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Archer, Lew ... Architecture and Civil Engineering: Year in Review 2011

Archer, Lew fictional private investigator (P.I.) featured in the hard-boiled detective novels of Ross Macdonald. Archer made his first appearance in The Moving Target (1949). In this and subsequent books, including The Galton Case (1959), The Goodbye Look (1969), and The Underground Man (1971), the no-frills P.I. unravels intricate webs of deception ... Archer, Thomas British architect and practitioner of what was, for England, an extraordinarily extravagant Baroque style, marked by lavish curves, large scale, and bold detail. Archer, William Scottish drama critic whose translations and essays championed Henrik Ibsen to the British public. Archermus ancient Greek sculptor from the island of Chios who was known for his treatment of draped female figures. Associated with his father, Micciades, and his sons Bupalus and Athenis, Archermus executed his works in native marble and is said to have been the first sculptor to represent Victory and Love ... Archery: Year in Review 1996 At the 1995 world outdoor target archery championships, held in Jakarta, Indon., August 1-6, the United States won the combined team men's trophy, and Sweden took the women's prize. For the first time since the formation of the sport's governing body in 1931, a new bow division, the Compound, was ... Archery: Year in Review 1997 With a score of 251 out of a possible 270, the United States men's team of Richard Johnson, Justin Huish, and Rod White won the gold medal in the 1996 Olympic Games. No country had been a clear favourite. In women's competition South Korea, with Kim Jo Sun, Kim Kyung ... Archery: Year in Review 1998 In August 1997 the biennial Federation Internationale de Tir a l'Arc (FITA) world target championships were held in Victoria, B.C., with preliminary rounds shot at 90 m, 70 m, 50 m, and 30 m (1 m = 3.28 ft). One-on-one shooting determined the champions. In the women's Olympic (recurve) division, ... Archery: Year in Review 1999 The 1998 European championships, four days of competition in the Olympic and compound bow divisions, were held in Boe, France, in August. The qualifying rounds were shot at 90 m, 70 m, 50 m, and 30 m, and the championship one-on-one rounds were all shot at 70 m (1 m ... Archery: Year in Review 2000 In this pre-Olympic Games year, 68 nations sent more than 550 archers to Riom, France, for the 1999 Federation Internationale de Tir a l'Arc (FITA) world target championships. As in the Olympics, this event was contested at 90-, 70-, 50-, and 30-m distances, with final head-to-head elimination rounds at 70 ... Archery: Year in Review 2001 At the 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney, Australia, archery provided two different stories-one of continuing domination by a women's team and another of a rising new star in his home country. Wind on the second day of the 70 m (1 m=3.28 ft) qualifying rounds was the only negative during ... Archery: Year in Review 2002 In world archery competition, U.S. senior teams won two gold and two silver medals at the Federation Internationale de Tir a l'Arc (FITA) world indoor target championships in Florence in March 2001. The U.S. junior teams held their own by winning two gold and one silver. Archery: Year in Review 2003 There were two world field archery championships in 2002. The International Field Archery Association (IFAA) held its biennial championship on extremely difficult terrain in Dollar, Scot., on August 4-9, while the Federation Internationale de Tir a l'Arc (FITA) held its championship in Canberra, Australia, on moderate terrain, on September 10-14. archery sport involving shooting arrows with a bow, either at an inanimate target or in hunting. Arches National Park desert area of sandstone formations in eastern Utah, U.S., on the Colorado River just north of Moab and northeast of Canyonlands National Park. Established as a national monument in 1929 and as a national park in 1971, it has an area of 120 square miles (310 square km). archetype (from Greek archetypos, "original pattern"), in literary criticism, a primordial image, character, or pattern of circumstances that recurs throughout literature and thought consistently enough to be considered a universal concept or situation. Archias, Aulus Licinius ancient Greek poet who came to Rome, where he was charged in 62 BC with having illegally assumed the rights of a Roman citizen. He was defended by Cicero in the speech known as Pro Archia, but the issue of the trial is unknown. A number of epigrams in the ... Archidamus I 12th king of Sparta of the Eurypontid line. The son of Anaxidamus, he ruled shortly after the close of the second Messenian War (c. 660 BC) and toward the outset of the long war between Sparta and Tegea (the Tegean War). His reign was described by the geographer Pausanias as ... Archidamus II king of Sparta from about 469. Archidamus III king of Sparta, 360-338, succeeding his father, Agesilaus II. Archidamus IV king of Sparta, son of Eudamidas I, grandson of Archidamus III. The dates of his accession and death are unknown. In 294 BC he was defeated by Demetrius I Poliorcetes of Macedonia in a battle at Mantinea, and Sparta was saved only because Demetrius I was called away by the ... Archidamus V 27th Spartan king of the Eurypontids, son of Eudamidas II, grandson of Archidamus IV. He fled to Messenia after the murder of his brother Agis IV in 241 BC. In 227 he was recalled by Cleomenes III, who was then reigning without a colleague, but shortly after his return Archidamus ... Archilochus poet and soldier, the earliest Greek writer of iambic, elegiac, and