| | - Awangarda Krakowska
- avant-garde literary movement in Poland, launched in Krakow in 1922 and centring around a local periodical, Zwrotnica (1922-27; "Switch"). Tadeusz Peiper, the first poet in Poland to advance a poetics opposed to that of the Skamander group of poets (who had turned toward the classical in their ... [2 Related Articles]
- awareness
- (from the article "Gestalt therapy") Gestalt therapy seeks to resolve the conflicts and ambiguities that result from the failure to integrate features of the personality. The goal of Gestalt therapy is to teach people to become aware of significant sensations within themselves and their environment so that they respond fully and reasonably to situations. The ...
- Awash River
- river in eastern Ethiopia. It rises on a steep northern escarpment of the Eastern (Great) Rift Valley and is fed by Lakes Shala, Abiyata, Langano, and Ziway. Cotton is grown in the fertile Awash River valley, and dams (notably the Koka Dam, 1960) supply hydroelectric power. Herds of antelope and ... [6 Related Articles]
- away swinger
- (from the article "cricket") ...pitch at an angle that is difficult for the batsman to anticipate. The two swerves (curves) are the "inswinger," which moves in the air from off to leg (into the batsman), and the "away swinger," or "outswinger," which swerves from leg to off (away from the batsman). A "googly" (coined ...
- awdl
- in Welsh verse, a long ode written in cynghanedd (a complex system of alliteration and internal rhyme) and in one or more of the 24 strict bardic metres, though only 4 bardic metres are commonly used. The awdl was, by the 15th century, the vehicle for many ... [3 Related Articles]
- Awdry, Wilbert Vere
- British clergyman and author who created the enormously popular children's series Thomas the Tank Engine; between 1945 and 1972 he wrote 26 stories about the mischievous locomotive, selling more than 50 million books and spawning some 500 products, including videos, toys, and clothing (b. June 15, 1911--d. March 21, 1997).
- Awe, Loch
- longest lake in Scotland, measuring 24 miles (39 km) from northeast to southwest, situated in Argyll and Bute council area, historic county of Argyllshire, at 117 feet (36 metres) above sea level. At the lake's northern end the scenery is rugged and grand, dominated by Ben Cruachan, with an elevation ...
- Aweys, Sheikh Hassan Dahir
- (from the article "Somalia") Western governments, notably the United States and the United Kingdom, were troubled by the existence of jihadist elements within the courts. The CSIC's supreme leader, Sheikh Hassan Dahir Aweys, was designated by the U.S. and the UN as an individual with links to terrorism. A militant faction within the CSIC ...
- Awil-Marduk
- (from the article "Mesopotamia, history of") Awil-Marduk (called Evil-Merodach in the Old Testament; 561-560), the son of Nebuchadrezzar, was unable to win the support of the priests of Marduk. His reign did not last long, and he was soon eliminated. His brother-in-law and successor, Nergal-shar-usur (called Neriglissar in classical sources; 559-556), was a general who undertook ...
- awilum
- (from the article "Mesopotamia, history of") ...as a debtor-slave. The muskenum were, under King Hammurabi at least, persons employed by the palace who could be given land in usufruct without receiving it as property. Awilum were the citizens who owned land in their own right and depended neither on the palace nor on the temple. As ...
- Awka
- town and capital of Anambra state, southern Nigeria. The town lies along roads leading from Owerri, Umuahia, Onitsha, and Enugu. Formerly covered with tropical forest, the area around Awka now mostly consists of wooded grassland. South of the town on the slopes of the Awka-Orlu Uplands are some examples of ... [1 Related Articles]
- awl
- (from the article "hand tool") A varied terminology is related to making holes with revolving tools. A hole may be drilled or bored; awls, gimlets, and augers also produce holes. An awl is the simplest hole maker, for, like a needle, it simply pushes material to one side without removing it. Drills, gimlets, and augers, ...
- awn
- (from the article "Poaceae") Special spikelet structures aid in the dispersal and establishment of grass seeds. The backs or tips of glumes and lemmas may develop one or more awns, needlelike structures that may catch on animal fur. The base of the spikelet may be hardened into a pointed, hairy callus. The callus is ...
- Awole
- (from the article "Ile-Ife") ...of state," symbolizing spiritual authority) given to an alafin ("king") of Oyo upon his coronation, the alafin had to promise not to attack Ife. When Alafin Awole tried to raid Ife territory for slaves in 1793, it brought severe internal resistance and the series of wars that destroyed the Oyo ...
- Awolowo, Obafemi
- Nigerian politician, who was a strong advocate of independence and nationalism. [3 Related Articles]
- Awoonor, Kofi
- Ghanaian novelist and poet whose verse has been widely translated and anthologized. [1 Related Articles]
- Awsan
- (from the article "Arabia, history of") ...qayls, belonging to the aristocratic clans that headed each associated community. The oldest documents attest a number of other kingdoms. The most important was Awsan, which lay in the highlands to the south of the Wadi Bayhan. An early Sabaean text speaks of a massive defeat of Awsan, in terms ...
