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Andorra: Year in Review 2008 ... Andrewes, Lancelot

Andorra: Year in Review 2008 The economy of Andorra sustained a serious blow in 2007. No snow fell until the middle of March, and the usual skiing season (October-April) was therefore crippled. This knockout punch to the travel industry-the country's major source of revenue-set off a ripple effect throughout the economy, affecting shops, restaurants, and ... Andorra: Year in Review 2009 Andorra in 2008 worked to enhance closer ties with other European countries. A principal goal of Chief Executive Albert Pintat Santolaria's government was to institute the reforms needed to remove the country from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's list of tax havens. In 2008 Andorra signed on to ... Andorra: Year in Review 2010 On June 5, 2009, Jaume Bartumeu Cassany of the Social Democratic Party (PS) was sworn in as Andorra's new head of government. This marked the first time in 15 years for the Andorran government to be run by any party other than the Liberal Party. In parliamentary elections held on ... Andorra: Year in Review 2011 Andorra enjoyed several years of double-digit economic growth prior to a decline that started in 2005, and in 2010 the economy continued to slow down, prompting lawmakers to introduce some unprecedented proposals. Those under consideration included a requirement for every Andorran company to publish its accounts so that the government ... Andorra: Year in Review 2012 On April 28, 2011, Chief Executive Jaume Bartumeu Cassany was ousted as the head of government in Andorra because he was unable, for the second consecutive year, to get a budget passed. As a result, the ruling Social Democratic Party was forced to call parliamentary elections two years earlier than ... Andorra: Year in Review 2013 In 2012 Andorran Chief Executive Antoni Marti Petit, whose Democrats for Andorra party had ousted the ruling Social Democrats in 2011, took on the job of reforming the tax system without striking the deadly third rail-income tax. Beginning in January, Andorran-owned businesses were taxed at 5%, and a value-added tax ... Andorra small independent European coprincipality situated among the southern peaks of the Pyrenees Mountains and bounded by France to the north and east and by Spain to the south and west. It is one of the smallest states in Europe. The capital is Andorra la Vella. Andorra la Vella town, capital of the independent coprincipality of Andorra. It lies near the confluence of the Valira and the Valira del Norte rivers in the narrow Gran Valira valley, on the southern slopes of the Pyrenees. Andorra, flag of vertically striped blue-yellow-red national flag with a central coat of arms. It has a width-to-length ratio of approximately 2 to 3. Andosol one of the 30 soil groups in the classification system of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Andosols are highly porous, dark-coloured soils developed from parent material of volcanic origin, such as volcanic ash, tuff, and pumice. They are found from Iceland to Indonesia, but they typically occur in wooded ... Andover market town, Test Valley district, administrative and historic county of Hampshire, England. It lies among chalk hills on the River Anton, a tributary of the Test, about 14 miles (22 km) northwest of Winchester and about 17 miles (27 km) northeast of Salisbury. The area is rich in prehistoric earthworks ... Andover town (township), Essex county, northeastern Massachusetts, U.S. It lies in the Merrimack River valley just south of Lawrence and 20 miles (32 km) north of Boston. Settled in 1642, it was incorporated in 1646 and named for Andover, England, home of many of the early colonists. Andrada e Silva, Jose Bonifacio de Brazilian statesman who played a key role in Brazil's attainment of independence from Portugal. He is known to Brazilians as the "Patriarch of Independence." Andrade, Carlos Drummond de poet, journalist, author of cronicas (a short fiction-essay genre widely cultivated in Brazil), and literary critic, considered one of the most accomplished poets of modern Brazil and a major influence on mid-20th-century Brazilian poetry. His experiments with poetic form (including laying the foundation of what later developed into concrete poetry) ... Andrade, Eugenio de Portuguese poet who, influenced by Surrealism, used concrete images that include earth, water, and the human body to explore such themes as love, nature, and death. His work is widely translated. Andrade, Jorge one of the most powerful playwrights within the wave of theatrical renewal that began in Brazil just after 1950. Andrade, Mario de writer whose chief importance was his introduction of a highly individual prose style that attempted to reflect colloquial Brazilian speech rather than "correct" Portuguese. He was also important in Brazil's Modernist movement. Andrade, Mario Pinto de Angolan writer and nationalist leader. Andrade, Oswald de poet, playwright, and novelist, social agitator and revolutionary, one of the leaders of Brazil's Modernist movement in the arts. andradite calcium-iron garnet, perhaps the most spectacular garnet because of its high dispersion (separation of light into colours), even greater than that of diamond, and refractive index. It is found in various colours, some of the most beautiful being yellowish (termed topazolite, because of its resemblance to topaz) and yellowish green ... Andragoras Seleucid satrap (governor) of Parthia during the mid-3rd century. He apparently defied Seleucid imperial authority, which was weakly established in his area, and issued coins on which his image bore the royal diadem. After ruling only a few years, he was defeated and killed by Parni tribesmen from the Caspian ... Andrassy, Gyula, Count (Grof) Hungarian prime minister and Austro-Hungarian foreign minister (1871-79), who helped create the Austro-Hungarian dualist form of government. As a firm supporter of Germany, he created, with the imperial German chancellor Otto von Bismarck, the Austro-German alliance of 1879, which became the cornerstone of Austria's foreign policy until the monarchy's eventual ... Andre Le Chapelain French writer on the