| | - Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization
- international organization founded to promote the preservation of the Amazon basin and regulate Amazonian development through international cooperation. The Amazon Cooperation Treaty was drafted and signed on July 3, 1978, by Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. In 1995 the countries formed ACTO to meet the goals ...
- Amazon Rainforest
- large, tropical rainforest occupying the drainage basin of the Amazon River and its tributaries in northern South America, and covering an area of 2,300,000 square miles (6,000,000 square km). Comprising about 40 percent of Brazil's total area, it is bounded by the Guiana Highlands to the north, the Andes Mountain ...
- Amazon River
- the greatest river of South America and the largest drainage system in the world in terms of the volume of its flow and the area of its basin. The total length of the river-as measured from the headwaters of the Ucayali-Apurimac river system in southern Peru-is at least 4,000 miles ...
- Amazon.com
- online retailer, manufacturer of electronic book readers, and Web services provider that became the iconic example of electronic commerce. Its headquarters are in Seattle, Washington.
- Amazonas
- largest estado (state) of Brazil, situated in the northwestern part of the country. It is bounded to the northwest by Colombia, to the north by Venezuela and the Brazilian state of Roraima, to the east and southeast by the Brazilian states of Para and Mato Grosso, to the south by ...
- Amazonas
- departamento, southeastern Colombia, located in the warm, humid Amazon River basin. It is bounded on the northwest by the Caqueta River, on the northeast by the Apaporis River, on the east by Brazil, and on the south by Peru and the Putumayo River. Colombia's only direct contact with the Amazon ...
- Amazonas
- estado (state), southern Venezuela. It is bounded on the north by the state of Bolivar, on the east and south by Brazil, and on the west by Colombia. The large but sparsely populated state lies within the drainage basins of the Orinoco River, which rises near the Brazilian border, and ...
- Amazonia National Park
- Park, north-central Brazil, about halfway between the cities of Manaus and Belem, along the Tapajos River. Established in 1974, it has gradually expanded to cover about 3,300 sq mi (8,600 sq km) and contains an immense diversity of flora and fauna.
- amazonstone
- a gemstone variety of green microcline (q.v.), a feldspar mineral. Frequently confused with jade, amazonstone varies in colour from yellow-green to blue-green and may also exhibit fine white streaks; it is usually opaque and therefore is cut en cabochon (with a rounded and convex polished surface). Although its name is ...
- Amb
- former princely state, northern Pakistan. It was located along the west bank of the Indus River. Amb became part of Pakistan in 1947 and was formally abolished and incorporated within the North-West Frontier Province in 1969. The royal status of the Amb rulers was officially terminated in the early 1970s. ...
- Ambala
- city, northeastern Haryana state, northwestern India, lying just east of the Ghaggar River. A major grain, cotton, and sugar trade centre, it is connected by road and rail with Delhi and Amritsar (Punjab state). Other rail lines run northward to Shimla and Kalka and southeastward to Saharanpur. The city is ...
- amban
- Representative of China's Qing emperor who lived in the territory of a tributary state or dependency. In 1793 the Qing emperor Qianlong changed the procedure for selecting the Dalai Lama, and the Tibetans had to persuade the amban that they had complied. In 1904, when the British were trying to ...
- Ambani, Mukesh
- Yemeni-born Indian business mogul who is the chairman and managing director of the Indian conglomerate Reliance Industries Limited (RIL), the foremost company of the Indian energy and materials conglomerate Reliance Group.
- Ambartsumian, Viktor Amazaspovich
- Soviet astronomer and astrophysicist best known for his theories concerning the origin and evolution of stars and stellar systems. He was also the founder of the school of theoretical astrophysics in the Soviet Union.
- ambassador
- highest rank of diplomatic representative sent by one national government to another.
- Ambassadors, The
- novel by Henry James, published in 1903. The "eye" of the story, Lambert Strether, is a Massachusetts editor engaged to the widowed Mrs. Newsome. Disturbed by reports concerning her son Chadwick's love life in Paris, Mrs. Newsome presses Strether to engineer the young man's return to his mother's sphere of ...
- Ambato
- city, central Ecuador. It lies in the Andes Mountains along the Ambato River in an intermontane basin near the northeastern foot of Chimborazo (the highest peak in Ecuador), at an elevation of about 8,500 feet (2,600 metres) above sea level. It was the scene of a decisive victory in 1821 ...
