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Alexis, Willibald ... algebraic geometry

Alexis, Willibald German writer and critic best known for his historical novels about Brandenburg and Prussia. Alexius I Comnenus Byzantine emperor (1081-1118) at the time of the First Crusade who founded the Comnenian dynasty and partially restored the strength of the empire after its defeats by the Normans and Turks in the 11th century. Alexius II Comnenus Byzantine emperor from 1180 to 1183. Alexius was the son of Manuel I Comnenus and Maria, daughter of Raymond, prince of Antioch. When his father died on September 24, 1180, Alexius became emperor at the age of 11, with his mother as regent. She, in turn, entrusted the government to ... Alexius III Angelus Byzantine emperor from 1195 to 1203. He was the second son of Andronicus Angelus, grandson of Alexius I. In 1195 he was proclaimed emperor by the troops; he captured his brother, the emperor Isaac II, at Stagira in Macedonia and had him blinded and imprisoned. Crowned in April 1195, Alexius ... Alexius IV Angelus Byzantine emperor from 1203 to 1204. Alexius was the son of Emperor Isaac II. He regained control of his rights to the Byzantine throne with the help of the Fourth Crusade but was deposed soon after by a palace coup. Alexius V Ducas Mourtzouphlus Byzantine emperor in 1204, son-in-law of Alexius III Angelus. He led a revolt against the coemperors Isaac II and Alexius IV, who were supported by the Fourth Crusade. He then became the last emperor of Byzantium before its overthrow and partition by the Crusaders. In January 1204 Alexius began his ... Alfa Romeo SpA Italian manufacturer of high-priced sports cars and other vehicles. The company was operated by the Italian government through its state holding company, IRI (Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale), until 1986, when it was sold to Fiat SpA. Headquarters are in Milan. alfalfa perennial, clover-like, leguminous plant of the pea family (Fabaceae), known for its tolerance of drought, heat, and cold; for the remarkable productivity and the quality of its herbage; and for its value in soil improvement. It is widely grown primarily for hay, pasturage, and silage. The plant, which grows 30-90 ... alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica), insect pest of the family Curculionidae (order Coleoptera). The adult is dark brown to black and tiny (3 mm [ 110 inch] long) and has the typical prominent snout used by weevils to bore the small holes in which eggs are deposited. Eggs are laid in autumn, each ... Alfasi, Isaac ben Jacob Talmudic scholar who wrote a codification of the Talmud known as Sefer ha-Halakhot ("Book of Laws"), which ranks with the great codes of Maimonides and Karo. Alferov, Zhores Soviet physicist who, with Herbert Kroemer and Jack S. Kilby, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 2000 for their work that laid the foundation for the modern era of computers and information technology. Alfie British romantic comedy film, released in 1966, that featured a breakout performance from Michael Caine and caused a sensation with its frank depiction of casual sex. Alfieri, Vittorio, Conte Italian tragic poet whose predominant theme was the overthrow of tyranny. In his tragedies, he hoped to provide Italy with dramas comparable to those of other European nations. Through his lyrics and dramas he helped to revive the national spirit of Italy and so earned the title of precursor of ... Alfisol one of the 12 soil orders in the U.S. Soil Taxonomy. Alfisols are arable soils with water content adequate for at least three consecutive months of the growing season. Prior to cultivation they are covered with natural broad-leaved deciduous forest vegetation, sometimes interspersed with needle-leaved evergreen forest or with grass. ... Alfonsin, Raul civilian president of Argentina (1983-89), elected after eight years of military rule, and leader of the moderate Radical Civic Union (Spanish: Union Civica Radical, or UCR). Alfonsine Tables the first set of astronomical tables prepared in Christian Europe. They enabled calculation of eclipses and the positions of the planets for any given time based on the Ptolemaic theory, which assumed that the Earth was at the centre of the universe. The introduction states that the work was prepared ... alfonsino any of the eight species of exclusively marine fishes constituting the family Berycidae (order Beryciformes). The family contains two genera, Beryx and Centroberyx. Representatives occur in deep-sea habitats of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. Alfonso I king of Aragon and of Navarre from 1104 to 1134. Alfonso I king of Asturias from 739 to 757, probably the son-in-law of the first Asturian king, Pelayo. The rebellion of the Berber garrisons in Islamic Spain (741) and the civil strife there that followed gave him the opportunity to incorporate Galicia into his kingdom. He also campaigned far to the south ... Alfonso I duke of Ferrara from 1505, a noted Renaissance prince of the House of Este, an engineer and patron of the arts. Alfonso II count of Barcelona from 1162 and king of Aragon from 1164. Alfonso II king of Asturias from 791 to 842, the son of Fruela I. He had to face frequent and determined attacks by the armies of the emirate of Cordoba and was often defeated, but his doggedness saved Asturias from extinction. He built a new capital, Oviedo, on a strategic site in ... Alfonso III king of Aragon from 1285 to 1291, son of Peter III. A weak king, he was involved in an unsuccessful constitutional struggle with the Aragonese nobles. In 1287 he was compelled to grant the so-called "Privilegio de la Union," which handed over a number of important royal prerogatives to baronial ... Alfonso III king of Asturias from 866 to 910, son of Ordono I. Alfonso IV king of Aragon from 1327 to 1336, son of James II. He was well-intentioned but weak. His reign was marked by a serious revolt in Sardinia, which led to war with Genoa, and by the establishment of diplomatic relations with the Moorish kingdoms of North Africa. The failure of the ... Alfonso IV king of Leon and Asturias from c. 926 to c. 932, the son of Ordono II and the successor of his uncle Fruela II. He became