art of courtly love, best known for his three-volume treatise Liber de arte honeste amandi et reprobatione inhonesti amoris (c. 1185; "Book of the Art of Loving Nobly and the Reprobation of Dishonourable Love"). He is thought to have been a chaplain at the court of ... Andre, Carl American sculptor associated with minimalism. Andre is known for abstract work made of repetitive blocks, bricks, and metal plates arranged directly on the floor. Like other minimalists of his generation, Andre constructed his works out of industrial materials that called attention to the inherent physical structure of the piece and ... Andre, John British army officer who negotiated with the American general Benedict Arnold and was executed as a spy during the American Revolution (1775-83). Andre, Maurice French trumpeter who was known for his superlative musicianship, dazzling quickness, and clear tones, notably on a specially made trumpet (with four valves) in the higher register, and for establishing both the solo trumpet and the piccolo trumpet as concerto instruments. Andrea da Barberino ballad singer, prose writer, and compiler of epic tales. Andrea da Firenze Florentine fresco painter whose considerable ability is demonstrated by his works in the church of Sta. Maria Novella in Florence. Andrea del Sarto Italian painter and draftsman whose works of exquisite composition and craftsmanship were instrumental in the development of Florentine Mannerism. His most striking among other well-known works is the series of frescoes on the life of St. John the Baptist in the Chiostro dello Scalzo (c. 1515-26). Andrea Doria Italian passenger liner that sank on July 25-26, 1956, after colliding with the Stockholm off the coast of Nantucket in the Atlantic Ocean. The maritime disaster resulted in the deaths of 51 people-46 from the Andrea Doria and 5 from the Stockholm. Andreani, Andrea Italian printmaker known especially for his chiaroscuro printing, a technique developed in the early 16th century to facilitate shading. In this technique, several woodblocks are used for the same print, each block engraved to produce a different tone of the same colour. Andreanof Islands one of several smaller groups of islands within the Aleutian Islands, southwestern Alaska, U.S. They lie between the Pacific Ocean (south) and the Bering Sea (north) and extend east-west for about 270 miles (430 km) east of Rat Islands. The largest islands in the group are Adak, Amlia, Atka, Kanaga, ... Andreas-Salome, Lou Russian-German writer remembered for her friendships with the great men of her day. Andreessen, Marc American-born software engineer who played a key role in creating the Web browser Mosaic and who cofounded Netscape Communications Corporation. Andreini, Francesco Italian actor of commedia dell'arte who, with his wife, Isabella Andreini, was a founder and star performer of the Compagnia dei Gelosi, one of the earliest and most famous of commedia dell'arte troupes. Andreini, Giovambattista actor of commedia dell'arte and son of Francesco and Isabella Andreini. Giovambattista was also the author of the play Adamo ("Adam"), which, it has been claimed, suggested the idea of Paradise Lost to John Milton. Andreini, Isabella Italian leading lady of the Compagnia dei Gelosi, the most famous of the early commedia dell'arte companies. Andreis, Felix de Vincentian priest and pioneer missionary to the American West. Andreotti, Giulio Christian Democratic politician who was several times prime minister of Italy in the period from 1972 to 1992. He was one of Italy's most skillful and powerful politicians in the era after World War II. Andretti, Mario Italian-born American automobile-racing driver who drove stock cars, U.S. championship cars, and Formula One cars. Andrew Charlton and Arne Borg: The Boy and the Sturgeon The swimming events at the 1928 Olympic Games in Amsterdam featured a rivalry between two of the greatest swimmers of that era: Andrew ("Boy") Charlton of Australia and Arne Borg ("The Swedish Sturgeon"). Both swimmers had colourful personalities and were popular athletes in their respective countries. Andrew I prince of Rostov-Suzdal (1157) and grand prince of Vladimir (1169), who increased the importance of the northeastern Russian lands and contributed to the development of government in that forest region. Andrew II king of Hungary (1205-35) whose reign was marked by controversy with barons and the great feudatories and by the issuance of the Golden Bull of 1222 (q.v.), which has been called the Hungarian Magna Carta. Andrew Of Caesarea bishop of Caesarea, and the author of possibly the most significant Greek commentary on the book of Revelation (Apocalypse) from the era of the Church Fathers. His annotations seem to have influenced the Greek version of that biblical text. Andrew Of Carniola archbishop, advocate of conciliar rule in the Western church-i.e., the supremacy of a general council of bishops over the papacy. Because of his personal animosity and eccentric conduct toward Pope Sixtus IV, church historians generally do not consider Andrew a precursor of reform. Andrew of Crete, Saint archbishop of Gortyna, Crete, regarded by the Greek Church as one of its greatest hymn writers. Andrew Of Lonjumel French Dominican friar who, as an ambassador of Louis IX (St. Louis) of France, led a diplomatic mission destined for the court of the Mongol khan Guyuk. His report of the journey across Central Asia and back (1249 to 1251/52), though a mixture of fact and fiction, contains noteworthy observations. Andrew, Hurricane tropical cyclone that ravaged The Bahamas, southern Florida, and south-central Louisiana in late August 1992. At the time, Hurricane Andrew was the most expensive Atlantic hurricane in U.S. history (later surpassed by Hurricane Katrina in 2005). Andrew, John Albion U.S. antislavery leader who, as governor of Massachusetts during the Civil War, was one of the most energetic of the Northern "war governors." Andrew, Saint one of the Twelve Apostles and brother of St. Peter. He is the patron saint of Scotland and of Russia. Andrewes, Lancelot theologian and court preacher who sought to defend and advance Anglican doctrines during a period of great strife in the English church.