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Abe Shinzo ... abhibhvayatana

Abe Shinzo Japanese politician, who twice was prime minister of Japan (2006-07 and 2012- ). abecedarius a type of acrostic in which the first letter of each line of a poem or the first letter of the first word of each stanza taken in order forms the alphabet. Examples of these are some of the Psalms (in Hebrew), such as Psalms 25 and 34, where successive ... Abeche town located in eastern Chad, between the wadis Chao and Sao. Historically, it was the site of the capital of the Muslim sultanate of Ouaddai, which dominated much of the area of Chad before the French conquest in 1912. The remains of the ancient capital include a palace, tombs of ... Abedi Ayew Pele Ghanaian football (soccer) player who was the only man to have won the African Player of the Year award three consecutive times (1991-93). As an attacking midfielder with Olympique de Marseille in France, Abedi Pele was one of the first African players to have an impact on club football in ... Abegg, Richard Wilhelm Heinrich physical chemist whose work contributed to the understanding of valence (the capacity of an atom to combine with another atom) in light of the newly discovered presence of electrons within the atom. Abel in the Old Testament, second son of Adam and Eve, who was slain by his older brother, Cain (Genesis 4:1-16). According to Genesis, Abel, a shepherd, offered the Lord the firstborn of his flock. The Lord respected Abel's sacrifice but did not respect that offered by Cain. In a jealous ... Abel Prize award granted annually for research in mathematics, in commemoration of the brilliant 19th-century Norwegian mathematician Niels Henrik Abel. The Niels Henrik Abel Memorial Fund was established on Jan. 1, 2002, and it is administered by the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research. The main purpose of the fund is to ... Abel Tasman National Park wildlife preserve in northwestern South Island, New Zealand. Established in 1942, it was named for Abel Tasman, the Dutch navigator. With an area of 55,699 acres (22,541 hectares), it extends inland for about 6 miles (10 km) from the beaches of Tasman Bay on its western shores between Separation Point ... Abel's test in analysis (a branch of mathematics), a test for determining if an infinite series converges to some finite value. The test is named for the Norwegian mathematician Niels Henrik Abel (1802-29). Abel, Carl Friedrich symphonist of the pre-Classical school and one of the last virtuosos of the viola da gamba. Abel, John Jacob American pharmacologist and physiological chemist who made important contributions to a modern understanding of the ductless, or endocrine, glands. He isolated adrenaline in the form of a chemical derivative (1897) and crystallized insulin (1926). He also invented a primitive artificial kidney. Abel, Niels Henrik Norwegian mathematician, a pioneer in the development of several branches of modern mathematics. Abel, Rudolf Soviet intelligence officer, convicted in the United States in 1957 for conspiring to transmit military secrets to the Soviet Union. He was exchanged in 1962 for the American aviator Francis Gary Powers, who had been imprisoned as a spy in the Soviet Union since 1960. Abel, Sir Frederick Augustus English chemist and explosives specialist who, with the chemist Sir James Dewar, invented cordite (1889), later adopted as the standard explosive of the British army. Abel also made studies of dust explosions in coal mines, invented a device for testing the flash point of petroleum, and found a way to ... Abel, Theodora Mead American clinical psychologist and educator who combined sociology and psychology in her work. Abelard, Peter French theologian and philosopher best known for his solution of the problem of universals and for his original use of dialectics. He is also known for his poetry and for his celebrated love affair with Heloise. Abell, A.S. newspaper editor and publisher, and founder, with two other investors, of the Philadelphia Public Ledger and the Baltimore Sun. Abell, Kjeld dramatist and social critic, best known outside Denmark for two plays, Melodien der blev vaek (1935; English adaptation, The Melody That Got Lost, 1939) and Anna Sophie Hedvig (1939; Eng. trans., 1944), which defends the use of force by the oppressed against the oppressor. Abelson, Philip Hauge American physical chemist who proposed the gas diffusion process for separating uranium-235 from uranium-238 and in collaboration with the U.S. physicist Edwin Mattison McMillan discovered