| | - Art and Art Exhibitions: Year in Review 2010
- Art and Art Exhibitions: Year in Review 2011
- Art and Art Exhibitions: Year in Review 2012
- Art and Art Exhibitions: Year in Review 2013
- art brut
- (French: "raw art"), art of the French painter Jean Dubuffet, who in the 1940s promoted art that is crude, inexperienced, and even obscene. Dubuffet, the most important French artist to emerge after World War II, became interested in the art of the mentally ill in mid-career, after studying The Art ...
- Art Center College of Design
- private coeducational institution of higher learning in Pasadena, California, U.S., emphasizing instruction in design and visual arts. The college offers bachelor's and master's degree programs in nine major areas: advertising, environmental design, film, fine art, graphic design, illustration, photography, product design, and transportation design. These degree programs are supported by ...
- art collection
- an accumulation of works of art by a private individual or a public institution. Art collecting has a long history, and most of the world's art museums grew out of great private collections formed by royalty, the aristocracy, or the wealthy.
- art conservation and restoration
- any attempt to conserve and repair architecture, paintings, drawings, prints, sculptures, and objects of the decorative arts (furniture, glassware, metalware, textiles, ceramics, and so on) that have been adversely affected by negligence, willful damage, or, more usually, the inevitable decay caused by the effects of time and human use on ...
- art criticism
- the analysis and evaluation of works of art. More subtly, art criticism is often tied to theory; it is interpretive, involving the effort to understand a particular work of art from a theoretical perspective and to establish its significance in the history of art.
- Art Deco
- movement in the decorative arts and architecture that originated in the 1920s and developed into a major style in western Europe and the United States during the 1930s. Its name was derived from the Exposition Internationale des Arts Decoratifs et Industriels Modernes, held in Paris in 1925, where the style ...
- Art Ensemble of Chicago
- American jazz group, innovators of sound, structure, and form in free jazz. They embraced a diversity of African and African American styles and sources in their creation of what they preferred to call "Great Black Music."
- Art Exhibitions: Year in Review 1995
- Art Exhibitions and Art Sales: Year in Review 1994
- art for art's sake
- a slogan translated from the French l'art pour l'art, which was coined in the early 19th century by the French philosopher Victor Cousin. The phrase expresses the belief held by many writers and artists, especially those associated with Aestheticism, that art needs no justification, that it need serve no political, ...
- art history
- historical study of the visual arts, being concerned with identifying, classifying, describing, evaluating, interpreting, and understanding the art products and historic development of the fields of painting, sculpture, architecture, the decorative arts, drawing, printmaking, photography, interior design, etc.
- Art Institute of Chicago
- museum in Chicago, Illinois, U.S., featuring European, American, and Asian sculpture, paintings, prints and drawings, decorative arts, photography, textiles, and arms and armour, as well as African, pre-Columbian American, and ancient art. The museum contains more than 300,000 works of art. It is especially noted for its extensive collections of ...
- art market
- physical or figurative venue in which art is bought and sold. At its most basic an art market requires a work of art, which might be drawn from a very wide range of collectible objects; a seller; and a buyer, who may participate directly in negotiations or be represented by ...
- Art Nouveau
- ornamental style of art that flourished between about 1890 and 1910 throughout Europe and the United States. Art Nouveau is characterized by its use of a long, sinuous, organic line and was employed most often in architecture, interior design, jewelry and glass design, posters, and illustration. It was a deliberate ...
- Art of Fiction, The
- critical essay by Henry James, published in 1884 in Longman's Magazine. It was written as a rebuttal to "Fiction as One of the Fine Arts," a lecture given by Sir Walter Besant in 1884, and is a manifesto of literary realism that decries the popular demand for novels that are ...
- art rock
- eclectic branch of rock music that emerged in the late 1960s and flourished in the early to mid-1970s. The term is sometimes used synonymously with progressive rock, but the latter is best used to describe "intellectual" album-oriented rock by such British bands as Genesis, King Crimson, Pink Floyd, and Yes. ...
- ART SALES: Deaccessioning: Year in Review 1994
- In the second half of the 20th century, and particularly from the 1970s on, deaccessioning, the sale by a museum of works from its permanent collection, has raised ethical questions. Faced with rising costs, museums began to consider selling art objects to fund administrative and building costs. While deaccessioning to ...
- art, academy of
- in the visual arts, institution established primarily for the instruction of artists but often endowed with other functions, most significantly that of providing a place of exhibition for students and mature artists accepted as members. In the late 15th and early 16th centuries, a series of short-lived "academies" that had ...
- Art, Antiques, and Collections: Year in Review 1996
- Art, Antiques, and Collections: Year in Review 1997
- The art market in 1996 continued to rebound from the 1990 crash as auction sales remained buoyant. The major auction houses Christie's and Sotheby's had the most success for good paintings in the middle market range ($300,000-$2 million), but the sky-high prices seen in the late 1980s showed no sign ...