personal lyric poetry whose works have survived to any considerable extent. The surviving fragments of his work show him to have been a metrical innovator of the highest ability. Archimedes the most famous mathematician and inventor of ancient Greece. Archimedes is especially important for his discovery of the relation between the surface and volume of a sphere and its circumscribing cyclinder. He is known for his formulation of a hydrostatic principle (known as Archimedes' principle) and a device for raising ... Archimedes screw machine for raising water, allegedly invented by the ancient Greek scientist Archimedes for removing water from the hold of a large ship. One form consists of a circular pipe enclosing a helix and inclined at an angle of about 45 degrees to the horizontal with its lower end dipped in ... Archimedes' Lost Method Archimedes' proofs of formulas for areas and volumes set the standard for the rigorous treatment of limits until modern times. But the way he discovered these results remained a mystery until 1906, when a copy of his lost treatise The Method was discovered in Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey). Archimedes' principle physical law of buoyancy, discovered by the ancient Greek mathematician and inventor Archimedes, stating that any body completely or partially submerged in a fluid (gas or liquid) at rest is acted upon by an upward, or buoyant, force the magnitude of which is equal to the weight of the fluid ... archinephros ancestral vertebrate kidney, retained by larvae of hagfish and of some caecilians and occurring in the embryos of higher animals. Two tubes, the archinephric, or Wolffian, ducts, extend between the body cavity and the back and lead to the exterior. A series of tubules, one pair for each body segment, ... archipelagic apron layers of volcanic rock that form a fanlike slope around groups of ancient or recent islands, most commonly in the central and southern Pacific Ocean. The aprons typically have a slope of 1 to 2, with the slope decreasing near the shore; the upper parts may be indented by deep-sea ... Archipenko, Alexander Ukrainian-American artist best known for his original, Cubist-inspired sculptural style. Architects Collaborative, The association of architects specializing in school buildings that was founded in 1946 in Cambridge, Mass., U.S., by Walter Gropius. The original partners included Norman Fletcher, John Harkness, Sarah Harkness, Robert McMillan, Louis McMillen, and Benjamin Thompson. architectural rendering branch of the pictorial arts and of architectural design whose special aim is to show, before buildings have been built, how they will look when completed. Modern renderings fall into two main categories: the quick perspective "design-study," by which an architect records or develops his initial concept of a proposed ... Architecture: Year in Review 1994 The architectural world in 1993 was dominated to a considerable extent by the personality of the British architect Sir Norman Foster. In December it was announced that Foster, 58, was winner of the annual Gold Medal of the American Institute of Architects (AIA), the highest honour in U.S. architecture. It ... Architecture: Year in Review 1995 Probably the most widely noted building of 1994 was the new home of the American Center, which opened in June on the Seine River in the Bercy neighbourhood of Paris. Designed by Los Angeles architect Frank O. Gehry (see BIOGRAPHIES), the centre contained stage and motion-picture theatres and a variety ... Architecture: Year in Review 2001 Two broad architectural trends-Green Architecture and the growing role of computers-seemed more important in 2000 than any individual architect or new building. Architecture: Year in Review 2002 The top architectural story in 2001 was the collapse of the World Trade Center towers in New York City following the September 11 terrorist attacks. Architects and others debated the long-term impact of the disaster. Would the world stop building skyscrapers? Would the threat of terrorism lead people to abandon ... Architecture: Year in Review 2006 Architecture: Year in Review 2007 During 2006 cities worldwide were preoccupied with building new skyscrapers or making plans to erect them in the future. In the Middle East the small emirate of Dubai was becoming a forest of tall buildings, many of which were designed by famous architects. According to Architectural Record magazine, there were ... Architecture: Year in Review 2008 For Notable Civil Engineering Projects in work or completed, 2007, see Table. Architecture: Year in Review 2013 For a table of Notable Civil Engineering Projects in work or completed in 2012, see below. architecture the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction. The practice of architecture is employed to fulfill both practical and expressive requirements, and thus it serves both utilitarian and aesthetic ends. Although these two ends may be distinguished, they cannot be separated, and ... Architecture and Civil Engineering: Year in Review 1996 Architecture and Civil Engineering: Year in Review 1997 Architecture and Civil Engineering: Year in Review 1998 Architecture and Civil Engineering: Year in Review 1999 Architecture and Civil Engineering: Year in Review 2000 (For Notable Civil Engineering Projects in work or completed in 1999, see Table.) Architecture and Civil Engineering: Year in Review 2003 Architecture and Civil Engineering: Year in Review 2004 Architecture and Civil Engineering: Year in Review 2005 Architecture and Civil Engineering: Year in Review 2009 Architecture and Civil Engineering: Year in Review 2010 Architecture and Civil Engineering: Year in Review 2011