(from the article "Austria") ...affairs. Facing the possibility of conflict with Russia in this area, Austria-Hungary had looked for an ally, with the result that in 1879 Austria-Hungary and the German Empire had joined in the Dual Alliance, by which the two sovereigns promised each other support in the case of Russian aggression. The ...
(from the article "Italy") On March 23 Charles Albert of Sardinia-Piedmont declared war on Austria. It was a risky decision, but prospects for a national war seemed promising, and he wanted to seize the initiative to preclude republican and democratic domination of the insurgency. After annexing Parma and Modena, whose rulers had been driven ...
(from the article "Austria") ...who followed Kalnoky as foreign minister in 1895, decided that direct relations with Russia should be renewed. In April 1897 Francis Joseph and Goluchowski visited St. Petersburg. The agreements signed as a result of this initiative aimed to exclude Italy from Balkan affairs and sought to entrust preservation of the ...
(from the article "Austroasiatic languages") ...Austric. Paul K. Benedict, an American scholar, extended the Austric theory to include the Tai-Kadai family of Southeast Asia and the Miao-Yao (Hmong-Mien) family of China, together forming an "Austro-Tai" superfamily.Austronesian languagesExternal relationships...became convinced of the relationship of Indo-European to ...
stock of some 150 languages spoken by more than 65 million people scattered throughout Southeast Asia and eastern India. Most of these languages have numerous dialects. Khmer, Mon, and Vietnamese are culturally the most important and have the longest recorded history. The rest are languages of nonurban minority groups written, ... [6 Related Articles]
(from the article "Magnoliidae") ...members of angiosperms, because they do not have enlarged sieve pores in their more sloping end walls. The only angiosperm to have parenchyma cells with the same function as companion cells is Austrobaileya (Austrobaileyaceae) in the order Magnoliales. Austrobaileya seems to retain a stage in the evolution of phloem in ...
family of languages spoken in most of the Indonesian Archipelago; all of the Philippines, Madagascar, and the island groups of the Central and South Pacific (except for Australia and much of New Guinea); much of Malaysia; and scattered areas of Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, and Taiwan. In terms of the number ... [17 Related Articles]
(from the article "Taxaceae") ...conelike structures. The usually solitary seeds are covered by fleshy arils (berrylike or plumlike structures) that apparently aid in dispersal by animals. The seed tip is exposed in species of Austrotaxus.
(from the article "Taxaceae") The genus Austrotaxus has only one species (A. spicata), native to mountain forests of New Caledonia. Growing from 15 to 25 metres tall, the tree resembles the yellow woods in leaf characteristics and growth habit but differs in flower structure and the presence of the seed covering.
(from the article "Romania") Humid winds from the northwest are most common, but often the drier winds from the northeast are strongest. A hot southwesterly wind, the austru, blows over western Romania, particularly in summer. In winter, cold and dense air masses encircle the eastern portions of the country, with the cold northeasterly known ...
(from the article "Orinoco River") ...The waters fall in a succession of rapids, ending with the Atures Rapids. In this region, the main tributaries are the Vichada and Tomo rivers from the Colombian Llanos, and the Guayapo, Sipapo, Autana, and Cuao rivers from the Guiana Highlands.
(from the article "lizard") An early split within Scleroglossa produced the Gekkota (geckos) and the Autarchoglossa (snakes, skinks, and their relatives). Use of the vomerolfaction system did not develop within Gekkota to the extent that it did within Autarchoglossa; however, the tongue was increasingly used as a tool for cleaning the spectacle, a transparent ...
(from the article "Hellenistic Age") The philosophers of the period pursued autarkeia: self-sufficiency, or nonattachment. The most extreme position was taken by the cynics, whose founder was Diogenes of Sinope (c. 400-325 BC). Behind his rejection of traditional allegiances lay a profound concern with moral values. What matters to human beings, he taught, was not ...
the study of the interactions of an individual organism or a single species with the living and nonliving factors of its environment. Autecology is primarily experimental and deals with easily measured variables such as light, humidity, and available nutrients in an effort to understand the needs, life history, and behaviour ...
theory of filmmaking in which the director is viewed as the major creative force in a motion picture. Arising in France in the late 1940s, the auteur theory-as it was dubbed by the American film critic Andrew Sarris-was an outgrowth of the cinematic theories of Andre Bazin and Alexandre Astruc. ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "Italy") ...back, and it was easier for them to divide the Lombard leadership and buy some of them into the Byzantine camp. For the rest of the century, even after the reestablishment of Lombard kingship under Authari (584-590) and then Agilulf (590-616), nearly as many Lombard leaders seem to have been ...
