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Antiochus III ... Antonio, Mario

Antiochus III Seleucid king of the Hellenistic Syrian Empire from 223 BC to 187, who rebuilt the empire in the East but failed in his attempt to challenge Roman ascendancy in Europe and Asia Minor. He reformed the empire administratively by reducing the provinces in size, established a ruler cult (with himself ... Antiochus IV Epiphanes Seleucid king of the Hellenistic Syrian kingdom who reigned from 175 to 164 BC. As a ruler he was best known for his encouragement of Greek culture and institutions. His attempts to suppress Judaism brought on the Wars of the Maccabees. Antiochus Of Ascalon Greek philosopher who followed Philo of Larissa as the head of the Academy, charting a new course for Platonism. He built up his philosophical system on a foundation of three schools: Platonism, Peripateticism, and Stoicism. Stoic ideas played the most important role in his thinking. He rebelled against two Skeptics, ... Antiochus VII Sidetes who, after reuniting his country, ruled as king of the Seleucid state of Syria in 139/138-129 BC and successfully recovered much of his forefathers' territory before he was slain by the Parthians. Antiope in Greek legend, the mother, by the god Zeus, of the twins Amphion and Zethus. According to one account, her beauty attracted Zeus, who, assuming the form of a satyr, took her by force. Pregnant, she escaped the threats of her father by running away and marrying Epopeus, king of ... antioxidant any of various chemical compounds added to certain foods, natural and synthetic rubbers, gasolines, and other substances to retard autoxidation, the process by which these substances combine with oxygen in the air at room temperature. Retarding autoxidation delays the appearance of such undesirable qualities as rancidity in foods, loss of ... antiparticle subatomic particle having the same mass as one of the particles of ordinary matter but opposite electric charge and magnetic moment. Thus, the positron (positively charged electron) is the antiparticle of the negatively charged electron. The spinning antineutron, like the ordinary neutron, has a net electric charge of zero, but ... antipasto in Italian cuisine, a first course or appetizer (q.v.). In the home, cured or smoked meats and sausages, olives, salted anchovies, sardines, fresh or pickled vegetables, shellfish, peppers, and cheeses are favoured, while restaurant presentations add to these elaborate prepared dishes such as seafood salads, stuffed mushrooms, vitello tonnato (cold ... Antipater Idumaean founder of the Herodian dynasty in Palestine. Antipater gained power in Judaea by making himself useful to the Romans. In return for Antipater's support, Caesar appointed him procurator of Judaea in 47 BC. Although Antipater was assassinated by a political rival four years later, his son, Herod I the ... Antipater Macedonian general, regent of Macedonia (334-23) and of the Macedonian Empire (321-319) whose death signaled the end of centralized authority in the empire. One of the leading men in Macedonia at the death of Philip II in 336, he helped to secure the succession to the Macedonian throne for Philip's ... Antipater son of Herod the Great, who conspired against his half brothers Aristobulus and Alexander for the succession to the throne of Judaea and secured their execution (7 or 6 BC). The following year he was tried for plotting against Herod and Pheroras, Herod's brother, and was executed five days before ... Antiphanes prolific and influential Greek writer of Middle Comedy, which succeeded Old Comedy (known from the 5th-century plays of Aristophanes). Antiphon orator and statesman, the earliest Athenian known to have taken up rhetoric as a profession. He was a logographos; i.e., a writer of speeches for other men to deliver in their defense in court, a function that was particularly useful in the climate of accusation and counter-accusation that prevailed in ... antiphon in Roman Catholic liturgical music, chant melody and text sung before and after a psalm verse, originally by alternating choirs (antiphonal singing). The antiphonal singing of psalms was adopted from Hebrew worship by the early Christian churches, notably that of Syria, and was introduced into the West in the 4th ... antiphonal singing alternate singing by two choirs or singers. Antiphonal singing is of great antiquity and occurs in the folk and liturgical music of many cultures. Descriptions of it occur in the Old Testament. The antiphonal singing of psalms occurred both in ancient Hebrew and early Christian liturgies; alternating choirs would sing-e.g., ... Antipodes Islands outlying island group of New Zealand in the South Pacific Ocean, 350 miles (560 km) southeast of South Island, comprising a central island (5 by 3 miles [8 by 5 km]) and several islets. The total land area is 24 square miles (62 sq km). Coastal