- awujale
- (from the article "Ijebu-Ode") ...is situated along the highway between Shagamu and Benin City. Ijebu-Ode was by the 16th century established as the chief town of the Ijebu people (a subdivision of the Yoruba). As the seat of the awujale, the Ijebu political and spiritual ruler, it served as the capital of the Ijebu ...
- Awura Pokou
- (from the article "Baule") The ancestors of the Baule were a section of the Asante who immigrated to their present location under the leadership of Queen Awura Pokou about AD 1750, following a dispute over the chieftaincy, and assimilated many of the indigenous peoples. After 1790 quarrels between important families destroyed the unity of ...
- Awza'i, al-
- (from the article "Islamic world") ...who died in 820. By his time Islamic law was extensive but uncoordinated, reflecting differing local needs and tastes. Schools had begun to form around various recognized masters, such as al-Awza'i in Syria, Abu Hanifah in Iraq, and Malik ibn Anas, all of whom used some combination of local custom, ...
- ax
- hand tool used for chopping, splitting, chipping, and piercing. Stone Age hand axes originated in simple stone implements that acquired wooden hafts, or handles, about 30,000 BC. Copper-bladed axes appeared in Egypt about 4000 BC and were followed by axes with blades of bronze and eventually iron; blades were fastened ... [7 Related Articles]
- ax stroke
- (from the article "arts, East Asian") ...in the Fan K'uan tradition, but he gradually reduced Fan's monumentality into more refined and delicate compositions and transformed Fan's small "raindrop" texture into a broader "axe-cut" texture stroke that subsequently remained a hallmark of most Chinese court academy landscape painting.development by Li Tang
- Ax, Emanuel
- (from the article "Ma, Yo-Yo") ...and recordings of the standard cello repertoire and for receiving an unusually large number of commissions from contemporary composers. He frequently performed as part of a trio with pianist Emanuel Ax and violinist Young-Uck Kim and as part of a quartet with Ax, Stern, and violinist Jaime Laredo. Ma and ...
- Ax, James
- (from the article "metalogic") ...that yields an unambiguous interpretation of the classical concept of infinitesimals-the division into units as small as one pleases. They have also been applied by two mathematicians, James Ax and Simon B. Kochen, to problems in the field of algebra (on p-adic fields).
- axel
- (from the article "Grafstrom, Gillis") ...ignored most competitions but the Olympic Games, Grafstrom was known for his smooth elegance, his perfectly executed routines, and the graceful flow of his skating. He was the first to make the axel a controlled jump, because its inventor, Axel Paulsen, had worn hockey skates when he performed it. He ...
- Axel Springer Verlag AG
- (from the article "Springer, Axel") German publisher who founded Axel Springer Verlag AG, one of the largest publishing concerns in Europe.publishing in GermanyGermanyThe press...(including the media) to ensure against a company abusing its dominant position within a pa
- Axel, Gabriel
- (from the article "1987: Best Foreign-Language Film") Other Nominees
- Axel, Richard
- American scientist who, with Linda B. Buck, won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 2004 for pioneering research on the olfactory system. [2 Related Articles]
- Axelrod, George
- American playwright and screenwriter (b. June 9, 1922, New York, N.Y.-d. June 21, 2003, Los Angeles, Calif.), created witty, sophisticated, and sometimes satiric works for the stage and screen in the 1950s and '60s and for a time was Hollywood's highest-paid screenwriter. Among his most notable successes were the plays ...
- Axelrod, Julius
- American biochemist and pharmacologist who, along with the British biophysicist Sir Bernard Katz and the Swedish physiologist Ulf von Euler, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1970. Axelrod's contribution was his identification of an enzyme that degrades chemical neurotransmitters within the nervous system after they are ... [1 Related Articles]
- Axholme, Isle of
- area of about 80 square miles (210 square km) west of the River Trent in the unitary authority of North Lincolnshire, historic county of Lincolnshire, England. A tract of low flatland less than 100 feet (30 metres) above sea level, it was formerly surrounded by fens. Drainage works, begun in ...
- axial flow centrifugal pump
- (from the article "pump") In axial flow centrifugal pumps the rotor is a propeller. Fluid flows parallel to the axis as illustrated in Figure 5. Diffusion vanes are located in the discharge port of the pump to eliminate the rotational velocity of the fluid imparted by the propeller. Axial flow compressors are also used ...
- axial locomotion
- (from the article "locomotion") Movement in animals is achieved by two types of locomotion, axial and appendicular. In axial locomotion, which includes the hydraulic ramjet method of ejecting water (e.g., squid), production of a body wave (eel), or the contract-anchor-extend method (leech), the body shape is modified, and the interaction of the entire body ...
- axial muscle
- (from the article "muscle") ...vertebrate musculature are the visceral musculature and the somatic musculature (the striated muscles of the body wall). Somatic musculature may be divided into appendicular, or limb, muscles and axial muscles. The axial muscles include the muscles of the tail, trunk, and eyeballs as well as a group of muscles called ...
- axial organ
- (from the article "echinoderm") ...nor true vessels. A hemal ring and five radial hemal canals surround the esophagus and radial canals of the water-vascular system. A sixth hemal space arises from the hemal ring and enters the axial organ. In addition, a complex network of hemal spaces is associated with the alimentary canal and ...
