, forming part of the Rhine-Main-Danube route, was opened in 1840. At the same time, steps were taken ...
(from the article "Main-Danube Canal") ...a tributary of the Danube, and the Schwabische Rezat, a tributary of the Main. Heavy rains caused the banks of the channel to collapse, however, and the project was abandoned. In 1837, under Ludwig I of Bavaria, work began on a canal between Bamberg and Kelheim, following much the same ...
German novelist, playwright, and critic, remembered for his realistic stories, which contributed to the development of the Novelle. He coined the expression poetischer Realismus ("poetic Realism"), later used to describe the writing of many of his contemporaries.
German chocolatier and art collector who amassed one of the world's largest private art collections and helped found a number of art museums, to which he donated or lent pieces from his collection (b. July 9, 1925--d. July 22, 1996).
(from the article "1955: Other Winners") Motion Picture Story: Daniel Fuchs for Love Me or Leave MeStory and Screenplay: William Ludwig and Sonya Levien for Interrupted MelodyAdapted Screenplay: Paddy Chayefsky for MartyCinematography, Black-and-White: James Wong Howe for The Rose TattooCinematography, Color: Robert Burks for...
(from the article "Onagraceae") In wet places, especially in warmer parts of both the Old and New worlds, is another large day-blooming genus, Ludwigia, 75 species of water and marsh plants, mostly of eastern North America, ranging from annual herbs to large shrubs. Some other genera of the family are Boisduvalia; Circaea, enchanter's nightshade, ...
(from the article "Borate minerals") ...Compounds of this type contain both BO3 triangular units and SiO4 tetrahedral units. Among the borate minerals associated with metamorphosed environments are boracite, ludwigite, sussexite, and kotoite.
city, Baden-Wurttemberg Land (state), southwestern Germany. It lies along the Neckar River just north of Stuttgart. Ludwigsburg (its name meaning "Ludwig's Castle") was founded by Duke Eberhard Ludwig of Wurttemberg around his palace (1704-33), the largest Baroque palace in Germany, with 18 main buildings and more than ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Ludwigsburg") ...the largest Baroque palace in Germany, with 18 main buildings and more than 450 rooms. The city was chartered in 1718 and was later enlarged by Duke Charles Eugene. Set in a scenic park, Ludwigsburg Palace contains a portrait gallery of the rulers of Wurttemberg and also their burial vault, ...
faience and porcelain earthenwares made at Ludwigsburg, Wurttemberg (Germany), between 1736 and 1824. One of the best surviving examples of Ludwigsburg faience is a jar decorated with cold gilding and overglaze colours, now in the National Museum of Ceramics, Sevres, France. The factory's painted porcelain figures were more popular than ...
city, Rhineland-Palatinate Land (state), southwestern Germany. Ludwigshafen is a port on the west (left) bank of the Rhine River. Founded in 1606 as a bridgehead (Rheinschanze) opposite Mannheim, it was renamed for King Louis (Ludwig) I of Bavaria in 1843 and was chartered in 1859. The city ...
(from the article "Swaziland") Area: 17,364 sq km (6,704 sq mi) | Population (2007 est.): 1,141,000 | Capitals: Mbabane (administrative and judicial); Lozitha and Ludzidzini (royal); Lobamba (legislative) | Chief of state: King Mswati III, with much power shared by his mother, Queen Mother Ntombi Latfwala | Head of government: Prime Minister Absalom ...
(from the article "Bobsleigh, Skeleton, and Luge") Germany's Andre Lange dominated bobsleigh competition at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy, capturing the gold in decisive fashion in both the two- and four-man events. Canada's Pierre Lueders took the silver in the two-man event. In addition, Lueders won the overall World Cup two-man title and finished second ...
(from the article "1985: Other Winners") Original Screenplay: Earl W. Wallace, William Kelley, Pamela Wallace for WitnessAdapted Screenplay: Kurt Luedtke for Out of AfricaCinematography: David Watkin for Out of AfricaArt Direction: Stephen Grimes for Out of AfricaOriginal Score: John Barry for Out of AfricaOriginal Song:...
politician, cofounder and leader of the Austrian Christian Social Party, and mayor of Vienna who transformed the Austrian capital into a modern city. [3 Related Articles]
American composer, conductor, composition teacher, and flutist noted for his innovative experiments in composition employing the tape recorder. [3 Related Articles]
tributary of the Lualaba River, which is itself a headstream of the Congo River, in Congo (Kinshasa). The Lufira rises in the Katanga (Shaba) plateau south of Likasi, Congo, and flows 300 miles (500 km) northeast and north-northwest across the Bia Mountains to join the Lualaba through Lake Kisale. The ...
city, seat (1890) of Angelina county, in the Piney Woods region of eastern Texas, U.S. The city is situated near the Angelina River and between Davy Crockett and Angelina national forests, some 110 miles (175 km) northwest of Beaumont.
(from the article "Brazilian literature") ...whose O ultimo verao de Copacabana (1985; "The Last Summer in Copacabana") is about women in urban settings far away from their regional hometowns, and Lya Luft, whose works evoke the difficulty of communication, especially within families, as in her novel O quarto fechado (1990; "The Closed Door"; Eng. trans. ...
