| | - Andrews Sisters, the
- singing trio, one of the most popular American musical acts of the 1940s. The group's renditions of swing tunes in close harmony sold millions of copies; the act was also hugely popular in live performance and in film. The sisters were LaVerne Sofia Andrews (b. July 6, 1911, Minneapolis, Minnesota, ...
- Andrews, Charles Freer
- English missionary whose experiences in India led him to advocate for Indian independence and for the rights of Indian labourers around the world.
- Andrews, Charles McLean
- U.S. teacher and historian whose Colonial Period of American History, vol. 1 of 4, won him a Pulitzer Prize in 1935.
- Andrews, Dame Julie
- English motion-picture, stage, and musical star noted for her crystalline four-octave voice and her charm and skill as an actress.
- Andrews, Dana
- American actor, a handsome leading man who appeared in such films of the 1940s as The Ox-Bow Incident (1943), Laura (1944), A Walk in the Sun (1945), and The Best Years of Our Lives (1946).
- Andrews, Fannie Fern Phillips
- Canadian-born American pacifist and writer, a tireless advocate, nationally and internationally, for education and peace.
- Andrews, Frank M.
- U.S. soldier and air force officer who contributed signally to the evolution of U.S. bombardment aviation during his command (1935-39) of the General Headquarters Air Force, first U.S. independent air striking force.
- Andrews, Pamela
- fictional character, the virtuous, long-suffering heroine of Pamela (1740) by Samuel Richardson.
- Andrews, Patty
- American singer and entertainer best known as part of the Andrews Sisters musical trio.
- Andrews, Roy Chapman
- naturalist, explorer, and author, who led many important scientific expeditions for which he obtained financial support through his public lectures and books, particularly on central Asia and eastern Asia.
- Andrews, Thomas
- Irish chemist and physicist who established the concepts of critical temperature and pressure and showed that a gas will pass into the liquid state, and vice versa, without any discontinuity, or abrupt change in physical properties. He also proved that ozone is a form of oxygen.
- Andrews, Thomas
- Irish shipbuilder who was best known for designing the luxury liners Olympic and Titanic.
- Andreyev, Leonid Nikolayevich
- novelist whose best work has a place in Russian literature for its evocation of a mood of despair and absolute pessimism.
- Andria
- city, Puglia (Apulia) region, southeastern Italy, on the eastern slopes of the Murge plateau, just south of Barletta. Andria was perhaps the Netium mentioned by the 1st-century BC Greek geographer Strabo, but its recorded history began with the arrival of the Normans in the 11th century AD, when Pietro I, ...
- Andrianov, Nikolay
- Soviet gymnast who won 15 Olympic medals, a record for male gymnasts.
- Andric, Ivo
- writer of novels and short stories in the Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian language, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1961.
- Andrieux, Francois
- French lawyer and comic dramatist who alternated between literary and political activities with considerable success in both.
- Androcles
- Roman slave who allegedly lived about the time of the emperor Tiberius or Caligula and who became the hero of a story told by Aulus Gellius. The story, taken originally from a work by Apion (1st century AD) and also found in Aelian's De natura animalium (On the Nature of ...
- Androcles and the Lion
- drama consisting of a prologue and two acts by George Bernard Shaw, performed in Berlin in 1912 and published in 1916. Using the Roman story of Androcles, Shaw examines true and false religious exaltation, combining the traditions of miracle play and Christmas pantomime into a philosophical farce about early Christianity. ...
- androgen
- any of a group of hormones that primarily influence the growth and development of the male reproductive system. The predominant and most active androgen is testosterone, which is produced by the male testes. The other androgens, which support the functions of testosterone, are produced mainly by the adrenal cortex-the outer ...
- androgyny
- condition in which characteristics of both sexes are clearly expressed in a single individual. In biology, androgyny refers to individuals with fully developed sexual organs of both sexes, also called hermaphrodites. Body build and other physical characteristics of these individuals are a blend of normal male and female features.
