| | - Knudtzon, Jorgen Alexander
- (from the article "Anatolian languages") ...of the Anatolian languages, 2nd-millennium Hittite. Although not acknowledged as such at the time, the first step in the right direction was taken in 1902, when Assyriologist Jorgen Alexander Knudtzon pointed out that the language of the so-called Arzawa letters (e.g., Hittite), from the Amarna archive, had an apparent affinity ...
- Knut Eriksson
- (from the article "Sweden") Erik's son Knut killed Sverker's son (1167) and was accepted as king of the entire country. Knut organized the currency system, worked for the organization of the church, and established a fortress on the site of Stockholm. After his death in 1196, members of the families of Erik and Sverker ...
- Knutsford
- town (parish), Macclesfield borough, administrative and historic county of Cheshire, England. It is located on the Cheshire Plain southwest of the city of Manchester. Knutsford received a market, free burgage (tenure from the crown), and power to elect a mayor from a charter of 1292, and a charter in 1332 ...
- Knutson, Thomas
- (from the article "Earth Sciences") Theoretical and numerical simulations of global warming on hurricanes by Thomas Knutson of NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory in Princeton, N.J., and colleagues suggested that hurricane wind intensity would gradually increase by about 5% over the next 80 years. Given the normal large multidecadal variations that occur in hurricane frequency ...
- Knutsson, Gosta
- (from the article "children's literature") ...outstanding poet Lennart Hellsing, with Daniel Doppsko (1959); Astrid Lindgren, successful in a half dozen genres but perhaps best known as the creator of the supergirl Pippi Longstocking; Gosta Knutsson, with her well-liked Pelle svanslos (1939; Eng. trans., The Adventures of the Cat Who Had No Tail). The psychological realistic ...
- Knuttelvers
- (from the article "doggerel") The German version, called Knuttelvers (literally "cudgel verse"), was popular during the Renaissance and was later used for comic effect by such poets as J.W. von Goethe and Friedrich von Schiller. Doggerel verse is still commonly heard in limericks and nonsense verse, popular songs, and commercial jingles.
- Knyphausen, Wilhelm, Freiherr von
- German soldier who after 1777 commanded "Hessian" troops on the British side in the American Revolution.
- Knytlinga saga
- (from the article "Slavic religion") Common to this Eurasian area is another divinity, called by Helmold and in the Knytlinga saga (a Danish legend that recounts the conquest of Arkona through the efforts of King Valdemar I of Denmark against the pagan and pirate Slavs) Zcerneboch (or Chernobog), the Black God, and Tiarnoglofi, the Black ...
- Ko
- one of the four major schools of floral art in Japan. Dating from the Tokugawa period (1603-1868), the Ko school developed the shoka style of the earlier Ikenobo school into a more naturalistic type of arrangement. Calling the arrangements seika rather than shoka, the Ko school retained the tall, narrow-mouthed ...
- Ko Ch'ao-fu
- (from the article "Daoism") Another member of the Ge family was responsible for the second great Daoist scriptural tradition. Ge Chaofu began composing the Lingbaojing ("Classic of the Sacred Jewel") c. 397 CE. He claimed that they had been first revealed to his own ancestor, the famous Ge Xuan, early in the 3rd century. ...
- Ko Hsuan
- (from the article "Daoism") Among these personages was a certain Ge Xuan (3rd century CE), who was said to have been initiated into an ancient alchemical tradition. His great-nephew Ge Hong in the next century became one of the most celebrated writers on the various technical means for attaining immortality. In his major work, ...
- Ko Hui-dong
- Korean artist who pioneered in the application of Western techniques to traditional painting styles. After World War II he became a member of the South Korean government of Syngman Rhee. [1 Related Articles]
- Ko Hung
- perhaps the best-known Taoist alchemist of China, who tried to combine Confucian ethics with the occult doctrines of Taoism. [3 Related Articles]
- Ko Un
- prolific Korean poet who gained an international readership with verse informed by both his political activism in Korea and a broader concern for humanity. [1 Related Articles]
- ko-en-gen
- (from the article "top") ...of New Zealand. Because of their loud wailing sound, they were used in ceremonial mourning of the dead or to avenge a defeated clan. During Napoleon's time, a Chinese game known for centuries as Ko-en-gen was introduced in Europe as diablo and became the rage. A spool ("devil") was whipped ...
- Ko-Ko the Clown
- (from the article "Fleischer brothers") ...a time- and labour-saving device in which live-action film frames are traced as a guide for animated action. Brother Dave's on-camera performance in a clown suit was rotoscoped into the character Ko-Ko the Clown, who starred in the Out of the Inkwell series (1919-29), produced and distributed by the Bray ...
