| | - dry conversion
- (from the article "papermaking") ...to as wet converting, in which paper in roll form is coated, impregnated, and laminated with various applied materials to improve properties for special purposes. The second is referred to as dry converting, in which paper in roll form is converted into such items as bags, envelopes, boxes, small rolls, ...
- dry curing
- (from the article "ham") Basic methods of curing are dry curing, in which the cure is rubbed into the meat by hand, and brine curing, in which the meat is soaked in a mixture of water and the curing agents. Brine curing requires about four days per pound of ham; dry curing is faster ...
- dry damping
- (from the article "damping") There are many types of mechanical damping. Friction, also called in this context dry, or Coulomb, damping, arises chiefly from the electrostatic forces of attraction between the sliding surfaces and converts mechanical energy of motion, or kinetic energy, into heat.friction
- dry dock
- type of dock (q.v.) consisting of a rectangular basin dug into the shore of a body of water and provided with a removable enclosure wall or gate on the side toward the water, used for major repairs and overhaul of vessels. [4 Related Articles]
- Dry Falls
- (from the article "river") Ice dams can produce similar effects. One of the most interesting examples is Dry Falls, a "fossil waterfall" in the Columbia River Plateau, Washington, which formed in late Pleistocene time. A large ice sheet blocked and diverted the then-westward-flowing Columbia River and formed a vast glacial lake. The lake drained ...
- dry fan
- (from the article "river") ...and depositional processes, may be significantly different, however. The widespread distribution of fans has led to the characterization of these features as being one of two types-either dry or wet. Dry fans are those that seem to form under conditions of ephemeral flow, while wet fans are those that are ...
- dry farming
- the cultivation of crops without irrigation in regions of limited moisture, typically less than 20 inches (50 centimetres) of precipitation annually. Dry farming depends upon efficient storage of the limited moisture in the soil and the selection of crops and growing methods that make the best use of this moisture. ... [2 Related Articles]
- dry fly
- (from the article "fly-tying") Most fly-tying is designed for trout and salmon fishing. There are three stages of insect life that fly-tiers attempt to imitate. Dry flies, representing the perfect or imago stage, are those that float on the surface. Constructed from materials that will aid flotation, these flies attempt to imitate insects that ...
- dry fruit
- (from the article "Classification of fruits") The rose family shows a wide diversity of fruit types. Many have dry fruits (follicles) that split open at maturity to release the seeds for dispersal; follicles come from one simple carpel. Some dry fruits in the family do not open at maturity, examples being the achenes of some members ...
- dry gangrene
- (from the article "gangrene") Gangrene is differentiated as being either dry or moist. Dry gangrene results from a gradual decrease in the blood supply (as from diabetes or arteriosclerosis) in the affected area, often an extremity. The diseased part may at first be discoloured and cold to the touch; later it becomes distinct from ...
- dry gas
- natural gas that is always in the gaseous state in the reservoir and produces little condensable hydrocarbons (compounds composed mainly of hydrogen and carbon) when brought to the surface. Thus, these gases contain very small proportions (less than 0.1 gallon condensables per 1,000 cubic feet) of hydrocarbons heavier than ethane-butane ...
- dry gin
- (from the article "gin") Dutch gins, too distinctive in taste to combine well with other beverages, are usually served unmixed or with water. The drier types, sometimes called London dry, may be served unmixed or may be combined with other ingredients to make such cocktails as the martini and gimlet and such long drinks ...
- Dry Ice
- trademark for carbon dioxide (q.v.) in its solid form, a dense, snowlike substance that sublimes (passes directly into the vapour without melting) at -78.5° C (-109.3° F), used as a refrigerant, especially during shipping of perishable products such as meats or ice cream. In the production of Dry Ice, advantage ... [4 Related Articles]
- dry milling
- (from the article "cereal processing") Dry milling of cassava is rarely practiced because it yields a product inferior to wet-processed starch in which the tubers are crushed or rasped with water and the starch is permitted to settle. Wet starch is dried to a point where it can be crumbled by pressing it through metal ...
- dry objective
- (from the article "microscope") ...larger or the R.I. increases. Typical values for microscope objective N.A.'s range from 0.1 for low-magnification objectives to 0.95 for dry objectives and 1.4 for oil-immersion objectives. A dry objective is one that works with the air between the specimen and the objective lens. An immersion objective requires a liquid, ...
- dry offset
- offset printing process combining the characteristics of letterpress and offset. A special plate prints directly onto the blanket of an offset press, and the blanket then offsets the image onto the paper. The process is called dry offset because the plate is not dampened as it would be in the ... [2 Related Articles]
- dry permafrost
- (from the article "permafrost") Permafrost with no water, and thus no ice, is termed dry permafrost. The upper surface of permafrost is called the permafrost table. In permafrost areas the surface layer of ground that freezes in the winter (seasonally frozen ground) and thaws in summer is called the active layer. The thickness of ...
