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Charles X ... Charlton, Sir Bobby

Charles X king of France from 1824 to 1830. His reign dramatized the failure of the Bourbons, after their restoration, to reconcile the tradition of the monarchy by divine right with the democratic spirit produced in the wake of the Revolution. Charles X Gustav king of Sweden who conducted the First Northern War (1655-60) against a coalition eventually embracing Poland, Russia, Brandenburg, the Netherlands, and Denmark. His aim was to establish a unified northern state. Charles XI king of Sweden who expanded royal power at the expense of the higher nobility and the lower estates, establishing an absolutist monarchy that ended only with the death of Charles XII in 1718. Charles XII king of Sweden (1697-1718), an absolute monarch who defended his country for 18 years during the Great Northern War and promoted significant domestic reforms. He launched a disastrous invasion of Russia (1707-09), resulting in the complete collapse of the Swedish armies and the loss of Sweden's status as a great ... Charles XIII king of Sweden from 1809 and, from 1814 to 1818, first king of the union of Sweden and Norway (called Karl II in Norway). The second son of King Adolf Frederick of Sweden, he was created duke of Sodermanland by his elder brother, King Gustav III, and later served as ... Charles XIV John French Revolutionary general and marshal of France (1804), who was elected crown prince of Sweden (1810), becoming regent and then king of Sweden and Norway (1818-44). Active in several Napoleonic campaigns between 1805 and 1809, he subsequently shifted allegiances and formed Swedish alliances with Russia, Great Britain, and Prussia, which ... Charles XV king of Sweden and Norway from 1859 to 1872 (called Karl IV in Norway). Succeeding his father, Oscar I, on July 8, 1859, Charles was an intelligent and artistically inclined ruler much liked in both kingdoms. The royal power, however, was considerably reduced during his reign as the Riksdag (parliament) ... Charles's law a statement that the volume occupied by a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature, if the pressure remains constant. This empirical relation was first suggested by the French physicist J.-A.-C. Charles about 1787 and was later placed on a sound empirical footing by the chemist ... Charles, Archduke Austrian archduke, field marshal, army reformer, and military theoretician who was one of the few Allied commanders capable of defeating the French generals of the Napoleonic period. He modernized the Austrian army during the first decade of the 19th century, making it a formidable fighting force that contributed materially to ... Charles, Eugenia lawyer and politician who served as prime minister of Dominica from 1980 to 1995. She was the country's first woman lawyer and the first woman prime minister to serve in the Caribbean. Charles, Ezzard American world heavyweight boxing champion from September 27, 1950, when he outpointed Joe Louis in 15 rounds in New York City, to July 18, 1951, when he was knocked out by Jersey Joe Walcott in 7 rounds in Pittsburgh. Charles, Jacques-Alexandre-Cesar French mathematician, physicist, and inventor who, with Nicolas Robert, was the first to ascend in a hydrogen balloon (1783). About 1787 he developed Charles's law (q.v.) concerning the thermal expansion of gases. Charles, Prince of Lorraine and Bar Austrian field marshal and administrator whose exemplary governorship of the Austrian Netherlands overshadowed his questionable military talents. Charles, prince of Wales heir apparent to the British throne, eldest child of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, duke of Edinburgh. Charles, Ray American pianist, singer, composer, and bandleader, a leading black entertainer billed as "the Genius." Charles was credited with the early development of soul music, a style based on a melding of gospel, rhythm and blues, and jazz music. Charles, Thomas Welsh religious leader, a founder of Calvinistic Methodism in Wales and an inspirer of missionary activities. Charlesbourg former city, Quebec region, southern Quebec province, Canada. In 2002 it was incorporated into Quebec city, becoming a borough of the enlarged city. It lies in the northwestern part of the city. First known as Bourg Royal and later renamed in honour of its patron saint, Charles Borromee, it is ... Charleson, Ian Scottish stage actor best known for his work in the film Chariots of Fire (1981), which won an Academy Award Oscar for best picture. Charleston city, seat (1830) of Coles county, east-central Illinois, U.S. It