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Lancaster, Joseph ... landlord and tenant

Lancaster, Joseph British-born educator who developed the system of mass education known as the Lancasterian method, a monitorial, or "mutual," approach in which brighter or more proficient children were used to teach other children under the direction of an adult. In the early 19th century the system, as developed by Lancaster, Andrew ... Lancaster, Sir James merchant who commanded the first English vessel to reach the East Indies and who established the first English trading post in Southeast Asia. Lancaster, Sir Osbert English cartoonist, stage designer, and writer, best-known for his suave cartoons that appeared from 1939 in the Daily Express (London), which gently satirized the English upper class, especially its response to social change. He was also noted for his architectural writings and personal memoirs. Lancaster, Thomas, 2nd Earl of, Earl Of Leicester, Earl Of Derby a grandson of King Henry III of England and the main figure in the baronial opposition to King Edward II. His opposition to royal power derived more from personal ambition than from a desire for reform. lance spear used by cavalry for mounted combat. It usually consisted of a long wooden shaft with a sharp metal point. Its employment can be traced to the ancient Assyrians and Egyptians, and it was widely used by the Greeks and Romans, despite their lack of the stirrup, which did not ... Lance Formation division of rocks in the western United States dating to the end of the Cretaceous Period 65.5 million years ago and named for exposures studied near Lance Creek, Niobrara county, Wyoming (see Niobrara Limestone). Varying in thickness from about 90 metres (300 feet) in North Dakota to almost 600 metres ... Lance missile U.S.-made mobile short-range ballistic missile, capable of carrying either a conventional or a nuclear warhead, that was developed during the 1960s and fielded by the U.S. Army from 1972 to 1992, mainly in western Europe. Lance missiles also were sold for use by several member countries of the North Atlantic ... Lancelot one of the greatest knights in Arthurian romance; he was the lover of Arthur's queen, Guinevere, and was the father of the pure knight Sir Galahad. lancet fish either of two species of widely distributed, deepwater marine fish of the genus Alepisaurus (family Alepisauridae). Lancet fish are elongated and slender, with a long, very tall dorsal fin and a large mouth that is equipped with formidable fanglike teeth. The fish grow to a large size, attaining a maximum ... lancet window narrow, high window capped by a lancet, or acute, arch. The lancet arch is a variety of pointed arch in which each of the arcs, or curves, of the arch have a radius longer than the width of the arch. It takes its name from being shaped like the tip ... Lancet, The British medical journal established in 1823. The journal's founder and first editor was Thomas Wakley, considered at the time to be a radical reformer. Wakley stated that the intent of the new journal was to report on the metropolitan hospital lectures and to describe the important cases of the day. ... lancewood tough, heavy, elastic, straight-grained wood obtained from several different trees of the custard-apple family (Annonaceae). True lancewood, Oxandra lanceolata, of the West Indies and Guianas, furnishes most of the lancewood of commerce in the form of spars about 13 feet (4 m) in length and 5 inches (13 cm) in ... Lanchester, Frederick William English automobile and aeronautics pioneer who built the first British automobile (1896). Lanciani, Rodolfo Amadeo Italian archaeologist, topographer, and authority on ancient Rome who discovered many antiquities at Rome, Tivoli, and Ostia. He published a 1:1,000-scale map of classical, medieval, and modern Rome in Forma Urbis Romae (1893-1901). Lanciano town, Abruzzi regione, south-central Italy. An archbishopric and agricultural centre, it has textile, machinery, and furniture manufactures. It originated as the Roman Anxanum. The town's Cistercian-Gothic church of Santa Maria Maggiore dates from 1227, and its cathedral has a late 13th-century campanile. Up to the 17th century Lanciano held fairs ... Lancisi, Giovanni Maria Italian clinician and anatomist who is considered the first modern hygienist. Lancret, Nicolas French genre painter whose brilliant depictions of fetes galantes, or scenes of courtly amusements in Arcadian settings, reflected the society of his time. land In economics, the resource that encompasses the natural resources used