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Alexander IV ... Alexis, Saint

Alexander IV pope from 1254 to 1261. Alexander Nevsky, Saint prince of Novgorod (1236-52) and of Kiev (1246-52) and grand prince of Vladimir (1252-63), who halted the eastward drive of the Germans and Swedes but collaborated with the Mongols in imposing their rule on Russia. By defeating a Swedish invasion force at the confluence of the Rivers Izhora and Neva ... Alexander Of Aphrodisias philosopher who is remembered for his commentaries on Aristotle's works and for his own studies on the soul and the mind. Alexander Of Hales theologian and philosopher whose doctrines influenced the teachings of such thinkers as St. Bonaventure and John of La Rochelle. The Summa theologica, for centuries ascribed to him, is largely the work of followers. Alexander Of Pherae despot of Pherae in Thessaly, Greece, from 369 to 358, whose tyranny caused the intervention of a number of city-states in Thessalian affairs. The other Thessalian cities, refusing to recognize Alexander as tagos, or head magistrate, appealed to the Thebans, who sent Pelopidas to their assistance. Alexander imprisoned Pelopidas, and ... Alexander Polyhistor philosopher, geographer, and historian whose fragmentary writings provide valuable information on antiquarian and Jewish subjects. Alexander romance any of a body of legends about the career of Alexander the Great, told and retold with varying emphasis and purpose by succeeding ages and civilizations. Alexander the Great king of Macedonia (336-323 BCE). He overthrew the Persian empire, carried Macedonian arms to India, and laid the foundations for the Hellenistic world of territorial kingdoms. Already in his lifetime the subject of fabulous stories, he later became the hero of a full-scale legend bearing only the sketchiest resemblance to ... Alexander The Paphlagonian celebrated impostor and worker of false oracles. The only account of his career occurs in an expose by Lucian, whose investigations of Alexander's frauds led to a serious attempt on the writer's life. Alexander VI corrupt, worldly, and ambitious pope (1492-1503), whose neglect of the spiritual inheritance of the church contributed to the development of the Protestant Reformation. Alexander VII pope from 1655 to 1667. Alexander VIII pope from 1689 to 1691, best known for his condemnation of Gallicanism, a French clerical and political movement that sought to limit papal authority. Alexander, Dorothy American ballet dancer and choreographer, founder of the Atlanta Ballet, and pioneer of the regional ballet movement. Alexander, Francesca American expatriate illustrator and author, remembered for her collections of Tuscan folk songs, tales, and lore. Alexander, Franz physician and psychoanalyst sometimes referred to as the father of psychosomatic medicine because of his leading role in identifying emotional tension as a significant cause of physical illness. Alexander, Grover Cleveland American professional baseball player, one of the finest right-handed pitchers in the history of the game, frequently considered the greatest master of control. From 1911 to 1930 he won 373 major league games and lost 208. Alexander pitched for three National League (NL) teams during his major league career: the ... Alexander, Harold Alexander, 1st Earl prominent British field marshal in World War II noted for his North African campaigns against Field Marshal Erwin Rommel and for his later commands in Italy and western Europe. Alexander, Hattie Elizabeth American pediatrician and microbiologist whose groundbreaking work on influenzal meningitis significantly reduced infant death rates and advanced the field of microbiological genetics. Alexander, James Waddell, II American mathematician and a founder of the branch of mathematics originally known as analysis situs, now called topology. Alexander, Jane American actress who, in addition to achieving a successful performance career, became the first actor to chair the National Endowment for the Arts. Alexander, Meena Indian poet and teacher whose works reflect her multicultural life in India, Sudan, and the United States. Alexander, Samuel philosopher who developed a metaphysics of emergent evolution involving time, space, matter, mind, and deity. Alexander, Shaun American professional gridiron football player who was one of the most prolific touchdown scorers in National Football League (NFL) history. Alexanderson, Ernst F.W. electrical engineer and television pioneer who developed a high-frequency alternator (a device that converts direct current into alternating current) capable of producing continuous radio waves and thereby revolutionized radio communication. Alexandra queen consort of King Edward VII of Great Britain. Alexandra town, south-central South Island, New Zealand. It lies at the junction of the Clutha and Manuherikia rivers and is surrounded by three mountain ranges. Originally known as Lower Dunstan and Manuherikia, the settlement was named Alexandra South in 1863 to commemorate the marriage of the Danish princess Alexandra to Edward, ... Alexandra consort of the Russian emperor Nicholas II. Her misrule while the emperor was commanding the Russian forces during World War I precipitated the collapse of the imperial government in March 1917. Alexandria major city and urban muhafazah (governorate) in Egypt. Once among the greatest cities of the Mediterranean world and a centre of Hellenic scholarship and science, Alexandria was the capital of Egypt from its founding by Alexander the Great in 332 BCE until its surrender to the