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angiocardiography ... Angola: Year in Review 1998

angiocardiography method of following the passage of blood through the heart and great vessels by means of the intravenous injection of a radiopaque fluid, whose passage is followed by serialized X-ray pictures. A thin plastic tube (catheter) is positioned into a heart chamber by inserting it into an artery, usually in ... angioedema allergic disorder in which large, localized, painless swellings similar to hives appear under the skin. The swelling is caused by massive accumulation of fluid (edema) following exposure to an allergen (a substance to which the person has been sensitized) or, in cases with a hereditary disposition, after infection or injury. ... angiogenesis formation of new blood vessels. Angiogenesis is a normal process during growth of the body and in the body's replacement of damaged tissue. However, it can also occur under abnormal conditions, such as in tumour progression. At some point, after months or even years as a harmless cluster of cells, ... angiogenesis inhibitor substance that blocks the formation of new blood vessels, a process known as angiogenesis. In cancer the progression of tumour development requires the growth of capillaries that supply tumour cells with oxygen and nutrients, and interfering with this essential step is a promising therapeutic approach. angiography diagnostic imaging procedure in which arteries and veins are examined by using a contrast agent and X-ray technology. Blood vessels cannot be differentiated from the surrounding organs in conventional radiography. It is therefore necessary to inject into the lumen of the vessels a substance that will distinguish them from the ... Angiolieri, Cecco poet who is considered by some the first master of Italian comic verse. Angiolini, Gasparo Italian choreographer and composer who was among the first to integrate dance, music, and plot in dramatic ballets. angioma congenital mass of blood vessels that intrudes into bone or other tissues, causing tissue death and, in the case of bone, structural weakening. Angiomas of the bone are often associated with angiomas of the skin or muscles. Most angiomas remain asymptomatic, but they may cause collapse of the vertebrae if ... angioplasty Therapeutic opening of a blocked blood vessel. Usually a balloon is inflated near the end of a catheter (see catheterization) to flatten plaques (see atherosclerosis) against an artery's wall. Performed on a coronary artery, angioplasty is a less invasive alternative to coronary bypass surgery in the treatment of coronary heart ... angiosperm any member of the more than 300,000 species of flowering plants (division Anthophyta), the largest and most diverse group within the kingdom Plantae. Angiosperms represent approximately 80 percent of all the known green plants now living. The angiosperms are vascular seed plants in which the ovule (egg) is fertilized and ... angiotensin a peptide, one form of which, angiotensin II, causes constriction of blood vessels. Angkor archaeological site in what is now northwestern Cambodia, just 4 miles (6 km) north of the modern town of Siemreab. It was the capital of the Khmer (Cambodian) empire from the 9th to the 15th century, a period that is considered the classical era of Cambodian history. Its most imposing ... Angle member of a Germanic people, which, together with the Jutes, Saxons, and probably the Frisians, invaded England in the 5th century AD. The Angles gave their name to England, as well as to the word Englisc, used even by Saxon writers to denote their vernacular tongue. The Angles are first ... anglerfish any of about 210 species of marine fishes of the order Lophiiformes. Anglers are named for their method of "fishing" for their prey. The foremost spine of the dorsal fin is located on the head and is modified into a "fishing rod" tipped with a fleshy "bait." Prey fishes attracted ... Anglesey, Isle of county, northwestern Wales, separated from the North Wales mainland by the Menai Strait. The county encompasses Anglesey island-the largest island in England and Wales, with an area of 261 square miles (676 square km)-and Holy Island, adjoining just west of Anglesey. Isle of Anglesey county is coterminous with the historic ... anglesite naturally occurring lead sulfate (PbSO4). A common secondary mineral that is a minor ore of lead, it is usually formed by the oxidation of galena and often forms a concentrically banded mass surrounding a core of unaltered galena. The formation of cerussite (lead carbonate) often accompanies or follows the formation ... Angleterre bobbin lace comparable to fine Brussels lace in thread, technique, and design; but whether it was made in England or Brussels or both is debatable. To encourage home industries, both England and France had laws in the 1660s prohibiting the importation of Brussels lace, which was much in demand. To ... Anglican chant simple harmonized setting of a melodic formula devised for singing prose versions of the psalms and canticles in the Anglican Church. The formula is made up of a reciting tone with middle and final cadences (mediation and termination), much like the Gregorian-chant psalm tones from which Anglican chant derives. When ... Anglican Church of Australia independent Australian church within the Anglican Communion. It developed from the churches established by the English settlers in Australia in the 18th century. The first settlers, convicts sent from England to settle the country in 1788, were accompanied by one chaplain. Subsequently, more settlers and priests went to Australia. For ... Anglican Communion religious body of national, independent, and autonomous churches throughout the world that adheres to the teachings of Anglicanism and that evolved from the Church of England. The Anglican Communion is united by a common loyalty to the archbishop of Canterbury in England as its senior bishop and titular leader and ... Anglican Evangelical one who emphasizes biblical faith, personal conversion, piety, and, in general, the Protestant rather than the Catholic heritage of the Anglican Communion. Such persons have also been referred to as low churchmen because they give a "low" place to the importance of the episcopal form of church government, the sacraments, ... Anglican religious community any of various religious communities for men and for women that first began developing within the Anglican Communion in the 19th century. Although monastic communities were numerous in the pre-Reformation English Church, they were suppressed in the 16th century by Henry VIII when he broke with the Roman Catholic Church. ... Anglicanism one of the major branches of the 16th-century Protestant Reformation and a form of Christianity that includes features of both Protestantism and Roman Catholicism. Anglicanism is loosely organized in the Anglican Communion, a worldwide family of religious bodies that represents the offspring of the Church of England and recognizes the ... Anglin, Margaret one of the most brilliant actresses of her day, equally effective in Greek tragedies, Shakespearean plays, and contemporary dramas. Anglo-Afghan Wars three conflicts (1839-42; 1878-80; 1919) in which Great Britain, from its base in India, sought to extend its control over neighbouring Afghanistan and to oppose Russian influence there. Anglo-America cultural entity of North America whose common spoken language is English and whose folkways and customs historically have been those of northern Europe. It comprises most of the United States and Canada, with French-speaking Canada a notable exception. The term also designates a geographical area on the North American continent ... Anglo-American Chain of Command in Western Europe, June 1944 When U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill met at the Arcadia Conference (December 1941-January 1942), they began a period of wartime cooperation that, for all the very serious differences that divided the two countries, remains without parallel in military history. Anglo-American cooperation was formally embodied ... Anglo-Burmese Wars (1824-26, 1852, 1885), three conflicts that collectively forced Burma (now Myanmar) into a vulnerable position from which it had to concede British hegemony in the region of the Bay of Bengal. The First Anglo-Burmese War arose from friction between Arakan in western Burma and British-held Chittagong to the north. After ... Anglo-Catholicism movement that emphasizes the Catholic rather than the Protestant heritage of the Anglican Communion. It was an outgrowth of the 19th-century Oxford Movement (q.v.), which sought to renew Catholic thought and practice in the Church of England. The term Anglo-Catholic was first used in some of the writings of leaders ... Anglo-Dutch Wars (English Wars), the four 17th- and 18th-century naval conflicts between England and the Dutch Republic. The first three wars, stemming from commercial rivalry, established England's naval might, and the last, arising from Dutch interference in the American Revolution, spelled the end of the republic's position as a world power. Anglo-Egyptian Condominium the joint British and Egyptian government that ruled the eastern Sudan from 1899 to 1955. It was established by the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium Agreements of January 19 and July 10, 1899, and, with some later modifications, lasted until the formation of the sovereign, independent Republic of the Sudan on January 1, ... Anglo-Egyptian Treaty (Aug. 26, 1936), treaty signed at Montreux, Switz., in May 1937 that officially brought to an end 54 years of British occupation in Egypt. Nevertheless, Egyptian sovereignty remained circumscribed by the terms of the treaty, which established a 20-year military alliance that allowed Great Britain to impose martial law and ... Anglo-German Naval Agreement (1935) bilateral concord between Britain and Germany countenancing a German navy but limiting it to 35 percent of the size of the British navy. Part of the process of appeasement before World War II, the agreement allowed Germany to violate restrictions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles, prompting international criticism ... Anglo-Indian in India, a citizen of mixed Indian and, through the