cliffs flank an interior ... Antipolo municipality, central Luzon, Philippines. Lying 12 miles (19 km) east of Manila in the Sierra Madre foothills, it was founded in 1578. Antipolo is the home of the icon of Nuestra Senora de la Paz y Buen Viaje ("Our Lady of Peace and Safe Voyage"). The icon, after repeated safe ... antipope in the Roman Catholic church, one who opposes the legitimately elected bishop of Rome, endeavours to secure the papal throne, and to some degree succeeds materially in the attempt. This abstract definition is necessarily broad and does not reckon with the complexity of individual cases. The elections of several antipopes ... antiproton subatomic particle of the same mass as a proton but having a negative electric charge and oppositely directed magnetic moment. It is the proton's antiparticle. Antiprotons were first produced and identified in 1955 by Emilio Segre, Owen Chamberlain (for which they received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1959), and ... antique a relic or old object having aesthetic, historic, and financial value. Formerly, it referred only to the remains of the classical cultures of Greece and Rome; gradually, decorative arts-courtly, bourgeois, and peasant-of all past eras and places came to be considered antique. ANTIQUES AND COLLECTIBLES: Sotheby's Birthday: Year in Review 1995 At precisely 12 noon on March 11, 1994, Sotheby's, the world's leading art auction house, invited each staff member to raise a glass of champagne to toast the firm's 250th birthday. During the company's first two centuries in business, Sotheby's had reigned exclusively as the world's largest seller of books ... Antiquing for the Ages: The Search for Hidden Treasures: Year in Review 2002 The promise of huge payoffs sent droves of treasure seekers to attics, basements, yard sales, and trash piles in 2001. Fueling the antique mania was the popularity and high visibility of television shows, including Antiques Road Show, Treasures in Your Attic, and Appraisal Fair, featuring experts who revealed in a ... Antiquities of the Jews, The an account of Jewish history from its early beginnings to the revolt against Rome in AD 66, written in Greek in about AD 93 by Flavius Josephus, a general in the Jewish army who defected to Rome. His writings are not always accepted as totally reliable. Antirent War (1839-46), in U.S. history, civil unrest and rioting in upper New York state arising from the dissatisfaction of leaseholding farmers over the patroon system then prevailing on the great hereditary estates, originally established by the Dutch. In addition to rent, a farmer had to provide certain services to the landowner; ... antiseptic any of several substances used to inhibit the growth of or destroy infectious microorganisms. See antimicrobial agent. antiserum blood serum that contains specific antibodies against an infective organism or poisonous substance. Antiserums are produced in animals (e.g., horse, sheep, ox, rabbit) and man in response to infection, intoxication, or vaccination and may be used in another individual to confer immunity to a specific disease or to treat bites ... Antisthenes Greek philosopher, of Athens, who was a disciple of Socrates and is considered the founder of the Cynic school of philosophy, though Diogenes of Sinope often is given that credit. antistrophe in Greek lyric odes, the second part of the traditional three-part structure. The antistrophe followed the strophe and preceded the epode. In the choral odes of Greek drama each of these parts corresponded to a specific movement of the chorus as it performed that part. During the strophe the chorus ... antitank weapon any of several guns, missiles, and mines intended for use against tanks. The first response to the introduction of tanks during World War I was a variety of grenades and large-calibre rifles designed to penetrate tanks' relatively thin armour or disable their tracks. Land mines and ordinary artillery were also ... antithesis a figure of speech in which irreconcilable opposites or strongly contrasting ideas are placed in sharp juxtaposition and sustained tension, as in the saying "Art is long, and Time is fleeting." antithrombin an anticlotting substance occurring in the plasma of blood that functions primarily to block the action of thrombin, an enzyme central to coagulation-the process by which a clot is formed. AT combines with thrombin as well as most of the other activated blood-clotting proteins (e.g., factors Xa and IXa) to ... antitoxin antibody, formed in the body by the introduction of a bacterial poison, or toxin, and capable of neutralizing the toxin. People who have recovered from bacterial illnesses often develop specific antitoxins that confer immunity against recurrence. antitrust law any law restricting business practices considered unfair or monopolistic. The United States has the longest standing policy of maintaining