German airline organized in Cologne, W.Ger., on Jan. 6, 1953, jointly by the federal government, the German National Railway, and the state of North Rhine-Westphalia; later it accepted private investors. It was the successor to Deutsche Luft Hansa, or DLH, which was founded in 1926, suspended service at war's end ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Hurricane") ...Spitfire, the Hurricane fought at a disadvantage to the German Bf 109 in climb and dive but proved to be a potent bomber destroyer, the concentrated fire of its eight machine guns literally sawing Luftwaffe bombers in half on occasion. In addition, the Hurricane was a forgiving aircraft to fly; ...
(from the article "Mesopotamia, history of") ...government; however, it can be answered only with difficulty, and the use of evidence from later periods carries with it the danger of anachronisms. The Sumerian word for ruler par excellence is lugal, which etymologically means "big person." The first occurrence comes from Kish about 2700 BC, since an earlier ...
(from the article "Adab") ...(reigned 2112-2095 BC). Adab was an important Sumerian centre only up to about 2000. The Sumerian king list ascribed to the city one of the early dynasties, comprising only one king, Lugal-anne-mundu, who was said to have reigned for 90 years; according to his position on the king list this ...
one of the major figures in the surviving Sumerian epics and the hero of the tale called the Lugalbanda Epic, or Lugalbanda and Enmerkar. See Enmerkar. [2 Related Articles]
(reigned c. 2375-50 BC), ensi ("sacred king") of the southern Mesopotamian city of Umma, who first conquered the major cities of Lagash (c. 2375 BC) and Kish, then overcame the Sumerian cities of Ur and Uruk (he alone represents the 3rd dynasty of Uruk). After uniting all of Sumer, he ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "phonetics") Many languages-e.g., Finnish and Estonian-use length distinctions, so that they have long and short vowels; a slightly smaller number of languages, among them Luganda (the language spoken by the largest tribe in Uganda) and Japanese, also have long and short consonants. In most languages segments followed by voiced consonants are ...
largest town in Ticino canton, southern Switzerland. It lies along Lake Lugano, northwest of Como, Italy; to the south is Mount San Salvatore (2,992 feet [912 m]), and to the east is Mount Bre (3,035 feet [925 m]). First mentioned in the 6th century, it was occupied in 1499 by ... [2 Related Articles]
lake between Lakes Maggiore and Como with an area of 19 square miles (49 square km), of which the middle 12 square miles (31 square km) are in Ticino canton (Switzerland) and the northeastern and southwestern ends in the Lombardy regione (Italy). It lies at 889 feet (271 m) above ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "chondrostean") ...thick head bones and crushing dentition; tail hemiheterocercal. One family, Cephaloxenidae; marine, probably bottom-dwelling mollusc eaters; Italy.Middle and Upper Triassic. Body fusiform; head somewhat flattened in the horizontal plane; some head bones fused; jaw suspension inclined forward; fin rays...
(from the article "Espiritu Santo") Hog Harbour, on the northeast coast, is the site of the former British district administration. The former French administrative centre was on the south coast near Luganville, the second largest town of Vanuatu, which has a deepwater port and an airport. Luganville was an important Allied military base during World ...
(from the article "Kaduna") ...word for "crocodiles") replaced Zungeru, 100 miles (160 km) west-southwest, as the capital of the Northern Provinces; it also served as capital of the Northern Region from 1954 to 1967. Lugard Hall, the legislative assembly building constructed in simplified Islamic style, stands at the head of the main street. The ...
administrator who played a major part in Britain's colonial history between 1888 and 1945, serving in East Africa, West Africa, and Hong Kong. His name is especially associated with Nigeria, where he served as high commissioner (1900-06) and governor and governor-general (1912-19). He was knighted in 1901 and raised to ... [6 Related Articles]
people living mainly in northwestern Uganda and the adjoining area of Congo (Kinshasa). They speak a Central Sudanic language of the Nilo-Saharan language family. [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Nilo-Saharan languages") ...of Songhai or northern varieties of Nubian-border on nontonal languages and are themselves only marginally tonal. On the other hand, languages in central Africa, such as the western dialect of Lugbara (a Central Sudanic language spoken in the border area of Congo [Kinshasa] and Uganda and bordering on highly tonal ...
a province of the Roman Empire, one of the "Three Gauls" called the Gallia Comata. It extended from the capital of Lugdunum (modern Lyon) northwest to all the land between the Seine and the Loire rivers to Brittany and the Atlantic Ocean. It included what came to be Paris. [1 Related Articles]
form of small-sled racing. Luge sledding is distinctive from bob and skeleton sledding in that the sled is ridden in a supine position (lying on the back) and steered by subtle leg and shoulder movements. The sport takes its name from the French word for "sled." [11 Related Articles]
semiautomatic German hand weapon first manufactured in 1900 for both military and commercial use. It was made in 7.65- and 9-millimetre calibres and had a toggle-joint breech mechanism. On recoil after firing, the mechanism opened to receive a new cartridge from an eight-round, removable box magazine in its grip. [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "small arm") Borchardt's toggle and spring mechanisms were improved by a German, Georg Luger, who came up with the 7.65-millimetre (later 9-millimetre) Parabellum pistol. This was adopted by the German army in 1908.
(from the article "Altus") ...project, completed in 1948) restored the region's basic agricultural economy (cotton, cattle, and wheat). Altus Reservoir, the project's chief unit, impounded on the North Fork of the Red River by Lugert Dam, lies within Quartz Mountain State Park, 18 miles (29 km) north. Oil fields lie to the northwest. The ...