(from the article "cadence") In an authentic cadence, a chord that incorporates the dominant triad (based on the fifth tone of the scale) is followed by the tonic triad (based on the first tone of the scale), V-I; the tonic harmony comes at the end of the phrase. In the strongest type of authentic ...
(from the article "Phenomenology") ...The two basic possibilities of man's existing (from the Latin ex and sistere, "standing out from") are those in which Dasein either comes to its self (called authenticity) or loses itself (called inauthenticity); Dasein is inauthentic, for example, when it lets the possibilities of the choice for its own "ek-sisting" ...
(from the article "mode") An authentic mode consists of a pentachord (a succession of five diatonic notes) followed by a conjunct tetrachord, for example:
(from the article "Italy") ...in their judgments and legislation. But Frederick was more conscious of its importance as a source justifying imperial actions. He issued a special privilege for scholars studying law, the so-called Authentica Habita (c. 1155), and played a leading role in the gradual evolution of the law schools ...
(from the article "Rembrandt Research Project (RRP)") ...that were thought to have harmed the image of Rembrandt as a painter. Over time, the project's aims broadened, as it became clear that much fundamental research was needed to tackle problems of authenticity.
(from the article "lithification") ...and conglomerates. In addition, reactions take place within a sediment between various minerals and between minerals and the fluids trapped in the pores; these reactions, collectively termed authigenesis, may form new minerals or add to others already present in the sediment. Minerals may be dissolved and redistributed into nodules and ...
(from the article "sedimentary rock") Minerals that make up sedimentary rocks are of two principal types-namely, detrital and authigenic. Detrital minerals, such as grains of quartz and feldspar, survive weathering and are transported to the depositional site as clasts. Authigenic minerals, like calcite, halite, and gypsum, form in situ within the depositional site in response ...
(from the article "ocean") The most significant authigenic sediments in the ocean basins today are metal-rich sediments and manganese nodules. Metal-rich sediments include those enriched by iron, manganese, copper, chromium, and lead. These sediments are common at spreading centres, indicating that processes at the centres are responsible for their formation-specifically, hydrothermal circulation is the ...
one who is the source of some form of intellectual or creative work; especially, one who composes a book, article, poem, play, or other literary work intended for publication. Usually a distinction is made between an author and others (such as a compiler, an editor, or a translator) who assemble, ...
(from the article "book collecting") There are at least as many types of book collectors as there are kinds of books. Traditional approaches tended to fall within three genres: the author collection, the subject collection, and the cabinet collection.
principle of blind submission to authority, as opposed to individual freedom of thought and action. In government, authoritarianism denotes any political system that concentrates power in the hands of a leader or a small elite that is not constitutionally responsible to the body of the people. Authoritarian leaders often exercise ... [9 Related Articles]
(from the article "collective behaviour") How the immediate effects of collective behaviour are translated into long-term consequences depends upon several contingencies, of which four merit attention. First, the nature of the response by authorities affects the immediate course of the collective behaviour. Some evidence suggests that alarmed and repressive reactions strengthen polarization, that moderate reactions ...
(from the article "Computers and Information Systems") ...French government officials, fearing that their language and culture might take a backseat under the Google plan, said that France should devise its own plan to put library collections online. The Authors Guild, which represented 8,000 writers, filed a class-action suit that alleged copyright infringement; the suit sought an injunction ...
a developmental disorder that affects physical, social, and language skills. The syndrome usually appears before three years of age, although the earliest signs are quite subtle. [5 Related Articles]
city, southwestern Jalisco estado (state), west-central Mexico. Autlan is situated in the western foothills of the Sierra Madre Occidental at 3,291 feet (1,003 m) above sea level. It is a regional centre of commerce, agriculture (oranges, lemons, guavas, and other fruits), livestock raising, and ...
(from the article "Salic Law of Succession") ...Likewise, Spain had no such principle until Philip V, the first Spanish king to come from the French house of Bourbon, introduced a less-stringent variation of the Salic Law by his Auto Acordado of 1713, which was later repealed. The Salic Law of Succession was applied when Victoria, who was ...
(Spanish: "sacramental act"), Spanish dramatic genre that reached its height in the 17th century with autos written by the playwright Pedro Calderon de la Barca. Performed outdoors as part of the Corpus Christi feast day celebrations, autos were short allegorical plays in verse dealing with some aspect of the mystery ... [5 Related Articles]
a public ceremony during which the sentences upon those brought before the Spanish Inquisition were read and after which the sentences were executed by the secular authorities. The first auto-da-fe took place at Sevilla (Seville) in 1481; the last, in Mexico in 1850. The ceremonies, which became increasingly elaborate and ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "industrial polymers, chemistry of") ...reactions, but on a large industrial scale it can be dangerous, since heat causes an increase in the reaction rate, and faster reactions in turn produce yet more heat. This phenomenon, called autoacceleration, can cause polymerization reactions to accelerate at explosive rates unless efficient means for heat dissipation are included ...
