| | - Atkinson, Vanessa
- (from the article "Squash") ...might finally become an Olympic event. A decision was expected in July 2005. The other major news in 2004 was the crowning of two new champions in December. In Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 28-year-old Vanessa Atkinson of The Netherlands reached her first World Open final, beating world number one Rachael Grinham ...
- Atl, Doctor
- painter and writer who was one of the pioneers of the Mexican movement for artistic nationalism. [2 Related Articles]
- Atlanta
- city, capital (1868) of Georgia, U.S., and seat (1853) of Fulton county (but also partly in DeKalb county), in the northwestern part of the state. It lies in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains, just southeast of the Chattahoochee River. Atlanta is Georgia's largest city and the principal trade ... [5 Related Articles]
- Atlanta Ballet
- (from the article "Alexander, Dorothy") American ballet dancer and choreographer, founder of the Atlanta Ballet, and pioneer of the regional ballet movement.
- Atlanta Braves
- American professional baseball team based in Atlanta. The team is the only existing major league franchise to have played every season since professional baseball came into existence. They have won three World Series titles (1914, 1957, 1995) and 17 National League (NL) pennants. [8 Related Articles]
- Atlanta Campaign
- in the American Civil War, an important series of battles in Georgia (May-September 1864) that eventually cut off a main Confederate supply centre and influenced the Federal presidential election of 1864. By the end of 1863, with Chattanooga, Tennessee, and Vicksburg, Mississippi, firmly under the control of the North, Atlanta, ... [4 Related Articles]
- Atlanta Compromise
- classic statement on race relations, articulated by Booker T. Washington, a leading black educator in the United States in the late 19th century. In a speech at the Cotton States and International Exposition in Atlanta, Georgia, on September 18, 1895, Washington asserted that vocational education, which gave blacks an opportunity ... [3 Related Articles]
- Atlanta Hawks
- American professional basketball team based in Atlanta. The Hawks were one of the original franchises of the National Basketball Association (NBA) when the league was established in 1949. The team won its only NBA championship in 1958. [1 Related Articles]
- Atlanta Journal-Constitution, The
- morning daily newspaper published in Atlanta, Ga., and based largely on the former Atlanta Constitution following its merger with the Atlanta Journal in 2001. The Constitution had been counted among the great newspapers of the United States, and it came to ... [2 Related Articles]
- Atlanta Olympic Games
- (from the article "Olympic Games") Selected over Athens, Greece, to host the Centennial Summer Games, Atlanta staged one of the most extravagant Games in Olympic history. With a five-hour opening ceremony and the creation of a "country fair" atmosphere complete with booths, amusement park rides, and concerts, the 1996 Olympics cost nearly $1.7 billion. For ...
- Atlanta Symphony Orchestra
- (from the article "Shaw, Robert") ...of the San Diego Symphony, Shaw turned increasingly to orchestral conducting, serving as associate conductor with the Cleveland Orchestra under George Szell (1956-67) and conductor of the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra (1967-88), where he also served as music director, expanding the orchestra's program to include ballet, oratorios, chamber music, educational concerts, ...
- Atlanta University School of Social Work
- (from the article "Frazier, E. Franklin") ...folk high schools and the Cooperative Movement in Denmark (1921-22). He taught sociology at Morehouse College, a historically black institution in Atlanta, Georgia, where he organized the Atlanta University School of Social Work, later becoming its director. With the controversy surrounding the publication (1927) of Frazier's "The Pathology of Race ...
- Atlanthropus mauritanicus
- (from the article "Ternifine") ...with the remains of other archaic humans, and resemblances to Peking man were observed. Initially the Ternifine group was considered sufficiently different to justify a new genus and species (Atlanthropus mauritanicus). However, later it was recognized that the fossils from Algeria and China, along with similar specimens from Java, could ...
- Atlantic
- county, southeastern New Jersey, U.S., bounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the Mullica River and Great Bay to the northeast, and the Tuckahoe River and Great Egg Harbor to the south. It constitutes a coastal lowland bisected by the Great Egg Harbor River, which runs through swampy ground. ...
- Atlantic and St. Lawrence Railroad
- (from the article "railroad") ...American practice began a fairly rapid rise to dominance that has remained to the present. The first transborder line was completed between Portland, Maine, and Montreal in 1852; it was known as the Atlantic and St. Lawrence Railroad in the three northern New England states and the St. Lawrence and ...
- Atlantic bonito
- (from the article "bonito") ...tail base, a forked tail, and a row of small finlets behind the dorsal and anal fins. Bonitos are of both commercial and sporting value. Four species are generally recognized: S. sarda of the Atlantic and Mediterranean, S. orientalis of the Indo-Pacific, S. chilensis of the eastern Pacific, and S. ...
- Atlantic Charter
- joint declaration issued on Aug. 14, 1941, during World War II, by the British prime minister, Winston Churchill, and Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt of the still non-belligerent United States, after four days of conferences aboard warships anchored at Placentia Bay, off the coast of Newfoundland. [8 Related Articles]
- Atlantic City
- resort city, Atlantic county, southeastern New Jersey, U.S., on the Atlantic Ocean. It lies on the low, narrow, sandy, 10-mile- (16-km) long Absecon Island, which is separated from the mainland by a narrow strait and several miles of meadows partly covered with water at high tide. The area was inhabited ... [3 Related Articles]
- Atlantic Climatic Interval
- (from the article "Europe") ...climatic phase (the Boreal), spruce, fir, pine, birch, and hazel nevertheless established themselves as far north as central Sweden and Finland. During the succeeding climatic optimum (the Atlantic phase), which was probably wetter and certainly somewhat warmer, mixed forests of oak, elm, common lime (linden), and elder spread northward. Only ...