- dry plate
- in photography, glass plate coated with a gelatin emulsion of silver bromide. It can be stored until exposure, and after exposure it can be brought back to a darkroom for development at leisure. These qualities were great advantages over the wet collodion process, in which the plate had to be ... [3 Related Articles]
- dry process
- (from the article "cement") ...the burned product, known as "clinker," together with some 5 percent of gypsum (to control the time of set of the cement). The three processes of manufacture are known as the wet, dry, and semidry processes and are so termed when the raw materials are ground wet and fed to ...
- dry processing
- (from the article "photography, technology of") Processing baths can be completely eliminated by incorporating in the emulsion of the paper development and stabilization chemicals that become active on heating. One method is to disperse the processing chemicals in the emulsion in microscopic capsules containing the solution and a blowing agent. On passing the exposed paper over ...
- dry quenching
- (from the article "coal utilization") ...coke to a quenching station, where it is cooled with water. In some plants the red-hot coke is cooled in circulating inert gases, the heat abstracted being used to generate steam. This is called dry quenching.
- dry rot
- (from the article "dry rot") symptom of fungal disease in plants, characterized by firm spongy to leathery or hard decay of stem (branch), trunk, root, rhizome, corm, bulb, or fruit. See bulb rot; crown gall; fruit spot; heart rot; rot.damage to buildingsart conservation and restoration
- dry salting
- (from the article "fish processing") Curing reduces water activity through the addition of chemicals, such as salt, sugars, or acids. There are two main types of salt-curing used in the fish industry: dry salting and pickle-curing. In dry salting the butchered fish is split along the backbone and buried in salt (called a wet stack). ...
- dry savanna
- (from the article "savanna") ...dry season is typically longer than the wet season, but it varies considerably, from two to eleven months. Mean monthly temperatures are around 10 ° to 20 °C (50 ° to 68 °F) in the dry season and 20 ° to 30 °C (68 ° to 86 °F) in the ...
- dry season
- (from the article "drought") 2. Seasonal drought occurs in climates that have well-defined annual rainy and dry seasons; for successful agriculture, planting must be adjusted so that the crops develop during the rainy season.
grasslandsgrasslandEnvironment...grasslands receive 500 to 1,500 millimetres (20 to 60 in
- dry sleep
- (from the article "lungfish") African lungfishes bore into the bottom of a riverbed or lake bed for their "dry sleep." After burying themselves they become encased in a sheath that gradually hardens. Here they spend the dry season, during which the waterline becomes lower and the riverbed or lake bed finally dries out. The ...
- dry spinning
- (from the article "fibre, man-made") One of the oldest methods for the preparation of man-made fibres is solution spinning, which was introduced industrially at the end of the 19th century. Solution spinning includes wet spinning and dry spinning. The former method was first used to produce rayon fibres, and the latter method was used to ...
- Dry Tortugas
- the last seven in a long string of coral islands (keys) and sandbars that extend westward from Key West (Monroe county), at the tip of southern Florida, U.S., into the Gulf of Mexico. The islands-Bush, East, Garden, Hospital, Loggerhead, Long, and Middle keys-and the unfinished Fort Jefferson (1846-76) on Garden ...
- Dry Tortugas National Park
- (from the article "Everglades") ...subtropical wilderness left in the United States. The park was authorized in 1934, but, because of difficulties acquiring land, it was not established until 1947. UNESCO designated it (along with Dry Tortugas National Park) a Biosphere Reserve in 1976 and a World Heritage site in 1979. The park has been ...
- dry valley
- (from the article "Antarctica") ...levels. General lowering of levels caused some former glaciers flowing from the polar region through the Transantarctic Mountains to recede and nearly vanish, producing such spectacular "dry valleys" as the Wright, Taylor, and Victoria valleys near McMurdo Sound. Doubt has been shed on the common belief that Antarctic ice has ...
- Dry West
- (from the article "United States") In the United States, to speak of dry areas is to speak of the West. It covers an enormous region beyond the dependable reach of moist oceanic air, occupying the entire Intermontane area and sprawling from Canada to Mexico across the western part of the Great Plains. To Americans nurtured ...
- dry yeast
- (from the article "baking") ...addition level might be 2 percent of the dough weight. Bakeries receive yeast in the form of compressed cakes containing about 70 percent water or as dry granules containing about 8 percent water. Dry yeast, more resistant to storage deterioration than compressed yeast, requires rehydration before it is added to ...
- dry zone
- (from the article "Irrawaddy River") ...south, except near Kabwet, where a sheet of lava has caused the river to bend sharply westward. Leaving the third defile at Kyaukmyaung, the river follows a broad, open course through the central dry zone-the ancient cultural heartland-where large areas consist of alluvial flats. From Mandalay (formerly the capital of ...
- Dry Zone
- (from the article "Sri Lanka") ...east of the highlands and then flows toward the northeast coast. Because a part of its catchment is well within the Wet Zone, this river has a larger and less seasonally varied flow than the other Dry Zone rivers and so is a major asset for irrigation in the drier ...