(from the article "blood") Tests can be performed manually using an individual procedure for each analysis; however, the autoanalyzer, a completely automated machine, increases the number of chemical analyses that can be performed in laboratories. A dozen analyses may be made simultaneously by a single machine employing a small amount of serum. The serum ...
harmful antibody that attacks components of the body called self antigens. Normally autoantibodies are routinely eliminated by the immune system's self-regulatory process-probably through the neutralization of autoantibody-producing lymphocytes before they mature. At times this process fails, and antibodies that react to self constituents proliferate. [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "Germany") ...completed the first section of the autobahn, near Berlin, in 1921, and several other countries quickly followed with their own versions of high-speed expressways. In the 1930s Hitler exploited the autobahn for economic, military, and propaganda purposes, but during World War II this German innovation-regarded as a model for modern ...
(from the article "Literature") ...international literary decline was due rather to its relentless bleakness, known as deprimisme, and to the trend toward navel-gazing novelizations of authors' lives, known as autobiofictions, whose hold on French literature seemed only to tighten with time, despite the growing sense of tedium with which they were met. During the ...
(from the article "memory") As an aspect of episodic memory, autobiographical memories are unique to each individual. The study of autobiographical memory poses problems, because it is difficult to prove whether the events took place as reported. Using diary methods, researchers have found that people recall actions more accurately than thoughts-except in the case ...
(from the article "biography") Autobiography, like biography, manifests a wide variety of forms, beginning with the intimate writings made during a life that were not intended (or apparently not intended) for publication. Whatever its form or time, however, autobiography has helped define a nation's citizens and political ambitions. The form is crucial to not ...
(from the article "mollusk") ...feeders burrowing in soft sediments or attached by byssus gland of foot on hard substrata in 0-10,700 m; 1 mm to 1.35 m; 3 subclasses: Ctenidiobranchia (Nuculida), Palaeobranchia (Solemyida), Autobranchia (lamellibranch and septibranch bivalves); about 6,000 marine and 2,000 limnic species.
(from the article "food preservation") The unsaturated fatty acids present in the lipids of many foods are susceptible to chemical breakdown when exposed to oxygen. The oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids is autocatalytic; that is, it proceeds by a free-radical chain reaction. Free radicals contain an unpaired electron (represented by a dot in the molecular ...
in the modern usage of Eastern Orthodox canon law, church that enjoys total canonical and administrative independence and elects its own primates and bishops. The term autocephalous was used in medieval Byzantine law in its literal sense of "self-headed" (Greek: autokephalos), or independent, and was applied in church law to ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "photography, history of") The Autochrome process, introduced in France in 1907 by Auguste and Louis Lumiere, was the first practical colour photography process. It used a colour screen (a glass plate covered with grains of starch dyed to act as primary-colour filters and black dust that blocked all unfiltered light) coated with a ...
(from the article "Cecrops") ...as arbiter during the dispute between the deities Athena and Poseidon for the possession of Attica (the west pediment of the Parthenon shows the two gods in conflict for the honour). As one of the autochthons of Attica-i.e., literally sprung from its soil-Cecrops was represented as human in the upper ...
vessel, usually of steel, able to withstand high temperatures and pressures. The chemical industry uses various types of autoclaves in manufacturing dyes and in other chemical reactions requiring high pressures. In bacteriology and medicine, instruments are sterilized by being placed in water in an autoclave and heating the water above ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "computer") Then, in September 1952, Alick Glennie, a student at the University of Manchester, England, created the first of several programs called Autocode for the Manchester Mark I. Autocode was the first compiler actually to be implemented. (The language that it compiled was called by the same name.) Glennie's compiler had ...
(from the article "cell") Chemical signals secreted by cells can act over varying distances. In the autocrine signaling process, molecules act on the same cells that produce them. In paracrine signaling, they act on nearby cells. Autocrine signals include extracellular matrix molecules and various factors that stimulate cell growth. An example of paracrine signals ...
(from the article "Monza") Monza is a busy industrial centre manufacturing felt hats and carpets, textiles, machinery, furniture, glass, paint, and plastics. It is the site of the famous Autodromo (automobile-racing track), which, because of its elliptical shape and concrete banked curves, is claimed to be the fastest in the world. Pop. (2006 est.) ...
