| | - Cunliffe, Walter Cunliffe, 1st Baron
- English banker who established in London the merchant banking business of Cunliffe Brothers (afterward Goschens and Cunliffe).
- Cunningham, Agnes
- American folk-song composer (b. Feb. 19, 1909, Watongo, Okla.-d. June 27, 2004, New Paltz, N.Y.), cofounded in 1962 the small but inspirational folk-song journal Broadside with her husband, Gordon Friesen. Although its circulation never topped four figures, the journal proved instrumental in promoting folk music that delivered strong leftist political ...
- Cunningham, Allan
- (from the article "Australia") ...rich pastoral country. John Oxley further mapped the inland plains and rivers, especially the Lachlan and Macquarie, and also explored the southern coasts of the future Queensland (1823), while Allan Cunningham was the great pioneer of that state's hinterland (1827). Meanwhile, in 1824-25, Hamilton Hume and William Hovell went overland ...
- Cunningham, Allan
- Scottish poet, a member of the brilliant circle of writers that included Thomas De Quincey, Charles Lamb, William Hazlitt, John Keats, and Thomas Hood, who were contributors to the London Magazine in its heyday in the early 1820s.
- Cunningham, Andrew Browne
- British naval officer who was an outstanding combat commander early in World War II and served as first sea lord of the Admiralty from 1943 to 1946.
- Cunningham, Emory Orgustus
- American publisher (b. March 17, 1921, Kansas, Ala.-d. Jan. 24, 2000, Birmingham, Ala.), founded Southern Living magazine in 1966, a publication that highlighted the hospitality of the American South and was credited with increasing appreciation of the region's culture. In 1985 he sold Southern ...
- Cunningham, Glenn
- American middle-distance runner who repeatedly broke world and national records for the mile in the 1930s.
- Cunningham, Harry B.
- (from the article "Kmart") In 1962, under a program designed by company president Harry B. Cunningham, Kresge's entered the large-scale discount retail market with construction of the first Kmart store outside Detroit. With its success, the company expanded aggressively, erecting an average of 85 discount stores per year over the next two decades throughout ...
- Cunningham, Imogen
- American photographer who is best known for her portraits and her images of plant life. [2 Related Articles]
- Cunningham, Kate Richards O'Hare
- American socialist and reformer whose vocal political activism led to a brief prison stint and a longer subsequent career as a prison-reform advocate.
- Cunningham, Laurie
- professional football (soccer) player. In 1977 Cunningham joined West Bromwich Albion as a forward/striker. Albion featured two other players of African descent, Brendan Batson and Cyrille Regis, and the three of them were known as the "Three Degrees." The presence of three black players on one squad was unheard of ...
- Cunningham, Merce
- American modern dancer and choreographer who developed new forms of abstract dance movement. [7 Related Articles]
- Cunningham, Philip
- (from the article "Castle Hill Rising") The rebel leader, Philip Cunningham, was captured on March 5 and immediately hanged (martial law was in effect for the area from March 5 until March 10). Later, eight other convicts were tried and hanged as well.
- Cunningham, R. Walter
- American astronaut and civilian participant in the Apollo 7 mission (Oct. 11-22, 1968), in which the first manned flight of Apollo Command and Service modules was made.
- Cunningham, Sir Alan Gordon
- British army officer who scored important victories over Italian forces in eastern Africa during World War II, enabling the exiled emperor Haile Selassie to return to power in Ethiopia.
- Cunningham, Sir Alexander
- British army officer and archaeologist who excavated many sites in India, including Sarnath and Sanchi, and served as the first director of the Indian Archaeological Survey. [2 Related Articles]
- Cunningham, Sir Josias
- Northern Irish politician (b. Jan. 20, 1934, County Antrim, N.Ire.-d. Aug. 9, 2000, Belfast, N.Ire.), was a key figure for more than 25 years in the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), Northern Ireland's largest Protestant political party, and was president of the UUP's governing body, the Ulster Unionist Council, from 1991. ...
- Cunningham, Ward
- (from the article "wiki") World Wide Web (WWW) site that can be modified or contributed to by users. Wikis can be dated to 1995, when American computer programmer Ward Cunningham created a new collaborative technology for organizing information on Web sites. Using a Hawaiian term meaning "quick," he called this new software WikiWikiWeb, attracted ...
- Cunningham, William
- British economist and clergyman who was largely responsible for the establishment of economic history as a scholastic discipline in British universities. Cunningham was ordained in the Church of England in 1873 and became vicar of Great St. Mary's, Cambridge (1887), and archdeacon of Ely (1906). From 1891 to 1897 he ...