- dry-bulb thermometer
- (from the article "hygrometer") The psychrometer (q.v.) is a hygrometer that utilizes two thermometers-one wet-bulb and one dry-bulb-to determine humidity through evaporation. A wetted cloth wraps the wet-bulb thermometer at its enlarged end. By rapidly rotating both thermometers, or by blowing air over the bulbs, the temperature of the wet-bulb thermometer is cooler than ...
- dry-bulk ship
- (from the article "ship") Designed for the carriage of ore, coal, grain, and the like, dry-bulk ships bear a superficial likeness to container ships since they often have no cargo handling gear and, unlike the tanker, have large cargo hatches. The absence of containers on deck is a decisive indicator that a vessel is ...
- dry-hulling process
- (from the article "coffee") In this process, the fruits are immediately placed to dry either in sunlight or in hot-air driers. Although mechanical drying is replacing the labour- and time-consuming sun drying, more time and equipment are required than in drying pulped seeds in the wet process. When the fruits have been dried to ...
- dry-kiln seasoning
- (from the article "seasoning") ...seasoning, the boards are stacked and divided by narrow pieces of wood called stickers so that the air can circulate freely about each board. The stack is slanted to facilitate drainage of rain. In dry-kiln seasoning, the wood is placed in a structure in which heat, humidity, and air circulation ...
- dry-press process
- (from the article "brick and tile") ...excess clay is struck from the top of the mold. It is from this process that the terms wood-mold, sand-struck, or water-struck brick were derived. Clays with very low plasticity are used in the dry-press process. A minimum of water is added, the material is placed in steel molds, and ...
- dry-snow zone
- (from the article "glacier") Another classification distinguishes the surface zones, or facies, on parts of a glacier. In the dry-snow zone no surface melting occurs, even in summer; in the percolation zone some surface melting may occur, but the meltwater refreezes at a shallow depth; in the soaked zone sufficient melting and refreezing take ...
- dry-well installation
- (from the article "environmental works") ...chamber or tank to receive and hold the sewage until it is pumped out. Specially designed submersible pumps and motors can be located at the bottom of the chamber, completely below the water level. Dry-well installations have two separate chambers, one to receive the wastewater and one to enclose and ...
- dry-wood termite
- (from the article "termite") Dry-wood termites nest in the wood on which they feed and do not invade a structure from the soil. Because their colonies are within the structure, they are difficult to control. Preventive measures include the use of chemically treated wood in building construction and the use of paint or other ...
- Dryad
- (from the article "nymph") ..."mountain") were nymphs of mountains and grottoes; the Napaeae (nape, "dell") and the Alseids (alsos, "grove") were nymphs of glens and groves; the Dryads or Hamadryads presided over forests and trees.
- dryad's saddle
- (from the article "basidiocarp") ...fungi. The largest basidiocarps include giant puffballs (Calvatia gigantea), which can be 1.6 m (5.25 feet) long, 1.35 m broad, and 24 cm (9.5 inches) high, and those of bracket fungi (Polyporus squamosus)-2 m in diameter. The smallest are single cells of the yeastlike Sporobolomyces.mushroom
- Dryburgh Abbey
- (from the article "Newtown Saint Boswells") ...consisted mainly of railway employees. Since then its main function has changed to local governmental administration, and it has important livestock sales and a campus of Borders College. Nearby Dryburgh Abbey, founded in 1150 for the Premonstratensian order, has the tombs of Sir Walter Scott and Earl Haig (Field Marshal ...
- Dryden, Hugh L
- U.S. physicist and deputy administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for seven years.
- Dryden, John
- English poet, dramatist, and literary critic who so dominated the literary scene of his day that it came to be known as the Age of Dryden. [22 Related Articles]
- Dryden, John Fairfield
- American senator and businessman, the founder of the Prudential Insurance Company of America, the first company to issue industrial life insurance in the United States.
- Dryden, Spencer
- American drummer (b. April 7, 1938, New York, N.Y.-d. Jan. 11, 2005, Petaluma, Calif.), helped create the sound of the psychedelic rock band Jefferson Airplane during its heyday in the late 1960s. Dryden was enjoying a career as a jazz drummer in Los Angeles when he was hired to replace ... [1 Related Articles]
- Dryer, Thomas J.
- (from the article "Oregonian, The") It was founded as a weekly in 1850, when Portland had only 700 inhabitants. The paper's first publisher, Thomas J. Dryer, was appointed by President Abraham Lincoln to be U.S. commissioner of the Sandwich Islands (later the Hawaiian Islands), and Dryer gave the paper to his typographer and printer, Henry ...
- dryeration
- (from the article "agricultural technology") In a process called dryeration, wet corn (maize) is placed in a batch or continuous dryer. After losing 10 to 12 percent of its moisture, the hot corn is transferred to the dryeration cooling bin, in which it is tempered for six to 10 hours and then slowly cooled by ...
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