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Indian Affairs, Bureau of ... indicator species

Indian Affairs, Bureau of agency of the U.S. Department of the Interior that serves as the principal link between federally recognized American Indian and Alaska Native populations and the U.S. government. It is responsible for administering about 66 million acres (27 million hectares) of land held in trust. It also provides various economic development, ... Indian Airlines former domestic and regional airline of India that merged with Air India in 2007, thereafter operating as Air India. Indian Association nationalist political group in India that favoured local self-government and served as a preparatory agent for the more truly national Indian National Congress. The association was founded in Bengal in 1876 by Surendranath Banerjea and Ananda Mohan Bose; it soon displaced the Indian League, which had been founded the year ... Indian Botanic Garden botanical garden in Haora (Howrah), West Bengal, India, famous for its enormous collections of orchids, bamboos, palms, and plants of the screw pine genus (Pandanus). In 2009 it was renamed to honour Indian plant physiologist and physicist Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose. It is operated by the Botanical Survey of India. Indian Councils Act of 1909 series of reform measures enacted in 1909 by the British Parliament, the main component of which directly introduced the elective principle to membership in the imperial and local legislative councils in India. The act was formulated by John Morley, secretary of state for India (1905-10). Indian Evidence Act act passed by the British Parliament in 1872 that set forth the rules of evidence admissible in Indian courts and that had far-reaching consequences for the traditional systems of caste government in India. Indian goods in 17th- and 18th-century Europe, any of a vast variety of furniture, paper hangings, textiles, paintings, and enamels that were being imported from South and East Asia into Europe. The imported goods were not limited, as the term would seem to imply, to goods imported from India, which in fact ... Indian grass (species Sorghastrum nutans), tall perennial forage grass of the family Poaceae and one of the important constituents of the North American tall grass prairie. It bears narrow, greatly branched flower clusters. Each yellow spikelet is fringed with white hairs, giving the plant a silver-and-gold appearance. It is a close relative ... Indian hemp (species Apocynum cannabinum), North American plant of the dogbane family Apocynaceae (order Gentianales). It is a branched perennial that grows up to 1.5 m (5 feet) tall and has smooth opposite leaves and small greenish white flowers. Indians used the fibres from the stem to make bags, mats, nets, and ... Indian languages languages spoken in the state of India, generally classified as belonging to the following families: Indo-European (the Indo-Iranian branch in particular), Dravidian, Austroasiatic (Munda in particular), and Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman in particular). Indian law the legal practices and institutions of India. The general history of law in India is a well-documented case of reception as well as of grafting. Foreign laws have been "received" into the Indian subcontinent-for example, in the demand by the Hindus of Goa for Portuguese civil law; and the enactment ... Indian literature writings of the Indian subcontinent, produced there in a variety of languages, including Sanskrit, Prakrit, Pali, Bengali, Bihari, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Oriya, Punjabi, Rajasthani, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, and Sindhi. Indian monsoon the most prominent of the world's monsoon systems, which primarily affects India and its surrounding water bodies. It blows from the northeast during cooler months and reverses direction to blow from the southwest during the warmest months of the year. This process brings large amounts of rainfall to the region ... Indian Museum in Calcutta, oldest museum in India and one of the most comprehensive in the Orient; its collections depict the cultural history of India from prehistoric to Muslim times. The present building, opened in 1875, comprises sections devoted to geology, zoology, industry, archaeology, art, and ethnology. The coin room contains the ... Indian Mutiny widespread but unsuccessful rebellion against British rule in India in 1857-58. Begun in Meerut by Indian troops (sepoys) in the service of the British East India Company, it spread to Delhi, Agra, Kanpur, and Lucknow. Indian National Congress broadly based political party of India. Formed in 1885, the Indian National Congress dominated the Indian movement for independence from Great Britain and has formed most of India's governments from the time of independence. Indian National Trade Union Congress largest trade-union federation in India. INTUC was established in 1947 in cooperation with the Indian National Congress, which favoured a less militant union movement than the All-India Trade Union Congress. INTUC is largely anticommunist; it is affiliated with the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions. Indian Ocean body of salt water, covering approximately one-fifth of the total ocean area of the world. It is the smallest, youngest, and physically most complex of the world's three major oceans. It stretches for more than 6,200 miles (10,000 km) between the southern tips of Africa and Australia and, without its ... Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 tsunami that hit the coasts of several countries of South and Southeast Asia in December 2004. The tsunami and its aftermath were responsible for immense destruction and loss on the rim of the Indian Ocean. Indian paint brush any plant of the genus Castilleja (family Scrophulariaceae), which contains about 200 species of partially or wholly parasitic plants that derive nourishment from the roots of other plants. For this reason the plants are seldom cultivated successfully in the flower garden. The small, tubular flowers are irregular (two-lipped). They are ... Indian philosophy the systems of thought and reflection that were developed by the civilizations of the Indian subcontinent. They include both orthodox (astika) systems, namely, the Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Samkhya, Yoga, Purva-Mimamsa (or Mimamsa), and Vedanta schools of philosophy, and unorthodox (nastika) systems, such as Buddhism and Jainism. Indian thought has been concerned ... Indian pipe (Monotropa uniflora), nongreen herb, of the heath family (Ericaceae). It lives in close association with a fungus from which it acquires most of its nutrition; some of this comes from trees with which the fungus is also closely associated. It occurs in Asia and throughout North America and is commonly ... Indian Platform Precambrian continental shield, one of four around which the Asian continent coalesced. Five areas of geosynclinal folding constitute the platform basement; from oldest to youngest, these are the Dharwar, Aravalli (see Aravalli Range), Eastern Ghat (see Ghats), Satpura (see Satpura Range), and Delhi foldings. After the consolidation of the basement ... Indian Premier League Indian professional Twenty20 (T20) cricket league established in 2008. The league, which is based on a round-robin group and knockout format, has teams in major Indian cities. Indian Removal Act (May 28, 1830), first major legislative departure from the U.S. policy of officially respecting the legal and political rights of the American Indians. The act authorized the president to grant Indian tribes unsettled western prairie land in exchange for their desirable territories within state borders (especially in the Southeast), from ... Indian Reorganization Act (June 18, 1934), measure enacted by the U.S. Congress, aimed at decreasing federal control of American Indian affairs and increasing Indian self-government and responsibility. In gratitude for the Indians' services to the country in World War I, Congress in 1924 authorized the Meriam Survey of the state of life on ... Indian rhinoceros the largest of the three Asian rhinoceroses. The Indian rhinoceros weighs between 1,800 and 2,700 kg (4,000 and 6,000 pounds). It stands 2 metres (7 feet) high at the shoulder and is 3.5 metres (11.5 feet) long. The Indian rhinoceros is more or less equivalent in size to the white ... Indian sculpture the sculptural traditions, forms, and styles of the civilizations of the Indian subcontinent. Indian Shaker Church Christianized prophet cult among Northwest American Indians; it is not connected with the Shaker communities developed from the teachings of Ann Lee. In 1881 near Olympia, Wash., John Slocum, a Squaxon logger and a baptized Roman Catholic, reported that he had visited heaven while in a coma and was commissioned ... Indian Space Research Organisation Indian space agency, founded in 1969 to develop an independent Indian space program. Its headquarters are in Bangalore (Bengaluru). Its chief executive is a chairman, who is also chairman of the Indian government's Space Commission and the secretary of the Department of Space. Indian summer period of dry, unseasonably warm weather in late October or November in the central and eastern United States. The term originated in New England and probably arose from the Indians' practice of gathering winter stores at this time. This autumn warm period also occurs in Europe, where in Britain it ... Indian Territory originally "all of that part of the United States west of the Mississippi, and not within the States of Missouri and Louisiana, or the Territory of Arkansas." Never an organized territory, it was soon restricted to the present state of Oklahoma, excepting the panhandle and Greer county. The Choctaw, Creek, ... Indian tobacco (species Lobelia inflata), annual plant of the family Campanulaceae, native to open woodlands of North America. It was once considered a medicinal plant because of the emetic alkaloid present in the plant parts, especially the roots, but is now regarded as poisonous. Indiana constituent state of the United States of America. The state sits, as its motto claims, at "the crossroads of America." It borders Lake Michigan and the state of Michigan to the north, Ohio to the east, Kentucky to the south, and