the element neptunium. Abemama Atoll coral atoll of the northern Gilbert Islands, part of Kiribati, in the west-central Pacific Ocean. Capt. Charles Bishop, who reached the atoll in 1799, named it Roger Simpson Island for one of his associates. Seat of the area's ruling family in the 19th century, the atoll was the site of ... Abenaki Algonquian-speaking North American Indian tribe that united with other tribes in the 17th century to furnish mutual protection against the Iroquois Confederacy. The name refers to their location "toward the dawn." In its earliest known form, the Abenaki Confederacy consisted of tribes or bands living east and northeast of present-day ... Abengourou town, eastern Cote d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast), on the road from Abidjan (the national capital) to Ghana. The major trading centre for a productive forest region, it is also the residence of the Anyi (Agni) paramount chief, who is the present king of Indenie (an Anyi kingdom founded in the mid-18th ... Abenra city, southeastern Jutland, Denmark, at the head of Abenra Fjord. First mentioned in the 12th century when attacked by the Wends, it was granted a charter (1335) and grew from a fishing village into a thriving port in the 17th and 18th centuries. Medieval landmarks include the St. Nicholas Church ... Abenteuerroman in German literature, a form of the picaresque novel. The Abenteuerroman is an entertaining story recounting the adventures of the hero, but it often incorporates a serious aspect. An example of the genre is the 17th-century Der Abentheurliche Simplicissimus (Adventurous Simplicissimus) by H.J.C. von Grimmelshausen. The Abenteuerroman is related to ... Abeokuta town, capital of Ogun state, southwestern Nigeria. It is situated on the east bank of the Ogun River, around a group of rocky outcroppings that rise above the surrounding wooded savanna. It lies on the main railway (1899) from Lagos, 48 miles (78 km) south, and on the older trunk ... Abercrombie & Fitch American clothing retailer marketing casual wear to preteens, teens, and young adults. Headquarters are in New Albany, Ohio. Abercrombie, James British general in the French and Indian Wars, commander of the British forces in the failed attack on the French at Ticonderoga. Abercrombie, Lascelles poet and critic who was associated with Georgian poetry. Abercrombie, Sir Patrick British architect and town planner who redesigned London after it was devastated by enemy bombardment in World War II. Abercromby, Sir Ralph soldier whose command restored discipline and prestige to the British army after the disastrous campaigns in the Low Countries between 1793 and 1799. He prepared the way for the successful campaign against Napoleon Bonaparte in Egypt. Aberdare town ("community"), Rhondda Cynon Taff county borough, historic county of Glamorgan (Morgannwg), Wales, on the River Cynon. The community dates from the Middle Ages. Its Saint John's Church was built about 1189. Aberdare's main growth in the 19th century was based on iron ore (first ironworks 1799) and coal, particularly ... Aberdare Range mountain range, forming a section of the eastern rim of the Great Rift Valley in west-central Kenya, northeast of Naivasha and Gilgil and just south of the Equator. The range has an average elevation of 11,000 feet (3,350 metres) and culminates in Oldoinyo Lesatima (13,120 feet [3,999 metres]) and Ilkinangop ... Aberdeen city and historic royal burgh (town) astride the Rivers Dee and Don on Scotland's North Sea coast. Aberdeen is a busy seaport, a centre of Scotland's fishing industry, and the commercial capital of northeastern Scotland. It also is the principal British centre of the North Sea oil industry and associated ... Aberdeen city, Harford county, northeastern Maryland, U.S., near Chesapeake Bay, 26 miles (42 km) northeast of Baltimore. Settled about 1800, it was named for the city in Scotland. Aberdeen is the principal trading centre for the nearby 113-square-mile (293-square-km) Aberdeen Proving Ground (established 1917), a U.S. Army test site for guns, ... Aberdeen city, Grays Harbor county, western Washington, U.S., on the Pacific estuaries of the Chehalis, Wishkah, and Hoquiam rivers (which together form Grays Harbor). With Hoquiam and Cosmopolis, Aberdeen forms a tri-city area. Captain Robert Gray navigated the inlet in the ship Columbia on May 7, 1792, and named it Bullfinch ... Aberdeen city, seat (1880) of Brown county, northeastern South Dakota, U.S. It lies in the James River valley about 160 miles (260 km) northeast of Pierre. Established