in production. In classical economics, the three factors of production are land, labour, and capital. Land was considered to be the "original and inexhaustible gift of nature." In modern economics, it is broadly defined to include all that nature provides, ... land breeze a local wind system characterized by a flow from land to water late at night. Land breezes alternate with sea breezes along coastlines adjacent to large bodies of water. Both are induced by differences that occur between the heating or cooling of the water surface and the adjacent land surface. ... land bridge any of several isthmuses that have connected the Earth's major landmasses at various times, with the result that many species of plants and animals have extended their ranges to new areas. A land bridge that had a profound effect on the fauna of the New World extended from Siberia to ... land crab any crab of the family Gecarcinidae (order Decapoda of the class Crustacea), typically terrestrial, square-bodied crabs that only occasionally, as adults, return to the sea. They occur in tropical America, West Africa, and the Indo-Pacific region. All species feed on both animal and plant tissue. Cardisoma guanhumi, a land crab ... Land League Irish agrarian organization that worked for the reform of the country's landlord system under British rule. The league was founded in October 1879 by Michael Davitt, the son of an evicted tenant farmer and a member of the Fenian (Irish Republican) Brotherhood. Davitt asked Charles Stewart Parnell, leader of the ... Land Management, Bureau of agency of the U.S. Department of the Interior. It was established in 1946 through the consolidation of the General Land Office (created in 1812) and the U.S. Grazing Service (1934). The BLM is responsible for managing hundreds of millions of acres of public land, including timber, minerals, oil and gas, ... land mine stationary explosive charge used against military troops or vehicles. See mine. Land of Ten Thousand Sinks in west-central Kentucky, U.S., area of numerous sinkholes and caves in the Pennyrile (or Pennyroyal) region. The area includes the interconnected caves of Mammoth Cave National Park and Flint Ridge Cave System. Abundant surface and underground water together with limestones deposited during the Early Carboniferous Epoch (360 to 320 million ... land pollution the deposition of solid or liquid waste materials on land or underground in a manner that can contaminate the soil and groundwater, threaten public health, and cause unsightly conditions and nuisances. land reform a purposive change in the way in which agricultural land is held or owned, the methods of cultivation that are employed, or the relation of agriculture to the rest of the economy. Reforms such as these may be proclaimed by a government, by interested groups, or by revolution. land snail any of the approximately 35,000 species of snails (phylum Mollusca) adapted to life away from water. Most species are members of the subclass Pulmonata (class Gastropoda); a few are members of the subclass Prosobranchia. Typically, land snails live on or near the ground, feed on decaying plant matter, and lay ... Land's End westernmost peninsula of the county of Cornwall, England. Composed of a granite mass, its tip is the southwesternmost point of England and lies about 870 miles (1,400 km) by road from John o' Groats, traditionally considered the northernmost point of Great Britain. The popular expression "from Land's End to John ... Land, Edwin Herbert American inventor and physicist whose one-step process for developing and printing photographs culminated in a revolution in photography unparalleled since the advent of roll film. land-grant college any of numerous American institutions of higher learning that were established under the first Morrill Act (1862). This act was passed by the U.S. Congress and was named for the act's sponsor, Vermont congressman Justin S. Morrill. Land-Grant College Act of 1862 Act of the U.S. Congress (1862) that provided grants of land to states to finance the establishment of colleges specializing in "agriculture and the mechanic arts." Named for its sponsor, Vermont Congressman Justin Smith Morrill (1810-98), it granted each state 30,000 acres (12,140 hectares) for each of its congressional seats. ... Landa, Diego de Spanish Franciscan priest and bishop of Yucatan who is best known for his classic account of Mayan culture. Landau city, Rhineland-Palatinate Land (state), southwestern Germany. Its location is picturesque, along the Queich River in the Haardt Mountains. The settlement