Arab forces led by ... Alexandria town, capital of Teleorman judet (county), southern Romania. It lies along the southward-flowing Vedea River in the Danube floodplain. Alexandria is a regional marketing centre for agricultural produce, mostly grain. The town also has flour mills and other food-processing plants. Manufactures include construction materials, chemicals, and rubber products. The town ... Alexandria city, seat of Rapides parish, central Louisiana, U.S. The city lies along the Red River, opposite Pineville, about 100 miles (160 km) northwest of Baton Rouge. It was laid out (1805) at the rapids that then marked the head of river navigation and was named for the daughter of Alexander ... Alexandria city, adjoining Arlington and Fairfax counties, northern Virginia, U.S. It lies on the Potomac River (there bridged at the Maryland state line), 6 miles (10 km) south of the District of Columbia. A fort was built on the site in 1676 to defend the area from attacks by Susquehannock (Susquehanna) ... Alexandria city, seat of Douglas county, west-central Minnesota, U.S. It is situated about 70 miles (115 km) northwest of St. Cloud in a lake-resort and dairy-farm region. Settled in 1858 on land that was once part of Ojibwa and Sioux camping grounds, Alexandria was organized as a township in 1866 and ... Alexandria Municipal Museum museum of Greek and Roman antiquities founded in 1892 and housed in Alexandria, Egypt, in a Greek Revival-style building opened in 1895. Alexandria Quartet, The series of four novels by Lawrence Durrell. The lush and sensuous tetralogy, which consists of Justine (1957), Balthazar (1958), Mountolive (1958), and Clea (1960), is set in Alexandria, Egypt, during the 1940s. Three of the books are written in the first person, Mountolive in the third. The first three volumes ... Alexandria, Library of the most famous library of classical antiquity. It formed part of the research institute at Alexandria in Egypt that is known as the Museum, or the Alexandrian Museum. Alexandria, School of the first Christian institution of higher learning, founded in the mid-2nd century AD in Alexandria, Egypt. Under its earliest known leaders (Pantaenus, Clement, and Origen), it became a leading centre of the allegorical method of biblical interpretation, espoused a rapprochement between Greek culture and Christian faith, and attempted to assert ... Alexandria, Synod of (AD 362), a meeting of Christian bishops held in Alexandria, Egypt, summoned by the bishop of Alexandria, Athanasius. It allowed clergy that were readmitted to communion after making common cause with Arians to return to their former ecclesiastical status, provided they had not themselves subscribed to Arianism. The synod stated ... Alexandrian Museum ancient centre of classical learning at Alexandria in Egypt. A research institute that was especially noted for its scientific and literary scholarship, the Alexandrian Museum was built near the royal palace about 280 BC by Ptolemy I Soter (reigned 323-285/283 BC). The best surviving description of the museum is by ... Alexandrian rite the system of liturgical practices and discipline in use among Egyptian and Ethiopian Christians of both the Eastern-rite Catholic and independent Christian churches. Alexandrina, Lake estuarine lagoon, southeastern South Australia, 45 miles (70 km) southeast of Adelaide. Together with contiguous Lake Albert and the long, narrow lagoon called The Coorong, it forms the mouth of the Murray River. About 23 miles (37 km) long and 13 miles (21 km) wide, the lake has a total ... alexandrine verse form that is the leading measure in French poetry. It consists of a line of 12 syllables with major stresses on the 6th syllable (which precedes the medial caesura [pause]) and on the last syllable, and one secondary accent in each half line. Because six syllables is a normal ... Alexandrist any of the Italian philosophers of the Renaissance who, in the controversy about personal immortality, followed the explanation of Aristotle's De anima (On the Soul) given by Alexander of Aphrodisias, who held that it denied individual immortality. Alexandroupoli seaport, capital of the nomos (department) of Evros, western Thrace (Modern Greek: Thraki), Greece. It is situated northwest of the Maritsa (Evros) River estuary on the Gulf of Ainos (Enez), an inlet of the Thracian Sea. Founded by the Turks as Dedeagac in 1860, it began to grow with the ... Alexeieff, Alexandre Russian-born French filmmaker who invented the pinscreen method of animation with his collaborator (later his wife), the animator Claire Parker (1910-81). Alexie, Sherman Native American writer whose poetry, short stories, novels, and films about the lives of American Indians won him an international following. Alexis one of the foremost writers of Middle and New Comedy at Athens, a low form of comedy that succeeded the Old Comedy of Aristophanes. Alexis only son of Nicholas II, the last tsar of Russia, and the tsarina Alexandra. He was the first male heir born to a reigning tsar since the 17th century. Alexis tsar of Russia from 1645 to 1676. Alexis heir to the throne of Russia, who was accused of trying to overthrow his father, Peter I the Great. Alexis I Russian Orthodox Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia (1945-70) whose allegiance to the Soviet government helped him strengthen the structure of the church within an officially atheistic country. Alexis, Saint metropolitan of Moscow from 1354 to 1378 and the first representative of the Russian Orthodox church to take a truly active role in governing Russia.