- Ko-no-hana-saku-ya-hime
- (from the article "Yama-no-kami") ...by farmers. Chief among them is O-yama-tsumi-no-mikoto, born from the fire god who was cut into pieces by his angry father Izanagi (see Ho-musubi). Another prominent mountain deity is Ko-no-hana-saku-ya-hime-wife of the divine grandchild Ninigi and mother of two mythological princes, Fireshade and Fireshine-who resides on Fuji-yama. A widespread tradition ...
- Ko-tsao
- (from the article "Daoism") ...of celibate monks continued to be active into the 20th century, with the famous White Cloud Monastery (Boyunguan) at Beijing as headquarters. In the South, Maoshan continued to prosper, while the Gezao sect flourished at the mountain of that name, in Jiangxi province. This was said to be the spot ...
- ko-tsuzumi
- (from the article "tsuzumi") The two most commonly used tsuzumi are the ko-tsuzumi and the o-tsuzumi, found in the music of Noh and Kabuki theatres. Although the ko-tsuzumi and the o-tsuzumi are quite similar in appearance, the manner in which they are played and the sound and tone they produce are quite distinct. Both ...
- koala
- tree-dwelling marsupial of coastal eastern Australia. The koala is about 60 to 85 cm (24 to 33 inches) long and weighs up to 14 kg (31 pounds) in the southern part of its range (Victoria) but only about half that in subtropical Queensland to the north. Virtually tailless, the body ... [4 Related Articles]
- Koami Family
- Japanese lacquerware artists who were eminent for 19 generations in the Muromachi, Azuchi-Momoyama, and Tokugawa periods.
- Koami Michinaga
- (from the article "Koami Family") Michinaga (1410-78) was a personal attendant to the military ruler Ashikaga Yoshimasa and excelled in two techniques of lacquer design. The takamaki-e technique consists of building decorative motifs with a mixture of lacquer putty, white lead, lampblack, camphor, and gold or silver foil in relief against a lacquer ground. In ...
- Koami Nagashige
- (from the article "Koami Family") ...when a member of the eighth generation established in Edo (now Tokyo) a lacquerware school that lasted over 300 years. The family reputation peaked in 1637, when a member of the 10th generation, Nagashige (1599-1651), made what is deemed by some the finest piece of Japanese lacquerware in existence: a ...
- koan
- in Zen Buddhism of Japan, a succinct paradoxical statement or question used as a meditation discipline for novices, particularly in the Rinzai sect. The effort to "solve" a koan is intended to exhaust the analytic intellect and the egoistic will, readying the mind to entertain an appropriate response on the ... [2 Related Articles]
- kob
- (from the article "kob") antelope species of the genus Kobus (q.v.).Ugandan kobUgandan Kob (Kobus kob thomasi).Frank Dickertkoban
- (from the article "coin") ...a gold and silver coinage since the 16th century. The gold coins are large flat pieces in the shape of rectangles with rounded corners, the largest size being oban and the smaller koban. Other gold pieces are the small rectangular pieces of one and two bu issued from time to ...
- Kobar Sink
- (from the article "Denakil Plain") ...Rift Valley and the Awash River. Live volcanoes (often called the Denakil Alps) separate it from the Red Sea. Any water that comes into the plain evaporates there; no streams flow out from it. The Kobar Sink, a huge basin in the northern part of the plain, drops to 381 ...
- Kobayashi Hideo
- one of the most influential critics in the Japanese cultural world.
- Kobayashi Ichizo
- (from the article "Toho Motion Picture Company") The company was founded in 1936 by Kobayashi Ichizo, a former businessman who was the creator of an all-girl "opera troupe." In 1932 he had organized the Tokyo Takarazuka Theatre Corporation, subsequently acquiring several established theatres and building new and larger ones. His structures housed three or more separate theatres, ...
- Kobayashi Kiyochika
- Japanese printmaker who adopted the effects of Western lithography and engraving, especially in his wood-block prints.
- Kobayashi Kokei
- artist who greatly contributed to modern Japanese painting.
- Kobayashi Makoto
- Japanese scientist who was a corecipient, with Yoichiro Nambu and Maskawa Toshihide, of the 2008 Nobel Prize for Physics. Kobayashi and Maskawa shared half the prize for their discovery of the origin of broken symmetry, which created at least six quarks moments after the big bang. [2 Related Articles]
- Kobayashi Masaki
- Japanese motion-picture director whose 9 12-hour trilogy, Ningen no joken (The Human Condition: No Greater Love, 1959; Road to Eternity, 1959; A Soldier's Prayer, 1961), a monumental criticism of war, constitutes the best example of his films of social concern. [2 Related Articles]
- Kobayashi Takiji
- outstanding writer of the proletarian literary movement in pre-World War II Japan. [1 Related Articles]
- Kobayashi, Koji
- Japanese visionary industrialist who guided the NEC Corp. as president (1964-76) and then chairman (until 1988) toward computers and other high-tech products; he registered more than 100 patents and in 1977 coined NEC's watchword, "C and C," a prediction that computers and communications would merge into a single information infrastructure ...