competition among business enterprises through a variety of laws. The best known is the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, which declared illegal "every contract, combination . . . or conspiracy in ... Antler orogeny a mountain-building event in Late Devonian and Mississippian time (about 340 to 370 million years ago) that affected a linear belt in the Cordilleran Geosyncline, extending from the California-Nevada border northward through the central part of Nevada into Idaho. The term Antler Orogenic Belt, and formerly Manhattan Geanticline, is applied ... antlerite a copper sulfate mineral, Cu3(SO4) (OH)4, that is found in the oxidized zone of copper deposits, particularly in arid regions. At Bisbee, Ariz; Kennicott, Alaska; Sierra Mojada, Coahuila, Mex.; and Chuquicamata, Chile, it is the principal copper ore mineral. For detailed physical properties, see sulfate mineral (table). Antlia constellation in the southern sky at about 10 hours right ascension and 30 south in declination. Its brightest star is Alpha Antliae, with a magnitude of 4.3. The French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille formed this constellation in 1754; it represents an air pump of the type used in 18th-century ... antlike flower beetle any of the approximately 1,000 species of the insect family Anthicidae (order Coleoptera). They are usually seen around flowers, foliage, refuse, or dead wood. antlion any of a group of insects (order Neuroptera) that are named for the predatory nature of the larva, which trap ants and other small insects in pits dug into the ground. Antlions are found throughout the world, primarily in dry, sandy regions. Antofagasta region, in an extremely arid part of northern Chile, bounded on the east by Bolivia and Argentina and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. Antofagasta is the second largest of Chile's regions; about 90 percent of its population lives in urban areas, chiefly the capital city of Antofagasta (q.v.), ... Antofagasta city, northern Chile, and a Pacific port on Bahia (bay) Moreno. A Bolivian town until 1879, it occupies a terrace at the base of bleak, arid coastal mountains. Its early growth resulted from the nitrate boom that began in 1866 and from the Caracoles silver discovery of 1870, at which ... Antoine, Andre actor, theatrical manager, critic, and film director, a pioneer of naturalistic drama who founded the Theatre-Libre in Paris. His contributions to the development of realism in modern films was only beginning to gain appreciation in the second half of the 20th century. Antoku 81st emperor of Japan; his death in the famous naval Battle of Dannoura (1185) on the Inland Sea in western Japan resulted in the loss of the great sword that was one of the Three Imperial Regalia, the symbols of Imperial authority, supposedly brought to earth when the first Japanese ... Antonelli, Giacomo cardinal and secretary of state to Pope Pius IX. Antonello da Messina painter who probably introduced oil painting and Flemish pictorial techniques into mid-15th-century Venetian art. His practice of building form with colour rather than line and shade greatly influenced the subsequent development of Venetian painting. Antonescu, Ion Romanian marshal and statesman who became dictator of the pro-German government during World War II. Antonine Wall Roman frontier barrier in Britain, extending about 36.5 miles (58.5 km) across Scotland between the River Clyde and the Firth of Forth. The wall was built in the years after AD 142 on the orders of the emperor Antoninus Pius by the Roman army under the command of the governor ... Antonines the Roman emperors Antoninus Pius (reigned AD 138-161) and his adopted son and heir, Marcus Aurelius (reigned AD 161-180). The term (which derives from Antoninus's name) is often extended to include Commodus, son of Marcus Aurelius, joint emperor with his father from 176 to Marcus Aurelius's death in 180 and ... Antoninus Pius Roman emperor from AD 138 to 161. Mild-mannered and capable, he was the fourth of the "five good emperors" who guided the empire through an 84-year period (96-180) of internal peace and prosperity. His family originated in Gaul, and his father and grandfathers had all been consuls. Antoninus, Saint archbishop of Florence who is regarded as one of the founders of modern moral theology and Christian social ethics. Antonio a Venetian merchant, the title character of Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice. Ostensibly the subject of the play, Antonio serves rather as a foil to Shylock, who is one of Shakespeare's best-known and most discussed characters. Antonio, Mario scholar, short-story writer, and poet whose works focus alternately on Angolan and Portuguese cultures. A poet of personal love and social protest in his early years, Antonio in his later poems frequently presents verbal portraits of moods, places, and experiences.