- Android
- operating system for cellular telephones. Android, which is based on Linux, an open source operating system for personal computers, was first developed by the American search engine company Google Inc. The first cellular telephone to feature the new operating system was the T-Mobile G1, released on Oct. 22, 2008.
- Andromache
- in Greek legend, the daughter of Eetion (prince of Thebe in Mysia) and wife of Hector (son of King Priam of Troy). All her relations perished when Troy was taken by Achilles. When the captives were allotted, Andromache fell to Neoptolemus, the son of Achilles, whom she accompanied to Epirus ...
- Andromache
- drama by Euripides, performed about 426 BCE. Set in the aftermath of the Trojan War, the play has an exciting beginning marked by strong anti-Spartan feeling. Most of the original characters disappear, however, and interest is soon dissipated.
- Andromeda
- in astronomy, constellation of the northern sky at about one hour right ascension and 40 north declination. The brightest star, Alpheratz (from the Arabic for "horse's navel"; the star was once part of the constellation Pegasus), has a magnitude of 2.1. Its most notable feature is the great Andromeda Galaxy, ...
- Andromeda
- in Greek mythology, beautiful daughter of King Cepheus and Queen Cassiope of Joppa in Palestine (called Ethiopia) and wife of Perseus. Cassiope offended the Nereids by boasting that Andromeda was more beautiful than they, so in revenge Poseidon sent a sea monster to devastate Cepheus' kingdom. Since only Andromeda's sacrifice ...
- Andromeda Galaxy
- (catalog numbers NGC 224 and M31), great spiral galaxy in the constellation Andromeda, the nearest large galaxy. The Andromeda Galaxy is one of the few visible to the unaided eye, appearing as a milky blur. It is located about 2,480,000 light-years from Earth; its diameter is approximately 200,000 light-years; and ...
- Andronicos, Manolis
- Greek archaeologist who discovered ancient royal tombs in northern Greece possibly belonging to the Macedonian King Philip II, the father of Alexander III the Great.
- Andronicus I Comnenus
- Byzantine emperor from 1183 to 1185, the last of the Comnenus dynasty, who attempted to reform the government but whose bitter opposition to Western Christianity precipitated a Norman invasion.
- Andronicus II Palaeologus
- Byzantine emperor who was the son of Michael VIII Palaeologus. During Andronicus's reign (1282-1328) the Byzantine Empire declined to the status of a minor state, confined by the Ottoman Turks in Anatolia and the Serbs in the Balkans.
- Andronicus III Palaeologus
- Byzantine emperor who sought to strengthen the empire during its final period of decline.
- Andronicus IV Palaeologus
- Byzantine emperor from 1376 to 1379. Conspiring against his father, John V Palaeologus, he was imprisoned and deprived of his rights to the succession. John's rivals, the Genoese, however, helped Andronicus to escape, and he entered Constantinople on August 12, 1376, took his father prisoner, and was crowned the following ...
- Andronicus Of Cyrrhus
- Greek astronomer best known as the architect of the horologium at Athens called the Tower of the Winds. Andronicus also built a multifaced sundial in the sanctuary of Poseidon on the Greek island of Tenos.
- Andronicus Of Rhodes
- Greek philosopher noted for his meticulous editing and commentary of Aristotle's works, which had passed from one generation to the next in such a way that the presumed quality of the original texts had been lost and much superfluous material added to many of the major treatises. Andronicus studied the ...
- Andropov, Yury Vladimirovich
- head of the Soviet Union's KGB (State Security Committee) from 1967 to 1982 and his country's leader as general secretary of the Communist Party's Central Committee from November 1982 until his death 15 months later.
- Andros
- island, most northerly and second largest of the Cyclades (Modern Greek: Kyklades) group of Greek Aegean Islands. Andros has an area of 145 square miles (380 square km). Wooded, well-watered, and mountainous, it is an eparkhia ("eparchy"), with its capital at the town of Andros, on the east coast. South ...
- Andros Island
- largest island of The Bahamas, lying 25 miles (40 km) west of New Providence Island and about 125 miles (200 km) east-southeast of the U.S. state of Florida. A flat, heavily forested island, Andros extends about 100 miles (160 km) from north to south and spans about 45 miles (70 ...