- Cuno, Wilhelm (Carl Josef)
- German politician and business leader, general director of the Hamburg-American Line, and chancellor of the Weimar Republic during the Franco-Belgian invasion of the Ruhr (1923). [2 Related Articles]
- Cunobelinus
- ruler of a large area of southeastern Britain from roughly AD 10 to 42. He is the Cymbeline in William Shakespeare's play of that name, but the play's fanciful plot bears no relation to the events in Cunobelinus's career. [1 Related Articles]
- Cunoniaceae
- family of leathery-leaved plants, in the order Oxalidales, comprising 26 genera of shrubs and trees, native primarily to tropical areas of the Southern Hemisphere. Several of the trees are cultivated as ornamentals, including Geissois racemosa, a New Zealand species with crimson flowers, and Cunonia capensis, a small southern African tree ...
- Cuntaramurtti
- (from the article "Nayanar") ...poet-musicians of the 7th and 8th centuries AD who composed devotional hymns of great beauty in honour of the Hindu god Siva. The images of the poets Nanacampantar, Appar, and Cuntaramurtti (often called "the three") are worshiped in South Indian temples as saints. They were approximately contemporary with their Vaisnava ...
- Cunucunuma River
- (from the article "Orinoco River") ...the level plains of the Llanos. The volume of the river increases as it receives numerous mountain tributaries, including the Mavaca River on the left bank and the Manaviche, Ocamo, Padamo, and Cunucunuma rivers on the right.
- Cunza language
- (from the article "Table 63: South American Indian Language Groups") The language of the Atacama was called Cunza, or Lincan Antai, of which a vocabulary of about 1,100 words has been recorded.
- Cuoco, Vincenzo
- Italian historian noted for his history of the Neapolitan Revolution of 1799. [1 Related Articles]
- Cuomo, Mario M.
- (from the article "Russert, Tim") ...the successful U.S. Senate campaign of Daniel Patrick Moynihan; he later served as Moynihan's chief of staff. During the New York gubernatorial race of 1982, Russert served on the campaign staff of Mario Cuomo. In 1984 he began working at the Washington Bureau of the National Broadcasting Co., Inc. (NBC), ...
- Cuong De
- Vietnamese prince who was cultivated by Vietnamese nationalists at the turn of the 20th century to serve as a symbol of a free Vietnam. [1 Related Articles]
- cup
- unit of volume in the British Imperial and United States Customary systems of measurement. The U.S. liquid cup is equal to 14 716 cubic inches, or 236.59 cubic cm; the more rarely used U.S. dry cup is equal to 1.164 liquid cups. In Great Britain a single cup is used ...
- cup fungus
- any member of a large group of fungi (kingdom Fungi) in the order Pezizales (phylum Ascomycota) and typically characterized by a disk- or cup-shaped structure (apothecium) bearing spore sacs (asci) on its surface. Some of the cup fungi are important plant pathogens, such as Monilinia (Sclerotinia), causing brown rot in ...
- cup lichen
- (genus Cladonia), widely distributed yellow, gray, or brown lichens usually found on the ground or on rocks in the north. The thallus varies in shape from simple and pointed to cup-shaped. One of the most commonly collected lichens, it contains a gummy or starchy material. When boiled with milk or ...
- Cup of Nations
- (from the article "African Cup of Nations") ...three times. The next trophy, known as the African Unity Cup, was awarded permanently to Cameroon in 2000 when that team claimed its third championship since 1978. In 2002 a new trophy called the Cup of Nations was introduced.
- cup-and-saucer drama
- (from the article "Robertson, Thomas William") ...upon adequate rehearsal, attention to detail, and ensemble playing. The rigorous domestic realism of both his plays and his staging methods gave rise in the 1860s to a broader style known as "cup-and-saucer" drama that exerted significant influence over the development of the English theatre during the second half of ...
- cup-plant
- (from the article "Silphium") The base of each oval cup-plant (Silphium perfoliatum) leaf surrounds the square stem and may hold water. Compass plant, or pilotweed (S. laciniatum), is a prairie plant with large, deeply cut, lance-shaped leaves. It may grow to 3.5 metres (about 12 feet) and has a tall flower stalk with solitary ...
- Cupar
- royal burgh (town) and market centre in northeastern Fife council area and historic county, eastern Scotland. It is situated on the banks of the River Eden in the fertile valley known as the Howe of Fife. During the 13th century Cupar emerged as the centre of the administration of justice ...
