(from the article "coin") ...Italy and Sicily had fallen to German power, Frederick II (1212-50) restored a Latin coinage of gold, of splendid style and execution and good fineness, in proto-Renaissance style. His gold augustale (patterned after the aureus) and their halves, struck about 1231 at Brindisi and Messina, were accompanied by billon deniers. ...
(from the article "Steele, Sir Richard") ...inspired a lifelong detestation of dueling), partly because of sincere feelings of disgust at the "irregularity" of army life and his own dissipated existence, he published in 1701 a moralistic tract, "The Christian Hero," of which 10 editions were sold in his lifetime. This tract led to Steele's being accused ...
one of the most illustrious periods in Latin literary history, from approximately 43 BC to AD 18; together with the preceding Ciceronian period (q.v.), it forms the Golden Age (q.v.) of Latin literature. Marked by civil peace and prosperity, the age reached its highest literary expression in poetry, a polished ... [6 Related Articles]
(from the article "Western sculpture") The hallmark of portraits of Augustus is a naturalistic classicism. The rendering of his features and the forking of his hair above the brow is individual. But the Emperor is consistently idealized and never shown as elderly or aging. A marble statue from Livia's Villa at Prima Porta (in the ...
a collection of biographies of the Roman emperors (Augusti) from Hadrian to Numerian (117-284), an important source for the history of the Roman Empire. [1 Related Articles]
private, coeducational liberal arts college located along the Mississippi River in Rock Island, northwestern Illinois, U.S. The college is affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. Lutheran immigrants from Sweden, most of them graduates of Uppsala and Lund universities, founded the college in 1860. It was originally sited in ... [1 Related Articles]
church organized in the United States by Norwegian and Swedish immigrants in 1860 in Jefferson Prairie, Wisconsin, as the Scandinavian Augustana Evangelical Lutheran Synod. Tufve Nilsson Hasselquist, an ordained minister in the Church of Sweden, was the first president. It took its name from Confessio Augustana, the Latin name for ...
(from the article "clown") ...clown, affectionately called "Joey," specialized in the classic physical tricks, tumbling, pratfalls, and slapstick beatings. In the 1860s a low-comedy buffoon appeared under the name of Auguste, who had a big nose, baggy clothes, large shoes, and untidy manners. He worked with a whiteface clown and always spoiled the latter's ...
(from the article "metalwork") In France, Robert Auguste created pieces of great refinement in the Neoclassical style, which was copied in Turin and in Rome, for example, by L. Valadier. A notable workshop was founded in Madrid in 1778 by D. Antonio Martinez, who favoured severely classical designs. In both the northern and southern ...
(from the article "Alaskan mountains") ...Aleutian Range erupted, forming the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, in what is now Katmai National Park and Preserve. Mount Spurr erupted in 1954 and remains active, as do Mounts Redoubt (1968) and Augustine (1976).
feast day August 28, bishop of Hippo from 396 to 430, one of the Latin Fathers of the Church, one of the Doctors of the Church, and perhaps the most significant Christian thinker after St. Paul. Augustine's adaptation of classical thought to Christian teaching created a theological system of great ... [86 Related Articles]
in the Roman Catholic Church, member of any of the religious orders and congregations of men and women whose constitutions are based on the Rule of St. Augustine, instructions on the religious life written by Augustine, the great Western theologian, and widely disseminated after his death, AD 430. More specifically, ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Augustinian") ...Augustine, the great Western theologian, and widely disseminated after his death, AD 430. More specifically, the name is used to designate members of two main branches of Augustinians, namely, the Augustinian Canons and the Augustinian Hermits, with their female offshoots.place in Renaissance mysticism
(from the article "Augustinian") ...theologian, and widely disseminated after his death, AD 430. More specifically, the name is used to designate members of two main branches of Augustinians, namely, the Augustinian Canons and the Augustinian Hermits, with their female offshoots.
(from the article "Augustinian") An offshoot of the Augustinian Hermits are the Augustinian Recollects (O.A.R.), formed in the 16th century by friars who desired a rule of stricter observance and a return to the eremetic ideals of solitude and contemplation. In 1588 the monastery at Talavera de la Reina in Spain was designated for ...