in 1881 as a junction of several railroads, it was named for Aberdeen in Scotland by Alexander Mitchell, president of the Chicago, Milwaukee, and ... Aberdeen, George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th earl of, Viscount Gordon of Aberdeen, Viscount of Formartine, Lord Haddo, Methlick, Tarves, and Kellie British foreign secretary and prime minister (1852-55) whose government involved Great Britain in the Crimean War against Russia (1853-56). Aberdeenshire council area and historic county of eastern Scotland. It projects shoulderlike eastward into the North Sea and encompasses coastal lowlands in the north and east and part of the Grampian Mountains in the west. The council area and the historic county occupy somewhat different areas. The city of Aberdeen is ... Abergavenny town ("community"), historic and present county of Monmouthshire (Sir Fynwy), Wales, at the confluence of the Rivers Gavenny and Usk. The strategic nature of this site, guarding a main valley corridor between the Black Mountains and the Brecon Beacons into South Wales, was recognized by the Romans, who built the ... Aberhart, William the first Social Credit Party premier of Alberta, during and after the Great Depression. Abernathy, Ralph David black American pastor and civil rights leader who was Martin Luther King's chief aide and closest associate during the civil rights movement of the 1950s and '60s. aberration in optical systems, such as lenses and curved mirrors, the deviation of light rays through lenses, causing images of objects to be blurred. In an ideal system, every point on the object will focus to a point of zero size on the image. Practically, however, each image point occupies a ... aberration, constant of in astronomy, the maximum amount of the apparent yearly aberrational displacement of a star or other celestial body, resulting from Earth's orbital motion around the Sun. The value of the constant, 20.49551" of arc, depends on the ratio of Earth's orbital velocity to the velocity of light. James Bradley, the ... Abertillery town, Blaenau Gwent county borough, historic county of Monmouthshire (Sir Fynwy), Wales, in the valley of the River Ebbw. Coal mining was its main economic interest from about 1850 until the last mines closed in the 1980s. Nantyglo, to the north, was the site of famous ironworks. Some light manufacturing ... Aberystwyth coastal town, Ceredigion county (historic county of Cardiganshire), Wales, where the River Rheidol flows into Cardigan Bay. Traces of extensive Iron Age earthworks have been found on the hill Pen Dinas, which overlooks the old port and town. The medieval walled town grew around the castle erected by the Normans ... abettor in law, a person who becomes equally guilty in the crime of another by knowingly and voluntarily aiding the criminal during the act itself. An abettor is one kind of accomplice (q.v.), the other being an accessory, who aids the criminal prior to or after the crime. Abgar legend in early Christian times, a popular myth that Jesus had an exchange of letters with King Abgar V Ukkama of Osroene, whose capital was Edessa, a Mesopotamian city on the northern fringe of the Syrian plateau. According to the legend, the king, afflicted with leprosy, had heard of Jesus' miracles ... Abha city, southwestern Saudi Arabia. It is situated on a plain at the western edge of Mount al-Hijaz and is surrounded by hills. The valley of the Wadi Abha near the city is filled with gardens, fields, and streams. The city consists of four quarters, the largest of which contains an ... Abhayagiri important ancient Theravada Buddhist monastic centre (vihara) built by King Vattagamani Abhaya (29-17 BC) on the northern side of Anuradhapura, the capital of Ceylon (Sri Lanka) at that time. Its importance lay, in part, in the fact that religious and political power were closely related, so that monastic centres had ... Abhdisho bar Berikha Syrian Christian theologian and poet who was the last important representative of the Nestorian tradition, a theological school emphasizing a rational, critical interpretation of early Christian doctrine. The sect, centred in ancient Antioch, countered the speculative mysticism then prevalent in Alexandria and Jerusalem. abhibhvayatana in Buddhist philosophy, one of the preparatory stages of meditation, in which the senses are completely restrained. In Buddhist canons, abhibhvayatana is divided into eight substages during which man comes to realize that physical forms in the external world are different from himself, thus freeing himself from attachment to the ...