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Jolson, Al ... Jones, Norah

Jolson, Al popular U.S. singer and blackface comedian of the musical stage and motion pictures, from before World War I to 1940. His unique singing style and personal magnetism established an immediate rapport with audiences. Joly, John Irish geologist and physicist who, soon after 1898, estimated the age of the Earth at 100,000,000 years. He also developed a method for extracting radium (1914) and pioneered its use in cancer treatment. Jomini, Henri, baron de French general, military critic, and historian whose systematic attempt to define the principles of warfare made him one of the founders of modern military thought. Jommelli, Niccolo composer of religious music and operas, notable as an innovator in his use of the orchestra. Jomon culture earliest major culture of prehistoric Japan, characterized by pottery decorated with cord-pattern (jomon) impressions or reliefs. For some time there has been uncertainty about assigning dates to the Jomon period, particularly to its onset. The earliest date given is about 10,500 BCE, which is described by scholars favouring it as ... Jonah crab North American crab species (Cancer borealis) closely related to the Dungeness crab (q.v.). Jonah I American Orthodox clergyman who became archbishop of Washington and New York and Metropolitan of All America and Canada in 2008. Jonah, Book of the fifth of 12 Old Testament books that bear the names of the Minor Prophets, embraced in a single book, The Twelve, in the Jewish canon. Unlike other Old Testament prophetic books, Jonah is not a collection of the prophet's oracles but primarily a narrative about the man. Jonas first independent metropolitan of Moscow, elected in 1448. Jonas Brothers American soft-rock band noted for its combination of optimism, catchy tunes, and cover-boy good looks. The members were Paul Kevin Jonas II (November 5, 1987, Teaneck, New Jersey, ), Joseph Adam Jonas (August 15, 1989, Casa Grande, Arizona, ), and Nicholas Jerry Jonas (September 16, 1992, Dallas, Texas, ). Jonas, Justus German religious Reformer and legal scholar. A colleague of Martin Luther, he played a prominent role in the early Reformation conferences, particularly at Marburg (1529) and at Augsburg (1530), where he helped draft the Augsburg Confession, a fundamental statement of Lutheran belief. He is best known for his German translation ... Jonasson, Johannes Bjarni Icelandic poet and reformer whose works reflect his resistance to the political and economic trends that he perceived as threatening Iceland's traditional democracy. Jonathan in the Old Testament (I and II Samuel), eldest son of King Saul; his intrepidity and fidelity to his friend, the future king David, make him one of the most admired figures in the Bible. Jonathan is first mentioned in I Sam. 13:2, when he defeated a garrison of Philistines ... Jonathan, Goodluck Nigerian zoologist and politician who became vice president of Nigeria in 2007 and president in 2010. Jones Act statute announcing the intention of the United States government to "withdraw their sovereignty over the Philippine Islands as soon as a stable government can be established therein." The U.S. had acquired the Philippines in 1898 as a result of the Spanish-American War; and from 1901 legislative power in the islands ... Jones, Alfred Gilpin Canadian statesman, opponent of confederation, and influential member of Parliament who served as lieutenant governor of Nova Scotia in 1900-06. Jones, Ben trainer of U.S. Thoroughbred racehorses, who trained six winners of the Kentucky Derby and two winners of all three events comprising the U.S. Triple Crown (the Derby, the Preakness, and the Belmont Stakes), Whirlaway in 1941 and Citation in 1948. Jones, Bill T. American choreographer and dancer who, with Arnie Zane, created the Bill T. Jones/Arnie Zane Dance Company. Jones, Bobby U.S. amateur golfer, the first man to achieve the Grand Slam-winning in a single year the four major tournaments of the time. In 1930 he won the British and U.S. Opens and Amateur championships. From 1923 through 1930 he won 13 championships in those four annual tournaments, a feat unequalled ... Jones, Brian British aviator who on March 20, 1999, with captain Bertrand Piccard, completed the first nonstop circumnavigation of the globe by balloon. The trip, begun by Jones and Piccard on March 1 aboard the Breitling Orbiter 3, took 19 days, 21 hours, and 55 minutes to complete. Starting in the Swiss ... Jones, Casey American railroad engineer whose death as celebrated in the ballad "Casey Jones" made him a folk hero. Jones, Chuck American animation director of critically acclaimed cartoon shorts, primarily the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies film series at Warner Bros. studios. Jones, David English artist of great originality and sensitivity. He was also a writer distinguished for complex poetic prose works of epic scope. Jones, Deacon American professional gridiron football player, regarded as one of the sport's premier defense players. Jones, Diana Wynne British fantasy writer of more than 40 books for