- Kobayashi-Maskawa model
- (from the article "CP violation") Experiments with neutral K-mesons appear to confirm detailed predictions of the Kobayashi-Maskawa theory, but the effects are very small. CP violation is expected to be more prominent in the decay of the particles known as B-mesons, which contain a bottom quark instead of the strange quark of the K-mesons. Experiments ...
- kobdas
- magic drum used for trance induction and divination by the Lapp shaman, or noiade. The drum consisted of a wooden frame, ring, or bowl over which a membrane of reindeer hide was stretched. The hide was usually covered with figures of deities, tutelary spirits of the noiade, and otherworld localities, ...
- Kobe
- city and capital of Hyogo ken (prefecture), west-central Honshu, Japan. Kobe, its neighbouring city Osaka, and nearby Kyoto are the centres of the Keihanshin Industrial Zone, the second largest urban and industrial agglomeration in Japan. [3 Related Articles]
- Kobe Steel, Ltd.
- major Japanese manufacturer of iron and steel, nonferrous metal products, and machinery. Headquarters are in Kobe with offices in Tokyo and Osaka.
- Kobe, Tim
- (from the article "industrial design") ...public. His consistently well-designed displays and products prefigured contemporary efforts by manufacturers such as Apple to effectively retail their products within a compatibly designed space. Tim Kobe of the San Francisco architectural firm Eight Inc. designed the standard Apple computer stores from the earliest establishments in San Francisco (2001) to ...
- Koberger, Anton
- (from the article "publishing, history of") ...and Afra; and the tradition of the illuminated manuscript was carried over into equally sumptuous editions of illustrated printed books. At Nurnberg, which soon took the lead in the book trade, Anton Koberger operated on a large, international scale. At his peak, he ran 24 presses and had links with ...
- Kobia, Samuel
- It did not take long after the Rev. Samuel Kobia became general secretary of the World Council of Churches (WCC) in January 2004 for the Kenyan Methodist minister to show his willingness to confront injustices in his native country and continent. At a news conference in Nairobi in April, he ...
- Koblenz
- city, Rhineland-Palatinate Land (state), western Germany. It lies at the junction of the Rhine and Moselle (Mosel) rivers (hence its Roman name, Confluentes) and is surrounded by spurs from the Eifel, Hunsruck, Westerwald, and Taunus mountains. A Roman town founded in 9 BC, it was a Frankish ...
- kobold
- in German folklore, mischievous household spirit who usually helps with chores and gives other valuable services but who often hides household and farm tools or kicks over stooping persons. He is temperamental and becomes outraged when he is not properly fed. He sometimes sings to children.
- koboz
- (from the article "Kyrgyzstan") ...Turkic-speaking countries of Central Asia. Kyrgyz folk singers still recite the lengthy verse epic Manas and other heroic and lyric poetry, often to the accompaniment of the three-stringed komuz, which is plucked like a lute.Central Asian artsInstrumental and vocal styles...Nevertheless, ...
- Kobuk Valley National Park
- large wilderness area in northwestern Alaska, U.S. It is part of a vast region of national parks, monuments, and preserves located north of the Arctic Circle that stretches for hundreds of miles from west to east. It is bordered to the north by Noatak National Preserve and to the south ...
- Kobun
- (from the article "Jinshin-no-ran") The conflict erupted following the death of the emperor Tenji in AD 672, when Prince Otomo was elevated to the throne as the emperor Kobun through the efforts of the aristocratic clans that had resisted Tenji's centralization measures. Prince Oama, brother of the deceased emperor, gathered together his own military ...
- Kobus
- genus of antelopes, family Bovidae (order Artiodactyla), containing about six species-the waterbucks and lechwes, the kob, and the puku.
- Kobyla, Andrey Ivanovich
- (from the article "Romanov Dynasty") rulers of Russia from 1613 until the Russian Revolution of February 1917. Descendants of Andrey Ivanovich Kobyla (Kambila), a Muscovite boyar who lived during the reign of the grand prince of Moscow Ivan I Kalita (reigned 1328-41), the Romanovs acquired their name from Roman Yurev (d. 1543), whose daughter Anastasiya ...
- kobza
- (from the article "bandura") A precursor to the bandura was the kobza, a three- to eight-string instrument mentioned in Greek literature of the 6th century. During the Middle Ages it was prominent in eastern European courts, where it was used to accompany singing and dancing. Additional strings were ...
- kobzari
- (from the article "bandura") ...remains a synonym for bandura. By the 15th century the bandura had been adopted by kobzari, professional musicians-many of whom were blind-who used the instrument as an accompaniment for epic ballads (dumy) that...
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