(from the article "Physical Sciences") ...25, 2004. The two satellites carried identical instruments made by Chinese and European scientists to measure the density, speed, mass, and electrical charge of plasmas and neutral gases in space. Aura, the latest in the NASA series of Earth observation satellites, was launched July 15 into polar orbit. Aura carried ...
town, west-central Maharashtra state, western India, on the Kaum River. Originally known as Khadki, it was founded by Malik Ambar in 1610. Its name was changed by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, who built the Bibika Makbara tomb, an imitation of the Taj Mahal, near the town. Aurangabad remained the headquarters ... [2 Related Articles]
last of the great Mughal emperors of India (reigned 1658-1707). Under him the Mughal Empire reached its greatest extent, although his policies helped lead to its dissolution. [20 Related Articles]
(from the article "Denver") The site served as an early stopping place for Arapaho Indians, fur trappers, and traders. With the discovery of gold in June 1858, the rival towns of Auraria and St. Charles were founded on opposite sides of Cherry Creek. The claim of St. Charles was soon jumped by William Larimer, ...
town, Morbihan departement, Bretagne (Brittany) region, northwestern France, on the Auray Estuary. It is situated 7.5 miles (12 km) from the Atlantic, southwest of Rennes. Its chateau (demolished 1558) was a residence of the dukes of Brittany. Outside its walls in 1364 the War ...
(from the article "Charles") ...hold Brittany, under vassalage to Edward. On July 12, 1363, Charles finally agreed on a partition of Brittany with Duke John IV of Brittany but was persuaded by his wife to break the treaty. At the Battle of Auray (Sept. 29, 1364), Charles was killed and his army defeated.effect on ...
(from the article "horsemanship") ...in the middle of the saddle, exerted considerable influence in Europe and America during the 18th and 19th centuries and are still used in modern dressage. The head riding master at Saumur, Comte Antoine d'Aure, however, promoted a bold, relaxed, and more natural, if less "correct," style of riding across ...
a writing style that is affected, pompous, and heavily ornamental, that uses rhetorical flourishes excessively, and that often employs interlarded foreign words and phrases. The style is usually associated with the 15th-century French, English, and Scottish writers. The word is from the Middle English aureat, "golden" or "splendid," and was ...
(from the article "Roman road system") ...The long branch running through Calabria to the Straits of Messina was known as the Via Popilia. By the beginning of the 2nd century BC, four other great roads radiated outward from Rome: the Via Aurelia, extending northwest to Genua (Genoa); the Via Flaminia, running north to the Adriatic, where ...
Roman emperor from 270 to 275. By reuniting the empire, which had virtually disintegrated under the pressure of invasions and internal revolts, he earned his self-adopted title restitutor orbis ("restorer of the world"). [6 Related Articles]
rampart of imperial Rome, first constructed in the second half of the 3rd century AD. It was begun by the emperor Aurelian, completed by his successor Probus, improved under the emperor Honorius in the early 5th century, and restored by Theodoric the Great in the 6th century and by several ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Augustine, Saint") ...305-337) and was reviled as schismatic; it was branded with the name of Donatism after Donatus, one of its early leaders. Augustine and his chief colleague in the official church, Bishop Aurelius of Carthage, fought a canny and relentless campaign against it with their books, with their recruitment of support ...
(from the article "ancient Rome") ...obtained many of its most celebrated structures: the Colosseum, Palatine palaces, Trajan's Forum, the Pantheon, the Castel Sant' Angelo (Hadrian's mausoleum), the Temple of Antoninus and Faustina, Aurelius' Column, as well as the aqueducts whose arches spanned across Campagna to keep the city and its innumerable fountains supplied with water.
(from the article "Steuben Glass Company") ...Glass Works in 1918 but continued to be directed by Carder until 1933. The company became known for fancy coloured glassware, particularly a type with an iridescent, translucent finish called Aurene. Another specialty was Intarsia glass, crystal glassware with soft, overlapping colour inlays. In the 1930s the firm began making ...
brightly illuminated area surrounding an atmospheric light source, such as the Sun, when the light is propagated through a medium containing many sizes of particles or droplets that are large compared to the wavelength of the light. Because the wavelength of visible light is about 0.00005 cm (0.5 micrometre), particles ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "ancient Rome") ...philosopher Plotinus. These initiatives increased the number of his enemies, particularly among the patriotic senators and the Pannonian generals. While Gallienus was in Milan besieging the usurper Aureolus, he was killed by his chiefs of staff, who proclaimed Claudius II (268), the first of the Illyrian emperors. The new emperor ...