- axial plane
- (from the article "fold") Folds are generally classified according to the attitude of their axes and their appearance in cross sections perpendicular to the trend of the fold. As shown in Figure 1, the axial plane of a fold is the plane or surface that divides the fold as symmetrically as possible. The axial ...
- axial skeleton
- (from the article "skeletal system, human") ...human skeleton, like that of other vertebrates, consists of two principal subdivisions, each with origins distinct from the others and each presenting certain individual features. These are (1) the axial, comprising the vertebral column-the spine-and much of the skull, and (2) the appendicular, to which the pelvic (hip) and pectoral ...
- axial stress
- (from the article "rock") ...(force per unit area) is applied to a material such as rock, the material experiences a change in dimension, volume, or shape. This change, or deformation, is called strain (epsilon). Stresses can be axial-e.g., directional tension or simple compression-or shear (tangential), or all-sided (e.g., hydrostatic compression). The terms stress and ...
- axial substituent
- (from the article "hydrocarbon") There are two orientations of carbon-hydrogen bonds in the chair conformation of cyclohexane. Six bonds are parallel to a vertical axis passing through the centre of the ring and are called axial (a) bonds. The directions of these six axial bonds alternate up and down from one carbon to the ...
- axial system
- (from the article "tree") ...and ray initials, respectively. In conifers the cells of the axial system are most frequently tracheids, which are designed to form tissues for strength and water conduction; in hardwoods the axial system is composed primarily of fibres and vessel elements. Having two cell types permits a division of labour; the ...
- axial-flow compressor
- (from the article "gas-turbine engine") Early gas turbines employed centrifugal compressors, which are relatively simple and inexpensive. They are, however, limited to low pressure ratios and cannot match the efficiencies of modern axial-flow compressors. Accordingly, centrifugal compressors are used today primarily in small industrial units.usescompressor...this ...
- axial-flow fan
- (from the article "fan") In an axial-flow fan, with the runner and guide vanes in a cylindrical housing, air passes through the runner essentially without changing its distance from the axis of rotation. There is no centrifugal effect. Guide, or stator, vanes serve to smooth the airflow and improve efficiency.
- axial-flow turbine
- (from the article "turbine") Fixed propeller-type turbines are generally used for large units at low heads, resulting in large diameters and slow rotational speeds. As the name suggests, a propeller-type turbine runner looks like the very large propeller of a ship except that it serves the opposite purpose: power is extracted in a turbine, ...
- axial-tilt cycle
- (from the article "climate change") The 23,000-year and 41,000-year cycles are driven ultimately by two components of Earth's orbital geometry: the equinoctial precession cycle (23,000 years) and the axial-tilt cycle (41,000 years). Although the third parameter of Earth's orbit, eccentricity, varies on a 100,000-year cycle, its magnitude is insufficient to explain the 100,000-year cycles of ...
- Axierus
- (from the article "Cabeiri") ...Perhaps originally indefinite in number, in classical times there appear to have been two male deities, Axiocersus and his son and attendant Cadmilus, or Casmilus, and a less-important female pair, Axierus and Axiocersa. These were variously identified by the Greeks with deities of their own pantheon. The cult included worship ...
- axile placentation
- (from the article "placenta") ...In a compound pistil, two or more carpels are used in various ways, placentation being parietal, with carpels united by their adjacent margins and the ovules disposed along the inner ovary walls; axile, with carpels folded inward and the ovules along the central axis of the ovary; free central, derived ...
- axillary amplexus
- (from the article "Anura") ...the male grasps the female from above and around the waist (inguinal amplexus), whereas in the more advanced frogs (neobatrachians) the position is shifted anteriorly to the armpits (axillary amplexus). The latter position brings the cloacae of the amplectic pair into closer proximity and presumably ensures more efficient fertilization.
- axillary artery
- (from the article "human cardiovascular system") ...arms are supplied by the subclavian artery on the left and by the continuation of the innominate on the right. At approximately the border of the first rib, both of these vessels become known as the axillary artery; this, in turn, becomes the brachial artery as it passes down the ...
- axillary branching
- (from the article "angiosperm") The two modes of axillary branching in angiosperms are monopodial and sympodial. Monopodial branching occurs when the terminal bud continues to grow as a central leader shoot and the lateral branches remain subordinate-e.g., beech trees (Fagus). Sympodial branching occurs when the terminal bud...
- axillary bud
- (from the article "plant development") The shoots of most vascular plants branch according to a consistent plan, with each new axis arising in the angle between a leaf and a stem-that is, in a leaf axil. In some plants, buds may also form from the older parts of shoot or root remote from the main ...
- axillary nerve
- (from the article "nervous system, human") ...medial and lateral pectoral (to pectoralis minor and major), long thoracic (to serratus anterior), thoracodorsal (to latissimus dorsi), and subscapular (to teres major and subscapular). The axillary nerve carries motor fibres to the deltoid and teres minor muscles as well as sensory fibres to the lateral surface of the shoulder ...
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