a monk, abdicated, and then thought better of it and tried to recover his throne. His short reign was, in consequence, one of political ... Alfonso IX king of Leon from 1188 to 1230, son of Ferdinand II of Leon, and cousin of Alfonso VIII of Castile (next to whom he is numbered as a junior member of the family). A forceful personality, Alfonso IX was determined to recover Leonese territory lost to Castile; and, despite the ... Alfonso V king of Aragon (1416-58) and king of Naples (as Alfonso I, 1442-58), whose military campaigns in Italy and elsewhere in the central Mediterranean made him one of the most famous men of his day. After conquering Naples, he transferred his court there. Alfonso V king of Leon from 999 to 1028, son of Bermudo II. He came to the throne because the devastating campaigns of Almanzor (see Mansur, Abu 'Amir al-) had forced his father to accept Almanzor's de facto suzerainty over Leon. The Leonese were forced to take part in the Moorish campaign ... Alfonso VI king of Leon (1065-70) and king of reunited Castile and Leon (1072-1109), who by 1077 had proclaimed himself "emperor of all Spain" (imperator totius Hispaniae). His oppression of his Muslim vassals led to the invasion of Spain by an Almoravid army from North Africa (1086). His name is also associated ... Alfonso VII king of Leon and Castile from 1126 to 1157, son of Raymond of Burgundy and the grandson of Alfonso VI, whose imperial title he assumed. Though his reign saw the apogee of the imperial idea in medieval Spain and though he won notable victories against the Moors, he remains a ... Alfonso VIII king of Castile from 1158, son of Sancho III, whom he succeeded when three years old. Alfonso X king of Castile and Leon from 1252 to 1284. Alfonso XI king of Castile and Leon from 1312, who succeeded his father, Ferdinand IV, when he was only a year old. Alfonso XII Spanish king whose short reign (1874-85) gave rise to hopes for a stable constitutional monarchy in Spain. Alfonso XIII Spanish king (1902-31) who by authorizing a military dictatorship hastened his own deposition by advocates of the Second Republic. Alfred king of Wessex (871-899), a Saxon kingdom in southwestern England. He prevented England from falling to the Danes and promoted learning and literacy. Compilation of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle began during his reign, c. 890. Alfred Jewel elaborate gold ornament consisting of an enameled plaque with a figure held in place on one side by an engraved design and on the other by a gold fret of Old English words. The inscription reads, "Aelfred mec heht gewyrcan" ("Alfred ordered me to be made"). The Alfred Jewel (now ... Alfred University private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Alfred, New York, U.S. The university comprises the privately endowed Colleges of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Business, and Engineering and Professional Studies and the publicly funded New York State College of Ceramics, which includes the Schools of Art and Design and of Ceramic ... Alfred, Lord Tennyson English poet often regarded as the chief representative of the Victorian age in poetry. He was raised to the peerage in 1884. Alfven, Hannes astrophysicist and winner, with Louis Neel of France, of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1970 for his essential contributions in founding plasma physics-the study of plasmas (ionized gases). algae members of a group of predominantly aquatic, photosynthetic organisms of the kingdom Protista. They range in size from the tiny flagellate Micromonas that is 1 micrometre (0.00004 inch) in diameter to giant kelps that reach 60 metres (200 feet) in length. Algae provide much of the Earth's oxygen, they are ... Algardi, Alessandro one of the most important Roman sculptors of the 17th century working in the Baroque style. Algarotti, Francesco connoisseur of the arts and sciences, esteemed by the philosophers of the Enlightenment for his wide knowledge and elegant presentation of advanced ideas. Algarve historical province of southern Portugal, bounded by the Atlantic Ocean (south and west) and the lower Guadiana River (east). Much of the interior upland region is of low productivity and is sparsely populated; the fertile coastal lowland is more densely inhabited. algebra branch of mathematics in which arithmetical operations and formal manipulations are applied to abstract symbols rather than specific numbers. The notion that there exists such a distinct subdiscipline of mathematics, as well as the term algebra to denote it, resulted from a slow historical development. This article presents that history, ... algebra, elementary branch of mathematics that deals with the general properties of numbers and the relations between them. Algebra is fundamental not only to all further mathematics and statistics but to the natural sciences, computer science, economics, and business. Along with writing, it is a cornerstone of modern scientific and technological civilization. ... algebra, linear mathematical discipline that deals with vectors and matrices and, more generally, with vector spaces and linear transformations. Unlike other parts of mathematics that are frequently invigorated by new ideas and unsolved problems, linear algebra is very well understood. Its value lies in its many applications, from mathematical physics to modern ... algebra, modern branch of mathematics concerned with the general algebraic structure of various sets (such as real numbers, complex numbers, matrices, and vector spaces), rather than rules and procedures for manipulating their individual elements. algebraic equation statement of the equality of two expressions formulated by applying to a set of variables the algebraic operations, namely, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, raising to a power, and extraction of a root. Examples are x3+1 and (y4x2+2xy-y)/(x-1)=12. An important special case of such equations is that of polynomial equations, expressions ... algebraic geometry study of the geometric properties of solutions to polynomial equations, including solutions in dimensions beyond three. (Solutions in two and three dimensions are first covered in plane and solid analytic geometry, respectively.)