was first mentioned in 1106, and an Augustinian monastery was founded there in 1276. Landau became a free imperial city in 1291. It was occupied by the French (1680-1815) and ... landau four-wheeled carriage, invented in Germany, seating four people on two facing seats with an elevated front seat for the coachman. It was distinguished by two folding hoods, one at each end, which met at the top to form a boxlike enclosure with side windows. It was a heavy vehicle, often ... Landau, Ezekiel Polish rabbi, the learned author of a much-reprinted book on Jewish law (Halakha). Landau, Lev Davidovich Soviet theoretical physicist, one of the founders of the quantum theory of condensed matter whose pioneering research in this field was recognized with the 1962 Nobel Prize for Physics. Landen, John British mathematician who was trained as a surveyor and who made important contributions on elliptic integrals. Lander county, central Nevada, U.S. It is drained by the Humboldt and Reese rivers. The county is arid and is covered by the Shoshone and Toiyabe mountains, which include large segments of Toiyabe National Forest in the south. The county seat, Battle Mountain, is in the far north. The county was ... Lander city, seat (1884) of Fremont county, west-central Wyoming, U.S., on the Popo Agie River, east of the Wind River Range, at an elevation of 5,360 feet (1,634 metres). Part of the traditional territory of the Shoshone people, the area was settled in the 1870s around Forts Augur and Brown and ... Lander, Harald Danish dancer and choreographer who was primarily responsible for rebuilding the faltering Royal Danish Ballet into a superb performing organization. Lander, Richard Lemon British explorer of West Africa who traced the course of the lower Niger River to its delta. Landes forest region bordering the Bay of Biscay in the Aquitaine Basin of southwestern France, extending northward to the Garonne Estuary and southward to the Adour River. With an area of 5,400 square miles (14,000 square km), Landes occupies three-quarters of the Landes departement, half of Gironde, and about 175,000 acres ... landform any conspicuous topographic feature on the Earth or a similar planetary body or satellite. Familiar examples are mountains (including volcanic cones), plateaus, and valleys. Comparable structures have been detected on Mars, Venus, the Moon, and certain satellites of Jupiter and Saturn. The term landform also can be applied to related ... landgrave a title of nobility in Germany and Scandinavia, dating from the 12th century, when the kings of Germany attempted to strengthen their position in relation to that of the dukes (Herzoge). The kings set up "provincial counts" (Landgrafen) over whom the dukes would have no control and who would have ... landing craft small naval vessel used primarily to transport and tactically deploy soldiers, equipment, vehicles, and supplies from ship to shore for the conduct of offensive military operations. During World War II the British and Americans mass-produced landing craft, modifying them throughout the war to perform a wide variety of tasks. landing ship, tank naval ship specially designed to transport and deploy troops, vehicles, and supplies onto foreign shores for the conduct of offensive military operations. LSTs were designed during World War II to disembark military forces without the use of dock facilities or the various cranes and lifts necessary to unload merchant ships. ... Landini, Francesco leading composer of 14th-century Italy, famed during his lifetime for his musical memory, his skill in improvisation, and his virtuosity on the organetto, or portative organ, as well as for his compositions. He also played the flute and the rebec. Landis, Kenesaw Mountain American federal judge who, as the first commissioner of organized professional baseball, was noted for his uncompromising measures against persons guilty of dishonesty or other conduct he regarded as damaging to the sport. Landler traditional couple dance of Bavaria and Alpine Austria. To lively music in 34 time, the dancers turn under each other's arms using complicated arm and hand holds, dance back to back, and grasp each other firmly to turn around and around. These figures and the triple rhythm have appeared in ... landlord and tenant the parties to the leasing of real estate, whose relationship is bound by contract. The landlord, or lessor, as owner or possessor of a property-whether corporeal, such as lands or buildings, or incorporeal, such as rights of common or of way-agrees through a lease, an agreement for a lease, or ...