- cupboard
- type of furniture that originated in the Middle Ages as a board or table for cups. The word also may have been used for a stepped sideboard and later for open shelves, both to display plate. Since the 16th century the name has referred to a case fitted with doors. [4 Related Articles]
- cupellation
- separation of gold or silver from impurities by melting the impure metal in a cupel (a flat, porous dish made of a refractory, or high-temperature-resistant, material) and then directing a blast of hot air on it in a special furnace. The impurities, including lead, copper, tin, and other unwanted metals, ... [3 Related Articles]
- Cuphea
- genus of more than 200 species of chiefly tropical American herbs or shrubs of the family Lythraceae. Four species-native to Mexico and Central America-are commonly grown indoors for their attractive flowers.
- Cuphea llavea
- (from the article "Cuphea") Cuphea hyssopifolia, elfin herb, is a small hairy shrub with many branches. The small stalkless leaves are crowded and narrow; the flowers are tubular and violet white. C. llavea grows to a height of 60 centimetres (2 feet), is covered with stiff hairs, and has nearly stalkless, oval, rough leaves. ...
- Cuphea micropetala
- (from the article "Cuphea") ...are tubular and violet white. C. llavea grows to a height of 60 centimetres (2 feet), is covered with stiff hairs, and has nearly stalkless, oval, rough leaves. The tubular flowers are red. C. micropetala grows 30-120 cm tall, with oblong leaves; its tubular yellow flowers are scarlet near the ...
- Cupid
- ancient Roman god of love in all its varieties, the counterpart of the Greek god Eros and the equivalent of Amor in Latin poetry. According to myth, Cupid was the son of Mercury, the winged messenger of the gods, and Venus, the goddess of love; he usually appeared as a ... [1 Related Articles]
- Cupisnique
- (from the article "pre-Columbian civilizations") Chavin pottery is best known from the decorated types found in the galleries in the temple at Chavin and in graves on the northern coast, where it is called Cupisnique. Until the end of the period, the ware was monochrome-dull red, brown, or gray-and hard and stonelike. Vessels were massive ...
- cupola
- in architecture, small dome, often resembling an overturned cup, placed on a circular, polygonal, or square base or on small pillars or a glassed-in lantern. It is used to crown a turret, roof, or larger dome. The inner vault of a dome is also a cupola. [1 Related Articles]
- cupola furnace
- in steelmaking, a vertical cylindrical furnace used for melting iron either for casting or for charging in other furnaces. [2 Related Articles]
- cuprammonium rayon
- (from the article "rayon") Cuprammonium rayon, widely known by the trademarked name Bemberg, was developed in 1890 and is made with a spinning solution produced by dissolving cellulose in an ammoniacal copper solution. The fibre, of about the same strength and performing much like viscose rayon, has a fine diameter and is the rayon ...
- Cupressaceae
- the cypress family (order Pinales), 30 genera with 133 species of evergreen ornamental and timber shrubs and trees, distributed throughout the world. The leaves of these plants are opposite or whorled and usually paired or in threes. Adult leaves are narrow, scalelike, and pressed against the branchlets, which themselves are ... [1 Related Articles]
- cupric carbonate
- (from the article "copper") Other important copper(II) compounds include cupric carbonate [Cu2(OH)2CO3], which is prepared by adding sodium carbonate to a solution of copper sulfate and then filtering and drying the product. It is used as a colouring agent; with arsenic it forms cupric acetoarsenite (commonly known as Paris green), a wood preservative and ...
- cupric chloride
- (from the article "copper") Cupric chloride is a yellowish to brown powder that readily absorbs moisture from the air and turns into the greenish blue hydrate, CuCl2·2H2O. The hydrate is commonly prepared by passing chlorine and water in a contacting tower packed with metallic copper. The anhydrous salt is obtained by heating the hydrate ...
- cupric oxide
- (from the article "copper") Copper(II) compounds of commercial value include cupric oxide (CuO), cupric chloride (CuCl2), and cupric sulfate (CuSO4). Cupric oxide is a black powder that occurs as the minerals tenorite and paramelaconite. Large amounts are produced by roasting mixed copper oxide ores in a furnace at a temperature below 1,030° C (1,900° ...
- cupric sulfate
- (from the article "copper") Cupric sulfate is a salt formed by treating cupric oxide with sulfuric acid. It forms as large, bright-blue crystals containing five molecules of water (CuSO4·5H2O) and is known in commerce as blue vitriol. The anhydrous salt is produced by heating the hydrate to 150° C (300° F). Cupric sulfate is ...
- cuprite
- soft, heavy, red oxide mineral (Cu2O) that is an important ore of copper. A secondary mineral often formed by the weathering of copper sulfide minerals, cuprite is widespread as brilliant crystals, grains, or earthy masses in the oxidized zone of copper lodes. Deposits have been found at Chessy, Fr.; several ...
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