lies near the Embarras River, about 45 miles (70 km) south of Champaign. First settled by Benjamin Parker (1826), it was named for Charles Morton, its first postmaster. In September 1858 Charleston was the scene of the fourth debate between ... Charleston county, southern South Carolina, U.S. It comprises a low-lying coastal region with numerous swamps and marshy areas. A portion of the Sea Islands, strung along the Atlantic coast, form the southeastern border; rivers and the Intracoastal Waterway separate the islands from the mainland. The northern end of this long, narrow ... Charleston city, seat of Charleston county, southeastern South Carolina, U.S. It is a major port on the Atlantic coast, a historic centre of Southern culture, and the hub of a large urbanized area that includes Mount Pleasant, North Charleston, Hanahan, and Goose Creek. The city is situated on a peninsula between ... Charleston city, capital of West Virginia, U.S., seat of Kanawha county, and the largest city in the state. It is situated in the Allegheny Mountains, at the confluence of the Elk and Kanawha rivers (there bridged to South Charleston), in the south-central part of the state. Charleston social jazz dance highly popular in the 1920s and frequently revived. Characterized by its toes-in, heels-out twisting steps, it was performed as a solo, with a partner, or in a group. Mentioned as early as 1903, it was originally a black folk dance known throughout the American South and especially ... Charleston, College of public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Charleston, South Carolina, U.S. It consists of schools of the Arts, Business and Economics, Education, Humanities and Social Sciences, and Sciences and Mathematics. The college offers a range of bachelor's degree programs. In cooperation with several nearby institutions, the affiliated University of Charleston ... Charleston, Oscar American baseball player and manager who was considered by many to have been the best all-around ballplayer in the history of the Negro leagues. Charleston, Siege of (1780) during the American Revolution, British land and sea campaign that cut off and forced the surrender of Charleston, S.C., the principal port city of the southern American colonies. Charlestown chief town and port on Nevis, an eastern Caribbean island in Saint Kitts and Nevis, on a bay on the western coast. It became the chief town after Jamestown, Nevis's first settlement, was inundated by a tidal wave in 1680. In the late 18th century Charlestown was both a naval ... Charlestown section of Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. It is situated on a small peninsula between the estuaries of the Charles and Mystic rivers. The locality is dominated by several low hills, including the famous Bunker and Breed's hills. First settled in 1628, it originally comprised a large area, which was whittled away ... Charleville town, south-central Queensland, Australia. It lies along the Warrego River at an elevation of 974 feet (297 metres). The town was settled in 1842 and named for Charleville (Rath Luirc), Ireland. It developed as a service centre for the sheep belt. The first regular Qantas air route in Australia-between Charleville ... Charleville-Mezieres twin towns, jointly capital of Ardennes departement, Champagne-Ardenne region, northeastern France. They lie along the Meuse River, 52 miles (84 km) northeast of Reims and 9 miles (14 km) southwest of the Belgian frontier. The twin towns of Charleville and Mezieres (formerly Maceriae, meaning "ramparts") were united into a single ... Charlevoix city, seat (1869) of Charlevoix county, northwestern Michigan, U.S. It is located between Lake Charlevoix and Lake Michigan, about 50 miles (80 km) southwest of Mackinaw City and the Straits of Mackinac. Settled by fishermen by 1852, it was built on the site of an Indian village and was known ... Charlevoix, Pierre-Francois-Xavier de French Jesuit who wrote one of the earliest descriptive accounts of North America. Charlie Brown 20th-century American comic strip character, one of the main figures in Peanuts, Charles Schulz's enormously popular, highly acclaimed American newspaper and paperback cartoon strip (first run on Oct. 2, 1950). The hapless Charlie Brown (who was usually called by both names-though Peppermint Patty invariably called him Chuck and the bespectacled ... charlock (Brassica kaber, or Sinapis arvensis), early-flowering weed of the mustard family (Brassicaceae), once widespread in grainfields in Europe and North America. Charlock reaches 1 metre (3 feet) and has stiff bristles on the stems and leaves. The