- Andros, Sir Edmund
- English administrator in North America who made an abortive attempt to stem growing colonial independence by imposing a kind of supercolony, the Dominion of New England.
- Androscoggin
- county, southwestern Maine, U.S. Its topography includes lowlands in the south and a hilly upland region in the north. The county is bisected from north to south by the Androscoggin River. Lewiston Falls on the Androscoggin separates Auburn, the county seat, on the west from Lewiston on the east. Other ...
- Androscoggin River
- river in northeastern New Hampshire and southern Maine, U.S. It flows south from Umbabog Lake to Gorham, N.H., east to Jay, Maine, and then south again to the Atlantic Ocean. In its 175-mile (280-kilometre) course, the river descends more than 1,245 feet (379 m), the two steepest drops occurring at ...
- Andrusovo, Truce of
- (Jan. 30 [Feb. 9, New Style], 1667), long-lasting treaty that ended the Thirteen Years' War (1654-67) between Russia and Poland for control of Ukraine. In 1654 the Russian government accepted the Pereyaslav Agreement, a proposal to annex Ukraine made by the hetman (military leader) of the Zaporozhian Cossacks, Bohdan Khmelnytsky, ...
- Andrzejewski, Jerzy
- Polish novelist, short-story writer, and political dissident noted for his attention to moral issues important in 20th-century Poland and for his realistic fiction.
- Andsnes, Leif Ove
- Norwegian musician who drew international notice beginning in the 1990s for his lyric approach to music and his varied piano repertoire.
- Andujar
- city, Jaen provincia (province), in the comunidad autonoma (autonomous community) of Andalusia, southern Spain, northwest of Jaen city, on the Guadalquivir River. Called Isturgi, or Ilurgia, by the Celto-Iberians, it was besieged and captured by the Roman general Scipio Africanus the Elder (206 BC) during the Second Punic War. Ferdinand ...
- Andy Griffith Show, The
- American television comedy series that aired on the Columbia Broadcasting System (now CBS Corporation) from 1960 to 1968. During its entire run, the show rated no worse than seventh in the seasonal Nielsen ratings and held the number one spot when it ended.
- anechoic chamber
- sound laboratory designed so as to minimize sound reflections as well as external noise. External sound is excluded by physical isolation of the structure, by elaborate acoustical filters in the ventilating ducts, and by thick masonry walls. Interior surfaces are covered with absorptive material, such as glass fibre or mineral ...
- Anegada
- one of the British Virgin Islands and the northernmost of the Lesser Antilles, a chain separating the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea, lying about 80 miles (130 km) east-northeast of Puerto Rico. The island has an area of 15 square miles (39 square km). Annual rainfall averages a moderate 50 ...
- Anegada Passage
- channel in the West Indies, connecting the Atlantic Ocean with the Caribbean Sea; it is 40 miles (65 km) wide and separates the British Virgin Islands (west) from the Leeward Islands (southeast). It has the greatest depth (more than 7,550 feet [2,300 m]) of any channel in the eastern Caribbean. ...
- Aneho
- town, southern Togo, lying on the Gulf of Guinea near the border of Benin. Founded in the late 17th century by Ane peoples fleeing from Asante attacks in Elmina (now in Ghana), Aneho developed as a slave port and commercial centre. It was the capital of German Togoland from 1885 ...
- Aneirin
- one of five poets renowned among the Welsh in the 6th century, according to the Historia Brittonum (written c. 830). (The other poets are Taliesin, Talhaearn Tad Awen, Blwchbardd, and Cian, whose works are unknown.) Aneirin's reputation rests on a single work, Y Gododdin, preserved in a manuscript known as ...
- anekantavada
- in Jainism, the ontological assumption that any entity is at once enduring but also undergoing change that is both constant and inevitable. The doctrine of anekantavada states that all entities have three aspects: substance (dravya), quality (guna), and mode (paryaya). Dravya serves as a substratum for multiple gunas, each of ...
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