children, many of which centre on magic or magicians. Jones, Donald Forsha American geneticist and agronomist who made hybrid corn (maize) commercially feasible. Jones, Edward P. American novelist and short-story writer whose works depict the effects of slavery in antebellum America and the lives of working-class African Americans. Jones, Elvin American jazz drummer and bandleader who established a forceful polyrhythmic approach to the traps set, combining different metres played independently by the hands and feet into a propulsive flow of irregularly shifting accents. Jones, Ernest psychoanalyst and a key figure in the advancement of his profession in Britain. One of Sigmund Freud's closest associates and staunchest supporters, he wrote an exhaustive three-volume biography of Freud. Jones, George American honky tonk performer and balladeer considered to be one of the greatest country singers of all time. Jones, Henry English surgeon, the standard authority on whist in his day, who also wrote on other games. Jones, Henry Arthur English playwright who first achieved prominence in the field of melodrama and who later contributed to Victorian "society" drama. Jones, Howard American collegiate gridiron football coach who made his mark on both West and East Coast football. Jones, Ieuan Wyn Welsh politician who served as president of the Plaid Cymru (PC) party (2000-03) and as deputy first minister of Plaid Cymru's coalition government with the Labour Party (2007- ) in the Welsh National Assembly. Jones, Inigo British painter, architect, and designer who founded the English classical tradition of architecture. The Queen's House (1616-19) at Greenwich, London, his first major work, became a part of the National Maritime Museum in 1937. His greatest achievement is the Banqueting House (1619-22) at Whitehall. Jones's only other surviving royal building ... Jones, Jacob U.S. naval officer who distinguished himself in the War of 1812. Jones, James U.S. novelist best known for From Here to Eternity (1951), a novel about the peacetime army in Hawaii just before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. Jones, James Earl American actor who made his name in leading stage roles in Shakespeare's Othello and in The Great White Hope, a play about the tragic career of the first black heavyweight boxing champion, loosely based on the life of Jack Johnson. Beginning in the 1970s, he appeared frequently on television and ... Jones, James L. U.S. general who served as commandant of the United States Marine Corps (USMC; 1999-2003), as supreme allied commander of NATO forces in Europe (2003-06), and as national security adviser (2009-10) in the administration of Pres. Barack Obama. Jones, Jennifer American film actress. She played leads in minor films from 1939 before coming to the notice of David O. Selznick, who cast her in The Song of Bernadette (1943). Her intense and sincere portrayal of St. Bernadette of Lourdes earned Jones an Academy Award. She later received Oscar nominations for ... Jones, Jesse H(olman) U.S. banker, businessman, and public official, chairman of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) from 1933 to 1939. Jones, Jim American cult leader who promised his followers a utopia in the jungles of South America after proclaiming himself messiah of the Peoples Temple, a San Francisco-based evangelist group. He ultimately led his followers into a mass suicide, which came to be known as the Jonestown Massacre (Nov. 18, 1978). Jones, Jo black American musician, one of the most influential of all jazz drummers, noted for his swing, dynamic subtlety, and finesse. Jones, John Welsh-language satirical poet and social reformer who, under the impact of the French Revolution, produced some of the earliest Welsh political writings. Greatly influenced by the political and social essays of the American and French Revolutionary propagandist Thomas Paine, he published his views in two pamphlets: "Seren tan Gwmmwl" (1795; ... Jones, John Paul American naval hero in the American Revolution, renowned for his victory over British ships of war off the east coast of England (September 23, 1779). Jones, Lewis Ralph U.S. botanist and agricultural biologist, one of the first and most distinguished of American plant pathologists. Jones, Lois Mailou American painter and educator whose works reflect a command of widely varied styles, from traditional landscape to African-themed abstraction. Jones, Marion American athlete, who, at the 2000 Olympic Games, became the first woman to win five track-and-field medals at a single Olympics. In 2007, however, she admitted to using banned substances and subsequently returned the medals. Jones, Matilda Sissieretta opera singer who was considered the greatest black American in her field in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Jones, Mother labour organizer, widely known in the United States as a fiery agitator for the union rights of coal miners and other workers. Jones, Norah American singer-songwriter, musician, and actress who rose to international stardom with her debut album Come Away with Me (2002), a fusion of jazz, pop, and country music.