mountains, part of the Saharan Atlas in northeastern Algeria, northern Africa, fronted by rugged cliffs in the north and opening out in the south into the two parallel fertile valleys of the wadies Abiod and 'Abdi, facing the Sahara. The highest peaks, which are snowcapped during winter, include Mount Chelia ... [4 Related Articles]
basic gold monetary unit of ancient Rome and the Roman world. It was first named nummus aureus ("gold money"), or denarius aureus, and was equal to 25 silver denarii; a denarius equaled 10 bronze asses. (In 89 BC, the sestertius, equal to one-quarter of a denarius, replaced the bronze ass ... [3 Related Articles]
in Norse mythology, the first being, a giant who was created from the drops of water that formed when the ice of Niflheim met the heat of Muspelheim. Aurgelmir was the father of all the giants; a male and a female grew under his arm, and his legs produced a ... [3 Related Articles]
French composer best known for his film scores and ballets. In these and other works, he was among those who reacted against the chromatic harmonic language and Symbolist structures of Claude Debussy. [1 Related Articles]
a mineral composed of the hydroxide carbonate of zinc and copper (Zn, Cu)5(OH)6(CO3)2. It is commonly found with malachite in the oxidized zone of zinc and copper deposits as at Tomsk, Siberia; Santander, Spain; and Bisbee, Ariz., U.S. Its pale blue-green featherlike form distinguishes it from malachite; and, because it ...
in human anatomy, the visible portion of the external ear, and the point of difference between the human ear and that of other mammals. The auricle in humans is almost rudimentary and generally immobile and lies close to the side of the head. It is composed of a thin plate ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "atrium") In humans the atria are the two upper chambers of the heart. Each is roughly cube-shaped except for an ear-shaped projection called an auricle. (The term auricle has also been applied, incorrectly, to the entire atrium.) The right atrium receives from the veins blood low in oxygen and high in ...
a 17th-century ornamental style based on parts of the human anatomy. It was invented in the early 17th century by Dutch silversmiths and brothers Paulus and Adam van Vianen. Paulus was inspired by anatomy lectures he attended in Prague, and both he and Adam became known for the style. The ...
(from the article "fungus") ...often slimy; includes stinkhorns; included in subclass Phallomycetidae; example genera include Phallus, Clathrus, and Claustula. Saprobic; basidia may be divided longitudinally; gelatinous fruiting body may...
(from the article "nervous system, human") ...serves (1) the meninges and parts of the anterior cranial fossae (meningeal branches), (2) the temporomandibular joint, skin over part of the ear, and skin over the sides of the head above the ears (auriculotemporal nerve), (3) oral mucosa, the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, gingiva adjacent to the tongue, ...
(from the article "art criticism") ...Paul Gauguin and Vincent van Gogh-who built upon the colour and brushstroke developments of the Impressionists-had better critical luck, largely in the person of the great French critic Albert Aurier. He wrote the first article ever on van Gogh (1890)-a very positive and perceptive interpretation. In a still telling, definitive ...
toolmaking industry and artistic tradition of Upper Paleolithic Europe that followed the Mousterian industry, was contemporary with the Perigordian, and was succeeded by the Solutrean. The Aurignacian culture was marked by a great diversification and specialization of tools, including the invention of the burin, or engraving tool, that made much ... [8 Related Articles]
capital of Cantal departement, Auvergne region, south-central France. It lies along the Jourdanne River at an elevation of 2,040 feet (622 m) above sea level, southwest of Clermont-Ferrand. Gerbert, the first French pope (known as Sylvester II), was born in the town and was educated at the nearby Saint-Geraud abbey ...
French pilot (b. Nov. 5, 1917, Challans, France-d. Feb. 12, 2000, Paris, France), overcame a near-fatal 1949 crash, numerous operations to repair her shattered face, and the reservations of her powerful father-in-law, French Pres. Vincent Auriol, to become one of France's most successful test pilots in the 1950s. Between 1951 ...
(from the article "Hinduism") Another modern teacher whose doctrines had some influence outside India was Shri Aurobindo. He began his career as a revolutionary but later withdrew from politics and settled in Pondicherry, then a French possession. There he established an ashram and achieved a high reputation as a sage. His ...
