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Arguin Island ... Ariosto, Ludovico

Arguin Island island off the coast of Mauritania; it lies about 50 miles (80 km) southeast of Cape Blanc, in a sheltered Atlantic inlet (Arguin Bay). The island (4 by 2.5 miles [6 by 4 km]) was incorporated into the newly independent Mauritania in 1960. Aridity and poor anchorage have prevented the ... argument in logic, reasons that support a conclusion, sometimes formulated so that the conclusion is deduced from premises. Erroneous arguments are called fallacies in logic (see fallacy). In mathematics, an argument is a variable in the domain of a function and usually appears symbolically in parentheses following the functional symbol. argument from design Argument for the existence of God. According to one version, the universe as a whole is like a machine; machines have intelligent designers; like effects have like causes; therefore, the universe as a whole has an intelligent designer, which is God. The argument was propounded by medieval Christian thinkers, especially ... Argun River river rising in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, on the western slope of the Greater Khingan Range, where it is known as the Hailar River. Its length is 1,007 miles (1,620 km), of which about 600 miles (965 km) form the boundary between China and Russia. Near Luoguhe, ... Argungu town and traditional emirate, Kebbi state, northwestern Nigeria. The town is on the Sokoto (Kebbi) River and lies at the intersection of roads from Birnin Kebbi, Gwandu, Sokoto town, Augi, and Kaingiwa. The town is a collecting point for tobacco, grown in the surrounding riverine floodplains, and peanuts (groundnuts) and ... Argus figure in Greek legend described variously as the son of Inachus, Agenor, or Arestor or as an aboriginal hero (autochthon). His byname derives from the hundred eyes in his head or all over his body, as he is often depicted on Athenian red-figure pottery from the late 6th century BC. ... Argus the first true aircraft carrier. Construction of the Argus began in 1914, and initially it was an Italian liner; it was purchased in 1916 by the British Royal Navy and converted, work being completed in September 1918. The Argus had an unobstructed flight deck about 560 feet (170.7 metres) long ... Argyle, Lake one of Australia's largest reservoirs, in the Kimberley plateau region, northeastern Western Australia. Argyll and Bute council area, western Scotland, extending from the southwestern Grampian Mountains into the waters of the Atlantic Ocean and North Channel in ragged peninsulas indented and separated by deepwater lochs (sea inlets). Freshwater lochs (lakes) dot the inland areas. It includes many islands of the Inner Hebrides-notably Mull, Islay, and Jura. ... Argyll, Archibald Campbell, 10th Earl and 1st Duke of, Marquess Of Kintyre And Lorne, Earl Of Campbell And Cowall, Viscount Of Lochow And Glenyla, Lord Of Inverary, Mull, Morvern, And Tirie one of the Scottish leaders of the Glorious Revolution (1688-89). Argyll, Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess and 8th Earl of, Lord Campbell, Lord Lorne, Lord Of Kintyre leader of Scotland's anti-Royalist party during the English Civil Wars between King Charles I and Parliament. He guided his country to a brief period of independence from political and religious domination by England. Argyll, Archibald Campbell, 3rd Duke of brother of the 2nd Duke of Argyll, and a prominent politician during the early Hanoverian period in Britain. Argyll, Archibald Campbell, 5th Earl of, Lord Campbell, Lord Lorne Scottish Protestant who supported Mary, Queen of Scots. Argyll, Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of, Lord Campbell, Lorne, and Kintyre Scottish Protestant leader who was executed for his opposition to the Roman Catholic James II of Great Britain and Ireland (James VII of Scotland). Argyll, John Campbell, 2nd Duke of, Duke Of Greenwich, Marquess Of Kintyre And Lorne, Earl Of Campbell And Cowall, Earl Of Greenwich, Viscount Of Lochow And Glenyla, Baron Of Chatham, Lord Of Inverary, Mull, Morvern, And Tirie Scottish supporter of the union with England and commander of the British forces in the Jacobite rebellion of 1715. Argyllshire historic county in western Scotland. Argyllshire lies mainly within the Argyll and Bute council area, but northern Argyllshire extends