paternal line, European ancestry. From roughly the 18th to the early 20th century, the term referred specifically to British people working in India. Anglo-Irish Agreement accord signed by British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and Garret FitzGerald, the Irish taoiseach (prime minister), on Nov. 15, 1985, at Hillsborough Castle in County Down, N.Ire., that gave the government of Ireland an official consultative role in the affairs of Northern Ireland. Considered one of the most significant developments ... Anglo-Japanese Alliance (1902-23), alliance that bound Britain and Japan to assist one another in safeguarding their respective interests in China and Korea. Directed against Russian expansionism in the Far East, it was a cornerstone of British and Japanese policy in Asia until after World War I. Anglo-Norman literature body of writings in the Old French language as used in medieval England. Though this dialect had been introduced to English court circles in Edward the Confessor's time, its history really began with the Norman Conquest in 1066, when it became the vernacular of the court, the law, the church, ... Anglo-Russian Entente (1907) pact in which Britain and Russia settled their colonial disputes in Persia, Afghanistan, and Tibet. It delineated spheres of influence in Persia, stipulated that neither country would interfere in Tibet's internal affairs, and recognized Britain's influence over Afghanistan. The agreement led to the formation of the Triple Entente. Anglo-Saxon any member of the Germanic peoples that inhabited and ruled England from the 5th century AD to the time of the Norman Conquest (1066). According to the Venerable Bede, the Anglo-Saxons were the descendants of three different Germanic peoples-the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes-who originally migrated from northern Germany to England ... Anglo-Saxon art manuscript illumination and architecture produced in Britain from about the 7th century to the Norman Conquest of 1066. Anglo-Saxon art may be divided into two distinct periods, one before and one after the Danish invasions of England in the 9th century. Anglo-Saxon Chronicle chronological account of events in Anglo-Saxon and Norman England, a compilation of seven surviving interrelated manuscript records that is the primary source for the early history of England. The narrative was first assembled in the reign of King Alfred (871-899) from materials that included some epitome of universal history: the ... Anglo-Saxon law the body of legal principles that prevailed in England from the 6th century until the Norman Conquest (1066). In conjunction with Scandinavian law and the so-called barbarian laws (leges barbarorum) of continental Europe, it made up the body of law called Germanic law. Anglo-Saxon law was written in the vernacular ... Anglo-Saxon literature Literature written in Old English c. 650-c. 1100. Anglo-Saxon poetry survives almost entirely in four manuscripts. Beowulf is the oldest surviving Germanic epic and the longest Old English poem; other great works include The Wanderer, The Seafarer, The Battle of Maldon, and the Dream of the Rood. The poetry is ... Anglo-Zulu War decisive six-month war in 1879 in Southern Africa, resulting in British victory over the Zulus. Ango, Jean French shipowner who, succeeding to his father's import-export business, eventually controlled, by himself or in association with others, a fleet of 70 ships. Angol city, southern Chile. Angol is situated on the Rehue River near its confluence with the Malleco River, in the southern portion of the fertile Central Valley. It was founded in 1862 on the site of a former Araucanian Indian outpost. The valley produces fruits (especially apples and wine grapes), wheat, ... Angola: Year in Review 1994 A republic, Angola is located on the Atlantic coast in southwestern Africa. The small exclave of Cabinda is separated from Angola by a strip of Zaire. Area: 1,246,700 sq km (481,354 sq mi). Pop. (1993 est.): 10,916,000. Cap.: Luanda. Monetary unit: New kwanza, with (Oct. 4, 1993) a par value ... Angola: Year in Review 1995 A republic, Angola is located on the Atlantic coast in southwestern Africa. The small exclave of Cabinda is separated from Angola by a strip of Zaire. Area: 1,246,700 sq km (481,354 sq mi). Pop. (1994 est.): 11,233,000. Cap.: Luanda. Monetary unit: new kwanza, with (Oct. 7, 1994) a controlled rate ... Angola: Year in Review 1996 A republic, Angola is located on the Atlantic coast in southwestern Africa. The small exclave of Cabinda is separated from Angola by a strip of Zaire. Area: 1,246,700 sq km (481,354 sq mi). Pop. (1995 est.): 11,558,000. Cap.: Luanda. Monetary unit: readjusted kwanza, with (Oct. 6, 1995) a controlled rate ... Angola: Year in Review 1997 A republic, Angola is located on the Atlantic coast in southwestern Africa. The small exclave of Cabinda is separated from Angola by a strip of Zaire. Area: 1,246,700 sq km (481,354 sq mi). Pop. (1996 est.): 11,904,000. Cap.: Luanda. Monetary unit: readjusted kwanza, with (Oct. 11, 1996) an official rate ... Angola: Year in Review 1998 Area: 1,246,700 sq km (481,354 sq mi)