- Art, Antiques, and Collections: Year in Review 1998
- Art, Antiques, and Collections: Year in Review 1999
- Art, Antiques, and Collections: Year in Review 2000
- Art, Antiques, and Collections: Year in Review 2001
- Art, Antiques, and Collections: Year in Review 2002
- Art, Antiques, and Collections: Year in Review 2003
- In 2002 major exhibitions such as Documenta 11 reflected the diverse nature of contemporary art: artists from a variety of cultures received widespread recognition for work ranging from installation to video to painting. More traditional art remained in demand, as major auction houses set record prices for artists such as ...
- art, philosophy of
- the study of the nature of art, including such concepts as interpretation, representation and expression, and form. It is closely related to aesthetics, the philosophical study of beauty and taste.
- Arta
- city and capital, nomos (department) of Arta, Ipeiros (ancient Epirus) region, Greece. It is situated on the left bank of the Arachthos River north of the Gulf of Arta. The modern city stands on the site of Ambracia, an ancient Corinthian colony and the capital (from 294 BCE) of Pyrrhus, ...
- Arta, Gulf of
- deep inlet on the western coast of Greece. Almost landlocked by the peninsulas of Preveza on the north and Aktion on the south, it has access to the sea through the narrow Prevezis Strait. The northern shore of the gulf is formed by the combined deltas of the Louros and ...
- Artabanus
- minister of the Achaemenid king Xerxes I of Persia, whom he murdered in 465. According to one Greek source, Artabanus had previously killed Xerxes' son Darius and feared that the father would avenge him; other sources relate that he killed Xerxes first and then, pretending that Darius had done so, ...
- Artabanus I
- king of Parthia (reigned 211-191 BC) in southwestern Asia. In 209 he was attacked by the Seleucid king Antiochus III of Syria, who took Hecatompylos, the Arsacid capital (the present location of which is uncertain), and Syrinx in Hyrcania. Finally, however, Antiochus concluded a treaty with Artabanus, who after 206 ...
- Artabanus III
- king of Parthia (reigned c. AD 12-c. 38).
- Artabanus V
- last king of the Parthian empire (reigned c. AD 213-224) in southwest Asia.
- Artaud, Antonin
- French dramatist, poet, actor, and theoretician of the Surrealist movement who attempted to replace the "bourgeois" classical theatre with his "theatre of cruelty," a primitive ceremonial experience intended to liberate the human subconscious and reveal man to himself.
- Artavasdes II
- king of Armenia (reigned 53-34 BC), the son and successor of Tigranes II the Great.
- Artaxerxes I
- Achaemenid king of Persia (reigned 465-425 BC).
- Artaxerxes II
- Achaemenid king of Persia (reigned 404-359/358).
- Artaxerxes III
- Achaemenid king of Persia (reigned 359/358-338 BC).
- Artaxias
- one of the founders of the ancient kingdom of Armenia (reigned 190-159 BC).
- arte mayor
- a Spanish verse form consisting of 8-syllable lines, later changed to 12-syllable lines, usually arranged in 8-line stanzas with a rhyme scheme of abbaacca. The form originated in the late 13th to the early 14th century and was used for most serious poetry in the 15th century. It fell out ...
- arte menor
- in Spanish poetry, a line of two to eight syllables and usually only one accent, most often on the penultimate syllable. Because of the general nature of the form, it has been used for many different types of poetry, from traditional verse narratives to popular songs. The term is a ...
- Arteaga, Rosalia
- first female president of Ecuador. Arteaga was one of three candidates who waged a legal battle for the Ecuadorian presidency in 1997.
- Artemidorus
- soothsayer whose Oneirocritica ("Interpretation of Dreams") affords valuable insight into ancient superstitions, myths, and religious rites. Mainly a compilation of the writings of earlier authors, the work's first three books consider dreams and divination generally; a reply to critics and an appendix make up the fourth book. He was reputed ...
- Artemidorus
- Greek geographer whose systematic geography in 11 books was much used by the famed Greek geographer-historian Strabo (b. 64/63 BCE). Artemidorus's work is based on his itineraries in the Mediterranean and on the records of others. The work is known only from Strabo's references to it and from fragments preserved ...
- Artemis
- in Greek religion, the goddess of wild animals, the hunt, and vegetation, and of chastity and childbirth; she was identified by the Romans with Diana (q.v.). Artemis was the daughter of Zeus and Leto and the twin sister of Apollo. Among the rural populace, Artemis was the favourite goddess. Her ...
- Artemis, Temple of
- at Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World. The great temple was built by Croesus, king of Lydia, about 550 BCE and was rebuilt after being burned by a madman named Herostratus in 356 BCE. The Artemesium was famous not only for its great size (over 350 by ...
- Artemisa
- city, western Cuba, situated east of the Sierra del Rosario. Artemisa is a key commercial and processing centre of the region. Sugarcane, tobacco, and pineapples and other fruits are its major agricultural products. Liquor and soap are made in the city, and sugar refineries are nearby. Artemisa lies on the ...
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