as far as Lochs Shiel, Eil, and Leven in southern Highland council area. argyrodite heavy, dark sulfosalt mineral, a silver and germanium sulfide (Ag8GeS6), in which the element germanium was discovered (1886). It is a relatively scarce mineral found in sulfide veins in Germany and in Bolivia. It forms a solid solution series with canfieldite in which tin replaces germanium in the crystal structure, ... Argyropoulos, John Byzantine humanist and active promoter of the revival of Classical learning in the West. arhat in Buddhism, a perfected person, one who has gained insight into the true nature of existence and has achieved nirvana (spiritual enlightenment). The arhat, having freed himself from the bonds of desire, will not be reborn. Arhus city, eastern Jutland, Denmark. It lies along Arhus Bay and has an extensive harbour. Its origin is unknown, although traces of a Viking settlement have been found near the outflow of the now-covered Arhus stream. The oldest existing charter for the town (1441) refers to a still-earlier charter. Arhus became ... Ari Thorgilsson the Learned Icelandic chieftain, priest, and historian whose Islendingabok (Libellus Islandorum; The Book of the Icelanders) is the first history of Iceland written in the vernacular. Composed before 1133 and covering the period from the settlement of Iceland up to 1120, it includes information on the founding of the Althing (parliament) and ... aria solo song with instrumental accompaniment, an important element of opera but also found extensively in cantatas and oratorios. The term originated in Italy in the 16th century and first gained currency after 1602, when Giulio Caccini published Le nuove musiche (The New Music), a collection of solo songs with continuo ... Ariadne in Greek mythology, daughter of Pasiphae and the Cretan king Minos. She fell in love with the Athenian hero Theseus and, with a thread or glittering jewels, helped him escape the Labyrinth after he slew the Minotaur, a beast half bull and half man that Minos kept in the Labyrinth. ... Ariane family of launch vehicles developed as a means of independent access to space for the European Space Agency (ESA) and as a launcher for commercial payloads. Among the many European satellites launched by Ariane have been Giotto, the probe to Halley's Comet; Hipparcos, the stellar distance-measuring satellite; Rosetta, a comet ... Arianism a Christian heresy first proposed early in the 4th century by the Alexandrian presbyter Arius. It affirmed that Christ is not truly divine but a created being. Arius' basic premise was the uniqueness of God, who is alone self-existent and immutable; the Son, who is not self-existent, cannot be God. ... Ariano Irpino town, Campania regione, southern Italy. It is situated on a rocky eminence in the Apennines, east of Benevento, in a fertile district that has often been devastated by earthquakes. There is a castle of Norman origin and a 16th-century cathedral in Ariano Irpino. Cave dwellings can still be seen in ... Ariaramnes early Achaemenid king of Persia (reigned c. 640-c. 615). Arias Davila, Pedro Spanish soldier and colonial administrator who led the first Spanish expedition to found permanent colonies on the American mainland. Arias de Saavedra, Hernando Spanish-American explorer, soldier, and lieutenant governor (1591-93) and governor (1602-09, 1614-18) of the Spanish district of Rio de la Plata in South America. Arias Navarro, Carlos Spanish politician, the only civilian premier appointed by dictator General Francisco Franco. Arias Sanchez, Oscar president of Costa Rica (1986-90, 2006-10) and recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1987 for his Central American peace plan. Arias, Arnulfo three times president of Panama (June 1940-October 1941, November 1949-May 1951, and October 1-12, 1968) and three times deposed. Aribau, Buenaventura Carles economist and author whose poem Oda a la patria (1832; "Ode to the Fatherland") marked the renaissance of Catalan literature in the 19th century in Spain. Arica city, northern Chile. The city lies along the Pacific coast, at the foot of El Morro (a precipitous headland), and is fringed on its southern edge by sand dunes of the rainless Atacama Desert. Arica is situated near the Peruvian border and is the northernmost Chilean seaport. Founded as San ... Arid, Al- central area of north-central Najd region, Saudi