(species Bos primigenius), extinct wild ox of Europe, family Bovidae (order Artiodactyla), from which cattle are probably descended. The aurochs survived in central Poland until 1627. The aurochs was black, stood 1.8 m (6 feet) high at the shoulder, and had spreading, forward-curving horns. Some German breeders claim that since ...
city, Adams, Arapahoe, and Douglas counties, north-central Colorado, U.S. An eastern suburb of Denver, Aurora was the third most populous city in Colorado at the start of the 21st century and, occupying 280 square miles (725 square km), the state's largest city in area. Founded during the silver boom of ...
city, Kane and DuPage counties, northeastern Illinois, U.S. It lies on the Fox River, about 40 miles (65 km) west of Chicago. Founded in 1834 by settlers from New York, it was originally known as McCarty's Mills. A trading point and mill site near a Potawatomi Indian village, the town ...
luminous phenomenon of Earth's upper atmosphere that occurs primarily in high latitudes of both hemispheres; auroras in the Northern Hemisphere are called aurora borealis, or northern lights; in the Southern Hemisphere, aurora australis, or southern lights. [13 Related Articles]
(from the article "geomagnetic field") The auroral electrojets are two broad sheets of electric current that flow from noon toward midnight in the northern and southern auroral ovals. The dawn-side current flows westward, creating a decrease in the magnetic field on the surface. The dusk-side current flows eastward and produces an increase in the magnetic ...
(from the article "geomagnetic field") ...rings the ionosphere is constantly bombarded by particles that ionize the atmosphere and generate auroras. Because auroras are almost always present in these ovals, they are usually referred to as auroral ovals.geomagnetic fieldMagnetic reconnectionThe topology of magnetic field lines produced ...
(from the article "antimonide") ...in various deposits associated with platinum, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite. It has been found in the Bushveld Complex, S.Af., at Kambalda, W.Aus., and at Norilsk, Russia. Other antimonides include aurostibite (AuSb2) and breithauptite (NiSb).
Basque folk dance of courtship, in which the men perform spirited acrobatic displays for their partners; it is one of the most elaborate European folk dances of this type. It begins as a chain dance for men, in which the leader and last man break off, dance competitively, and rejoin ...
(from the article "ancient Rome") ...program that quickly depleted the fortune left him by his father. He forced the senators to pay heavy contributions, doubled the inheritance and emancipation taxes, and often required the aurum coronarium (a contribution in gold), thereby ruining the urban middle classes. To counter the effects of a general upward drift ...
ancient tribe of Campania, in Italy. They were exterminated by the Romans in 314 BC as the culmination of 50 years of Roman military campaigns against them. The Aurunci occupied a strip of coast situated between the Volturnus and Liris (Volturno and Liri) rivers in what is now the province ...
French writer and translator who was a respected member of the literary establishment but gained her greatest fame in 1994 when it was confirmed that she was the author, under the pseudonym Pauline Reage, of the sensational erotic best-seller Histoire d'O, published in 1954 and later translated into at least ...
(from the article "Guatemala, flag of") ...a quiver with arrows. The flag on which this emblem appeared had horizontal stripes of blue-white-blue, based on the national flag of Argentina, which had been introduced into the area by Captain Luis Aury, a privateer sent by the Argentines to stir up rebellion in other Spanish colonies. Subsequently other ...
(from the article "mysticism") ...to overtake the craze for psychedelic drugs and pharmacological aids to visionary experience-practices that are by no means new. A yogic writer, Patanjali, speaks of the use of ausadhi (a medicinal herb) as a means to yogic experience, and the Vedas (Hindu scriptures) and Tantras (Hindu occultic writings) refer to ...
Nazi Germany's largest concentration camp and extermination camp. Located near the industrial town of Oswiecim in southern Poland, Auschwitz was actually three camps in one: a prison camp, an extermination camp, and a slave-labour camp. As the most lethal of the Nazi extermination camps, Auschwitz has become the emblematic site ... [8 Related Articles]
diagnostic procedure in which the physician listens to sounds within the body to detect certain defects or conditions, such as heart-valve malfunctions or pregnancy. Auscultation originally was performed by placing the ear directly on the chest or abdomen, but it has been practiced mainly with a stethoscope since the invention ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "dance, Western") ...dancer Isadora Duncan to strike in another way at the artificialities that Romantic ballet had generated. It took vigorous roots in Germany, where its expressionistic forms earned it the name Ausdruckstanz ("expressionistic dance"). The ballroom dances were thoroughly revolutionized through infusions of new vitality from South American, Creole, and black ...
(from the article "Buhler, Karl") ...read a passage from Nietzsche or by asking them questions and timing their answers, then asking them to describe the experience. He called this experimental technique the Ausfragemethode-"inquiry method." After serving in the German Army during World War I, Buhler was named professor of psychiatry at the ...