- Ambedkar, Bhimrao Ramji
- leader of the Dalits (Scheduled Castes; formerly called untouchables) and law minister of the government of India (1947-51).
- amber
- fossil tree resin that has achieved a stable state through loss of volatile constituents and chemical change after burial in the ground. Amber has been found throughout the world, but the largest and most significant deposits occur along the shores of the Baltic Sea in sands 40,000,000 to 60,000,000 years ...
- Amber Routes
- earliest roads in Europe, probably used between 1900 Bc and 300 Bc by Etruscan and Greek traders to transport amber and tin from northern Europe to points on the Mediterranean and Adriatic seas.
- Amber Valley
- district, administrative and historic county of Derbyshire, England, to the north of Derby. It takes its name from the River Amber, which joins the Derwent at Ambergate. The industrial eastern half of the district contrasts with the still rural western portion. Traditionally coal mining and ironworking were the staple industries, ...
- Amberg
- city, Bavaria Land (state), southeastern Germany. It lies on the Vils River, in the foothills of the Franconian Jura Mountains and the Bavarian Forest, southeast of Nurnberg. First mentioned in 1034, it was a court town with considerable trade (in iron and tinplate) and industry from the 14th to the ...
- ambergris
- a solid waxy substance originating in the intestine of the sperm whale (Physeter catodon). In Eastern cultures ambergris is used for medicines and potions and as a spice; in the West it was used to stabilize the scent of fine perfumes. Ambergris floats and washes ashore most frequently on the ...
- amberina glass
- blended colour glass in which the lower part, a yellowish amber, merges into a ruby-red colour higher in the vessel. It was patented in 1883 for the New England Glass Company at East Cambridge, Mass., and was produced extensively there and by the successor company, the Libbey Glass Company at ...
- amberjack
- any of several popular sport fishes. See jack.
- ambiguity
- use of words that allow alternative interpretations. In factual, explanatory prose, ambiguity is considered an error in reasoning or diction; in literary prose or poetry, it often functions to increase the richness and subtlety of language and to imbue it with a complexity that expands the literal meaning of the ...
- Ambikapur
- town, northern Chhattisgarh state, central India. The town, then known as Surguja, was the capital of the former Surguja princely state. Connected by road with Dharmjaygarh, Patna, and Sonhat, it is heavily engaged in agricultural trade and is a major coal collection and distribution centre. The surrounding region once consisted ...
- Ambler, Eric
- British author and screenwriter widely regarded as one of the most distinguished writers of espionage and crime stories.
- amblygonite
- phosphate mineral composed of lithium, sodium, and aluminum phosphate [(Li,Na)AlPO4(F,OH)], that is an ore of lithium. It occurs in lithium- and phosphate-rich granitic pegmatites, often in very large, white, translucent masses. It has been mined at Keystone, S.D., and in South Africa, Zimbabwe, and several other countries. Clear material from ...
- amblyopia
- reduction in vision in one or both eyes due to abnormal visual experience in early childhood, leading to functional changes in the visual centres of the brain. These changes result from eye-related problems that degrade or distort images received by the brain. The most common causes are misalignment of the ...
- Ambo
- ethnolinguistic group located in the dry grassland country of northern Namibia and southern Angola. They are usually called Ovambo in Namibia and Ambo in Angola and speak Kwanyama, a Bantu language. The Ambo were originally ruled by hereditary kings who performed priestly functions.
- ambo
- in the Christian liturgy, a raised stand formerly used for reading the Gospel or the Epistle, first used in early basilicas. Originally, the ambo took the form of a portable lectern. By the 6th century it had evolved into a stationary church furnishing, which reflected the development and codification of ...
- Amboina Massacre
- execution that took place in Amboina (now Ambon, Indon.) in 1623, when 10 Englishmen, 10 Japanese, and one Portuguese were put to death by local Dutch authorities. The incident ended any hope of Anglo-Dutch cooperation in the area, a goal that both governments had been pursuing for several years, and ...
- Amboise
- town, Indre-et-Loire departement, Centre-Val-de-Loire region, central France, on both banks of the Loire River, east of Tours. It is the site of a late Gothic chateau (with Renaissance additions), one of a great company of castles in the rich, rolling Loire country.