Arabia, in the arid Tuwayq Plateau. It consists of a number of important oases, of which Riyadh, the national capital, is the most important. Aridisol one of the 12 soil orders in the U.S. Soil Taxonomy. Aridisols are dry, desertlike soils that have low organic content and are sparsely vegetated by drought- or salt-tolerant plants. (Not included in this order are soils located in polar regions or high-elevation settings.) Dry climate and low humus content ... Ariel the "airy spirit" in The Tempest (written c. 1611) by William Shakespeare. The witch Sycorax, who formerly ruled the island on which the play is set, had imprisoned the recalcitrant Ariel in a pine tree. The exiled duke Prospero, who is now in charge, releases him magically and engages his ... Ariel second nearest of the five major moons of Uranus. It was discovered in 1851 by William Lassell, an English astronomer, and bears the name of characters in Alexander Pope's poem The Rape of the Lock and William Shakespeare's play The Tempest. Ariel collection of poetry by Sylvia Plath, published posthumously in 1965. Most of the poems were written during the last five months of the author's life, which ended by suicide in 1963. With this volume she attained what amounted to cult status for her cool, unflinching portrayal of mental anguish. Although ... Ariel the first international cooperative Earth satellite, launched April 26, 1962, as a joint project of agencies of the United States and the United Kingdom. Design, construction, telemetry, and launching of the 14.5-kilogram (32-lb) satellite was handled in the United States by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The United ... Aries in astronomy, zodiacal constellation in the northern sky lying between Pisces and Taurus, at about 3 hours right ascension and 20 north declination. Arif, 'Abd al-Salam Iraqi army officer and politician who was president of Iraq from 1963 to 1966. Arigboge brother of the great Mongol leader Kublai Khan and the Mongol chief most disposed toward Christianity. Arikara North American Plains Indians of the Caddoan linguistic family. The cultural roots of Caddoan-speaking peoples lay in the prehistoric mound-building societies of the lower Mississippi River valley. The Arikara were culturally related to the Pawnee, from whom they broke away and moved gradually northward, becoming the northernmost Caddoan tribe. Before ... aril special covering of certain seeds that commonly develops from the seed stalk. It is often a bright-coloured fleshy envelope, as in such woody plants as the yews and nutmeg and in members of the arrowroot family, the genus Oxalis, and the castor bean. Animals are attracted to arils and eat ... Ariminum, Council of (AD 359), in early Christianity, one of the several 4th-century church councils concerned with Arianism; it was called by the pro-Arian Roman emperor Constantius II and held at Ariminum (modern Rimini, Italy). Arinnitti Hittite sun goddess, the principal deity and patron of the Hittite empire and monarchy. Her consort, the weather god Taru, was second to Arinnitti in importance, indicating that she probably originated in matriarchal times. Arinnitti's precursor seems to have been a mother-goddess of Anatolia, symbolic of earth and fertility. Arinnitti's ... Arinos River river, west-central Brazil. It rises in the Arapore Mountains northeast of Cuiaba near Diamantino and flows west for a short distance and then north-northwest across the Mato Grosso Plateau to its junction with the Juruena River, which is a major headstream of the Tapajos River. Ariobarzanes Persian satrap (provincial governor) of Phrygia after about 387. The son of a nobleman, he cultivated the friendship of Athens and Sparta and, about 366, led the unsuccessful revolt of the satraps of western Anatolia against the Persian king Artaxerxes II (reigned 404-359/358 BC). Arion semilegendary Greek poet and musician of Methymna in Lesbos. He is said to have invented the dithyramb (choral poem or chant performed at the festival of Dionysus); that is, he gave it literary form. His father's name, Cycleus, indicates the connection of the son with the cyclic or circular chorus ... Ariosto, Ludovico Italian poet remembered for his epic poem Orlando furioso (1516), which is generally regarded as the finest expression of the literary tendencies and spiritual attitudes of the Italian Renaissance.