long pod fruits, which form after the yellow flowers bloom, each enclose 10 ... Charlot, Andre French theatrical impresario best remembered for the musical revues that he produced in London from 1912 to 1937. Charlot, Jean French-born muralist, painter, and book illustrator who was known for monumental frescoes that show the influence of Mayan art. Charlotte queen consort of George III of England. In 1761 she was selected unseen after the British king asked for a review of all eligible German Protestant princesses. The marriage was a success, and the couple had 15 children, including George IV. After the king was declared insane (1811), Parliament turned ... Charlotte grand duchess of Luxembourg from 1919 to 1964. Her constitutional reign saw the evolution of Luxembourg into a modern social-democratic state. Charlotte city, seat (1774) of Mecklenburg county, south-central North Carolina, U.S. It lies just east of the Catawba River in the Piedmont region. Settled about 1750, it was incorporated in 1768 and named for Princess Charlotte Sophia of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, George III's queen. The so-called Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence (a series of ... charlotte either of two traditional French desserts, both formed in a deep, cylindrical mold. For a fruit charlotte the mold is lined with well-buttered bread, filled with a thick puree of apples, apricots, or other fruit, topped with additional slices of bread, and baked. It is served warm, often with a ... Charlotte Amalie city, capital of the U.S. Virgin Islands and of St. Thomas Island, situated at the head of St. Thomas Harbor on the island's southern shore. The largest city in the Virgin Islands, it is built on three low volcanic spurs called Frenchman Hill (Foretop Hill), Berg Hill (Maintop), and Government ... Charlotte Bobcats American professional basketball team based in Charlotte, North Carolina, that plays in the Eastern Conference of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Charlotte Dundas first practical steamboat, designed by the Scottish engineer William Symington, and built for towing on the Forth and Clyde Canal. She proved herself in a test in March 1802 by pulling two 70-ton barges 19 12 miles (31 kilometres) in six hours. The tug, 56 feet (17 metres) long by ... Charlotte Harbor shallow inlet of the Gulf of Mexico, indenting the southwest coast of Florida, U.S., between Sarasota and Fort Myers. It covers about 270 square miles (700 square km). The Peace and Myakka rivers enter the harbour's north end, and a dredged channel serves the port of Punta Gorda. The harbour ... Charlotte's Web children's novel by E.B. White, published in 1952, with illustrations by Garth Williams. This widely read tale, which is one of the classics of children's literature, takes place on a farm in Maine and concerns a pig named Wilbur and his devoted friend Charlotte, the spider who manages to save ... Charlottenburg area of Berlin, Ger., on the Spree River. Originally called Lietzenburg, it was renamed for Sophie Charlotte, wife of Frederick I, king of Prussia, and was chartered in 1705. It was incorporated into Berlin in 1920. The palace, built in 1695-99 for the Queen, contains collections of antiquities, paintings, and ... Charlottesville city, administratively independent of, but located in, Albemarle county, central Virginia, U.S. It lies on the Rivanna River, in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains, about 70 miles (112 km) northwest of Richmond, on the main route west from the Tidewater region. It was settled in the 1730s and ... Charlottetown city, seat of Queens county and capital (1765) of Prince Edward Island, Canada. It is located on Hillsborough Bay, an arm of Northumberland Strait, at the mouths of the Elliot (west), North, and Hillsborough rivers. Originating in the 1720s as a French settlement called Port la Joie (the site of ... Charlottetown Conference (1864), first of a series of meetings that ultimately led to the formation of the Dominion of Canada. In 1864 a conference was planned to discuss the possibility of a union of the Maritime Provinces. The Province of Canada (consisting of present-day Ontario and Quebec) requested and received permission to ... Charlton, Boy Australian swimmer who won five Olympic medals. Charlton, Sir Bobby football (soccer) player and manager who is regarded as one of the greatest English footballers. On April 21, 1970, he became one of the very few players to have appeared in 100 full international matches; from 1957 to 1973 he made a total of 106 appearances for England-a national record ...