(from the article "Alzon, Emmanuel d'") ...He was named canon and vicar-general of Nimes and retained this position until his death. In 1843 he acquired Assumption College in Nimes, where he founded (1845) the congregation of the Augustinians of the Assumption, dedicated to education and to missionary work; it received papal approval in 1864. To help ...
elector of Saxony and leader of Protestant Germany who, by reconciling his fellow Lutherans with the Roman Catholic Habsburg Holy Roman emperors, helped bring the initial belligerency of the Reformation in Germany to an end. Under his administration Saxony enjoyed economic and commercial prosperity at a time when commerce in ... [2 Related Articles]
first Roman emperor, following the republic, which had been finally destroyed by the dictatorship of Julius Caesar, his great-uncle and adoptive father. His autocratic regime is known as the principate because he was the princeps, the first citizen, at the head of that array of outwardly revived ... [77 Related Articles]
king of Poland and elector of Saxony (as Frederick Augustus I). Though he regained Poland's former provinces of Podolia and the Ukraine, his reign marked the beginning of Poland's decline as a European power. [13 Related Articles]
king of Poland and elector of Saxony (as Frederick Augustus II), whose reign witnessed one of the greatest periods of disorder within Poland. More interested in ease and pleasure than in affairs of state, this notable patron of the arts left the administration of Saxony and Poland to his chief ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "Bruhl") ...(state), northwestern Germany. It lies near the left bank of the Rhine River, south of Cologne. It was a stronghold of the electors of Cologne from 1285 onward, and its Baroque Augustusburg Castle (1725), with extensive gardens and a famous staircase by Balthasar Neumann, was their summer residence. Within Augustusburg's ...
in general, any of the 22 species (21 living) of diving birds of the family Alcidae (order Charadriiformes), but especially three species, the great auk (q.v.; Pinguinus impennis), extinct since 1844; the little auk, or dovekie (q.v.; Plautus alle); and the razorbill, or razor-billed auk (q.v.; Alca torda). [4 Related Articles]
any of six species of small seabirds of the family Alcidae (order Charadriiformes). They breed primarily in the Bering Sea and the North Pacific; some winter as far south as Japan and Mexico. Auklets in breeding plumage differ from the related murrelets in having plumes and other head ornaments, including ...
(from the article "Baltic states") ...The Jotvingians and Galindians inhabited an area to the south stretching from present-day Poland east into Belarus. The settlements of the ancestors of the Lithuanians-the Samogitians and the Aukstaiciai-covered most of present-day Lithuania, stretching into Belarus. Five more subdivisions formed the basis for the modern Latvians. Westernmost of these were ...
(from the article "gastropod") ...often arboreal snails of Melanesia and Neotropica (Bulimulidae); long, cylindrical snails of West Indies and Central America (Urocoptidae).A group of 3 superfamilies.A problematic group including amber snails (Succineidae),...Limacacea
one of the leading historians of the French Revolution, noted for the application of the rules of historical criticism to the revolutionary period. His writings dispelled many of the myths surrounding the Revolution.
American professional bowler. Aulby was one of the best bowlers during the 1980s and '90s, and he was the second person to earn more than $2 million in prize money from bowling.
(from the article "tubesnout") ...the Pacific Ocean. The largest tubesnout, Aulorhynchus flavidus, is found, though rarely, along the North American coast and reaches a length of about 18 cm (7 inches). The other species, Aulichthys japonicus, occurs in the western Pacific.
(from the article "Nymphenburg porcelain") Bustelli was succeeded as Modellmeister by Dominikus Auliczek, who introduced the Neoclassical style at Nymphenburg; his most interesting works are models of animals and hunting groups. In 1797 Auliczek was succeeded by Johann Peter Melchior, another exponent of Neoclassicism, who had worked at the Hochst and Frankenthal factories before joining ...
ancient Greek town in Boeotia, separated from Chalcis (on the island of Euboea) three miles to the north by the Euboean Channel. Aulis was traditionally held to be the port from which the Greek fleet set off to the siege of Troy and the scene of the related sacrifice of ...
city, southern Kazakhstan. It lies at the junction of the Talas River and the Turk-Sib Railway. Auliye-Ata is one of the oldest towns of Kazakhstan. It stands on the site of the ancient city of Taraz, which flourished as a stop along the Silk Road until it was destroyed by ...
(from the article "cephalopod") ...in modern forms is due to the progressive overgrowth of it by the mantle, probably accompanying the evolution of an active swimming life. The first evidence of the modification of the shell is in Aulococeras in the Triassic period (245 to 208 million years ago). The belemnites, with their modified, ...