- Amboise, Conspiracy of
- abortive plot of young French Huguenot aristocrats in 1560 against the Catholic House of Guise.
- Amboise, Georges d'
- cardinal and chief minister of the French state under King Louis XII, known for his domestic reforms and his role in Louis's Italian campaigns.
- Ambon
- island and municipality of Maluku propinsi (province), Indonesia. Ambon island is located 7 miles (11 km) off the southwestern coast of the island of Seram. Its 294 square miles (761 square km) are generally hilly, with Mount Salhatu rising to 3,405 feet (1,038 metres). Although subject to earthquakes, Ambon has ...
- Ambondro
- genus of extinct shrewlike mammals known from fossils dating from the Middle Jurassic (175.6 million to 161.2 million years ago) of Madagascar. Ambondro is the oldest known mammal with a complex tribosphenic dentition, which is characterized by cusps on the molar teeth that interlock like serrated scissors and a basined ...
- Amborellales
- plant order that contains a single member, Amborella trichopoda, in the family Amborellaceae. This order is thought to represent the earliest diverging branch among living members of the angiosperm (flowering plants) tree.
- Amboseli National Park
- national park, southern Kenya, eastern Africa. Amboseli was originally established as a game reserve in 1948 and covered 1,259 square miles (3,261 square km) northwest of Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. Within it were distinguished seven habitats: open plains, acacia woodland, lava-strewn thornbush country, swamp, marshland, the Amboseli lake bed, and the ...
- Ambridge
- borough (town), Beaver county, western Pennsylvania, U.S., on the Ohio River, just northwest of Pittsburgh. Within its boundaries is the former village of Economy (1824-1904) established by the communal Harmony Society, led by George Rapp. The Rappites (Harmonists) were religious immigrants from Wurttemberg, Germany, who had previously settled at Harmony, ...
- Ambros, August Wilhelm
- musicologist, author of Geschichte der Musik, a comprehensive history of music.
- Ambrose Bierce's middle name
- The source of Ambrose Bierce's full name is known, to a greater or lesser degree, but the spelling of his middle name-rendered most often as Gwinnett or Gwinett-is not.
- Ambrose d'Evreux
- Norman poet and chronicler, who accompanied Richard I of England as a minstrel on the Third Crusade.
- Ambrose Of Camaldoli
- Humanist, ecclesiastic, and patristic translator who helped effect the brief reunion of the Eastern and Western churches in the 15th century. He entered the Camaldolese Order in 1400 at Florence, where, over a period of 30 years, he mastered Latin and particularly Greek, which enabled him to translate Greek patristic ...
- Ambrose, Saint
- bishop of Milan, biblical critic, and initiator of ideas that provided a model for medieval conceptions of church-state relations. His literary works have been acclaimed as masterpieces of Latin eloquence, and his musical accomplishments are remembered in his hymns. Ambrose is also remembered as the teacher who converted and baptized ...
- Ambrosian chant
- monophonic, or unison, chant that accompanies the Latin mass and canonical hours of the Ambrosian rite. The word Ambrosian is derived from St. Ambrose, bishop of Milan (374-397), from which comes the occasional designation of this rite as Milanese. Despite legends to the contrary, no Ambrosian-chant melodies can be attributed ...
- Ambrosiaster
- the name given to the author of a commentary on St. Paul's letters in the New Testament, long attributed to St. Ambrose (died 397), bishop of Milan. The work is valuable for the criticism of the Latin text of the New Testament.
- Ambrym
- volcanic island of Vanuatu, southwestern Pacific Ocean. It has an area of 257 square miles (665 square km) and is known for its two active vents, Marum (4,167 feet [1,270 metres]) and Benbow (3,802 feet [1,159 metres]), which sit inside a caldera thought to have collapsed during a major eruption ...
- ambulatory
- in architecture, continuation of the aisled spaces on either side of the nave (central part of the church) around the apse (semicircular projection at the east end of the church) or chancel (east end of the church where the main altar stands) to form a continuous processional way. The ambulatory ...
- ambush bug
- any of about 200 species of bugs (order Heteroptera) that are most abundant in the tropical Americas and Asia and that hide on flowers or plants from which they ambush their prey. When prey approaches closely enough, the ambush bug grasps it with its front legs. The upper section (tibia) ...
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