Illinois to the west, making it an integral part ... Indiana county, west-central Pennsylvania, U.S., bounded to the south by the Conemaugh River. It consists of a hilly region on the Allegheny Plateau that rises to the Allegheny Mountains in the southeast and is drained by Crooked, Yellow, Two Lick, Blacklick, and Little Mahoning creeks. Other waterways include Yellow Creek Lake, ... Indiana borough (town), seat of Indiana county, west-central Pennsylvania, U.S., in the foothills of the Allegheny Mountains, 46 miles (74 km) northeast of Pittsburgh. Settled about 1764, it was laid out in 1805 on land donated for a county seat by George Clymer of Philadelphia, a signer of the U.S. Declaration ... Indiana Dunes area of sand dunes, woodlands, wetlands, and other environments, located on the southern shore of Lake Michigan, northwestern Indiana, U.S. Much of the region is within Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, which includes Indiana Dunes State Park. The national lakeshore extends almost 25 miles (40 km) between Gary and Michigan City ... Indiana Jones American film character, an archaeologist and adventurer featured in a series of popular movies. Indiana Pacers American professional basketball team based in Indianapolis that plays in the Eastern Conference of the National Basketball Association (NBA). While playing in the American Basketball Association (ABA), the Pacers won three league championships (1970, 1972, 1973). Indiana State University public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Terre Haute, Ind., U.S. It comprises colleges of arts and sciences, business, education, nursing, technology, and health and human performance and a graduate school. The university offers a range of undergraduate and graduate degree programs. Campus facilities include an observatory, an art gallery, ... Indiana University state system of higher education consisting of the campuses in Bloomington (main), Gary (known as Northwest), South Bend, Kokomo, New Albany (known as Southeast), and Richmond (known as East), as well as schools operated in cooperation with Purdue University at Fort Wayne (known as Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne) and ... Indiana University of Pennsylvania public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Indiana, Pennsylvania, U.S. It is part of the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education. The university comprises the Eberly College of Business and colleges of Education, Fine Arts, Health and Human Services, Humanities and Social Sciences, and Natural Sciences and Mathematics. There is ... Indiana, flag of U.S. state flag consisting of a dark blue field (background) with a gold or buff (light tan) torch surrounded by 19 stars. Indiana, Robert American artist who was a central figure in the Pop art movement beginning in the 1960s. Indianapolis city, seat (1822) of Marion county and capital of Indiana, U.S. It lies on the White River at its confluence with Fall Creek, near the centre of the state. The city is built on a level plain surrounded by low, gently sloping hills. It is a planned municipality, its layout ... Indianapolis 500 U.S. automobile race held annually from 1911, except for the war years 1917-18 and 1942-45. The race is always run at Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Speedway, a suburban enclave of Indianapolis, Indiana. Drawing crowds of several hundred thousand people, the race is among the world's best-attended single-day sporting events. It ... Indianapolis Colts American professional gridiron football team based in Indianapolis that plays in the American Football Conference (AFC) of the National Football League (NFL). The franchise, originally known as the Baltimore (Maryland) Colts (1953-84), won three NFL championships (1958, 1959, 1968) and two Super Bowls (1971, 2007). Indianista novel Brazilian literary genre of the 19th century that idealizes the simple life of the South American Indian. The tone of the Indianista novel is one of languid nostalgia and saudade, a brooding melancholy and reverence for nature. The Indian had appeared as a fictional character in Brazilian literature from the ... Indianola city, Warren county, south-central Iowa, U.S., 17 miles (27 km) south of Des Moines. Founded in 1849 as the county seat, its name was taken from a newspaper account of a Texas town of the same name. The economy is based on feed milling, diversified manufactures (agricultural supplies, plastics, automotive ... Indic writing systems writing systems that include the syllabic Kharosthi and semialphabetic Brahmi scripts of ancient India. No systems of writing subsequently developed from the Kharosthi script. Brahmi, however, is thought to be the forerunner of all of the scripts used for writing the languages of Southeast Asia, India, Indonesia, and the Tibet ... indicator species organism-often a microorganism or a plant-that serves as a measure of the environmental conditions that exist in a given locale. For example, greasewood indicates saline soil; mosses often indicate acid soil. Tubifex worms indicate oxygen-poor and stagnant water unfit to drink. The presence of certain species of plants suggests how ...