(from the article "Joan of Arc, Saint") Joan returned to Chinon. At Tours, during April, the Dauphin provided her with a military household of several men; Jean d'Aulon became her squire, and she was joined by her brothers Jean and Pierre. She had her standard painted with an image of Christ in Judgment and a banner made ...
(from the article "tubesnout") ...Gasterosteidae. Tubesnouts derive their name from their extended snouts. Both species are marine and are restricted to northern coastal regions of the Pacific Ocean. The largest tubesnout, Aulorhynchus flavidus, is found, though rarely, along the North American coast and reaches a length of about 18 cm (7 inches). The other ...
in ancient Greek music, a single- or double-reed pipe played in pairs (auloi) during the Classical period. After the Classical period, it was played singly. Under a variety of names it was the principal wind instrument of most ancient Middle Eastern peoples and lasted in Europe up ... [3 Related Articles]
Japanese Buddhist sect founded in 1987 by Matsumoto Chizuo, known to his followers as Master Asahara Shoko. AUM came to public attention in 1995 when 12 people died and thousands were injured following the release of nerve gas into a Tokyo subway by several of the group's top leaders. This ... [5 Related Articles]
Israeli mathematician, who shared the 2005 Nobel Prize for Economics with Thomas C. Schelling. Aumann's primary contribution to economics involved the analysis of repeated noncooperative encounters, a subject in the mathematical discipline of game theory. The cowinners were cited "for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Richard II") ...Edmund of Langley, duke of York, serves as regent while the king is fighting in Ireland. York, however, recognizes that change is inevitable and swears allegiance to Bolingbroke. York's son, the Duke of Aumerle, remains loyal to Richard despite his father's change of allegiance.
French actor (b. Jan. 5, 1911, Paris, France-d. Jan. 30, 2001, St. Tropez, France), employed his suave good looks and Gallic charm in more than 60 French and American motion pictures during a 70-year stage and screen career. Although Aumont was often cast in B-grade movies, his films included Marcel ...
(from the article "New France") ...and industry. He also pressed the exploration of the far west. Louis Jolliet explored the Mississippi until he was sure it flowed into the Gulf of Mexico, not into the Pacific Ocean. In 1671 Simon Francois d'Aumont (or Daumont, sieur de St. Lusson) at Sault Ste. Marie took possession of ...
Burmese nationalist leader and assassinated hero who was instrumental in securing Burma's independence from Great Britain. Before World War II Aung San was actively anti-British; he then allied with the Japanese during World War II, but switched to the Allies before leading the Burmese drive for autonomy. [4 Related Articles]
Myanmar opposition leader, daughter of Aung San (a martyred national hero of independent Burma) and Khin Kyi (a prominent Burmese diplomat), and winner in 1991 of the Nobel Prize for Peace. [5 Related Articles]
ancient province (pays) of western France, corresponding to the northern part of the modern departement of Charente-Maritime with the southern part of Deux-Sevres. Subjected, from the 10th century on, to the counts of Poitiers, Aunis shared the political fortunes of neighbouring Poitou. In the pre-Revolutionary period it constituted, together with ...
volcanic island off the east coast of Tutuila, American Samoa, in the south-central Pacific Ocean. The island has a land area of about 0.6 square mile (1.6 square km) and rises to 275 feet (84 metres). Pop. (2000) 1,768.
(from the article "Nossob River") ...Africa and bisects the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park that sits astride the border of these two countries. At the southern extremity of the park, the Nossob is joined by the intermittently flowing Auob River, which rises to the southwest of the Nossob in central Namibia and roughly parallels its course. ...
(from the article "Baudelaire, Charles") ...her when "I was forever alive in you; you were solely and completely mine." This "verdant paradise of childhood loves" abruptly ended in November 1828 when Caroline married Jacques Aupick, a career soldier who rose to the rank of general and who later served as French ambassador to the Ottoman ...
(from the article "epilepsy") ...the brain. Partial seizures consist of abnormal sensations or movements, and a lapse of consciousness may occur. Epileptic individuals with partial seizures may experience unusual sensations called auras that precede the onset of a seizure. Auras may include unpleasant odours or tastes, the sensation that unfamiliar surroundings seem familiar (deja ...