- Atlantic Coast Conference
- American collegiate athletic organization formed in 1953 as an offshoot of the Southern Conference. Member schools are Boston College (joined 2005), Clemson University, Duke University, Florida State University (joined in 1990), the Georgia Institute of Technology (joined in 1979), the University of Maryland, the University of Miami (joined 2004), the ...
- Atlantic Coastal Plain
- (from the article "Tertiary Period") In North America, by contrast, extensive Tertiary sediments occur on the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains and extend around the margin of the Gulf of Mexico to the Yucatan Peninsula, a distance of more than 5,000 km (about 3,100 miles). Seaward these deposits can be traced from the Atlantic Coastal ...
- Atlantic Command
- (from the article "North Atlantic Treaty Organization") ...of staff of the member states, subsumes two major commands: the European Command, headed by the SACEUR and located at Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) in Casteau, Belgium; and the Atlantic Command, headed by the Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic (SACLANT) and headquartered in Norfolk, Virginia, U.S. A third major ...
- Atlantic Equatorial Countercurrent
- (from the article "equatorial countercurrent") ...the doldrums, where strong constant winds are absent, the higher western sea levels flow downslope to the east. The Pacific Equatorial Countercurrent is very strong and is definable year-round. The Atlantic Equatorial Countercurrent is strongest off the coast of Ghana (Africa), where it is known as the Guinea Current. The ...
- Atlantic Ferry, the
- (from the article "ship") At this point the contributions of Isambard Kingdom Brunel to sea transportation began. Brunel was the chief engineer of the Great Western Railway between Bristol and London, which was nearing completion in the late 1830s. A man who thrived on challenges, Brunel could see no reason his company should stop ...
- Atlantic Fleet
- (from the article "United States Navy, The") The U.S. Navy's four operating forces are the Pacific Fleet, which operates in the Pacific and Indian oceans; the Atlantic Fleet, which operates in the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea; the Naval Forces, Europe; and the Naval Forces, Central Command, which operates in the Middle East. In addition to ...
- Atlantic flying gurnard
- (from the article "flying gurnard") ...fish with very large pectoral fins, each of which is divided into a shorter forward portion and a much larger, winglike posterior section. These fins are quite colourful; those of the Atlantic Dactylopterus volitans (see photograph), for example, are brightly spotted with blue. Flying gurnards are further characterized by a ...
- Atlantic geoduck
- (from the article "clam") ...on the coast from Alaska to Baja California, burrows 60 to 90 cm into the mud of tidal flats. It is 15 to 20 cm in length, has a white, oblong shell, and may weigh as much as 3.6 kg (8 pounds). The Atlantic geoduck (P. bitruncata), similar to the ...
- Atlantic halibut
- (from the article "flatfish") Flatfishes vary considerably in size. Small species may reach a length of only about 10 cm (4 inches); the largest, the Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus), may reach a length and weight of about 2 metres (7 feet) and 325 kg (720 pounds). Many species, such as the halibuts and turbot, ...
- Atlantic herring
- (from the article "Fisheries") species of slab-sided, northern fish belonging to the family Clupeidae (order Clupeiformes). The name herring refers to either the Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus harengus) or the Pacific herring (C. harengus pallasii); although once considered separate species, they are now believed to be only subspecifically distinct. Herrings are small-headed, streamlined, beautifully...taxonomy ...
- Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway
- (from the article "Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway") shipping route paralleling the eastern coast of the United States, serving ports from Boston to Key West, Fla. It is part of the Intracoastal Waterway (q.v.).PHOTOGRAPHThe Intracoastal Waterway (right) at Fort Lauderdale, Florida.© Joe Viesti/Viesti Associates, Inc.
- Atlantic languages
- branch of the Niger-Congo language family spoken primarily in Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone, and Liberia. The approximately 45 Atlantic languages are spoken by about 30 million people. One language cluster, Fula (also called Fulani, Peul, Fulfulde, and Toucouleur), accounts for more than half of this number and ... [3 Related Articles]
- Atlantic languages
- (from the article "South American Indian languages") The typology proposed by Tadeusz Milewski, a Polish linguist, classifies American Indian languages into three types: (1) Atlantic, with few oral consonants but complex systems of nasal consonants, and oral and nasal vowels, of which the Ge languages would be typical; (2) Pacific, with complex systems of oral consonants (many ...
- Atlantic lowland
- (from the article "Colombia") ...river systems. From the shores of the Caribbean Sea inland to the lower spurs of the three major cordilleras extends a slightly undulating savanna surface of varying width, generally known as the Atlantic lowlands (also called the Caribbean coastal lowlands). Dotted with hills and with extensive tracts of seasonally flooded ...
- Atlantic lowlands
- (from the article "Brazil") The Atlantic lowlands, which comprise only a tiny part of Brazil's territory, range up to 125 miles (200 km) wide in the North but become narrower in the Northeast and disappear in parts of the Southeast. Nevertheless, their features are widely varied, including level floodplains, swamps, lagoons, sand dunes, and ...
- Atlantic manta
- (from the article "manta ray") The smallest of the manta rays, species Mobula diabolis of Australia, grows to no more than 60 cm (2 feet) across, but the Atlantic manta, or giant devil ray (Manta birostris; see illustration), largest of the family, may grow to more than 7 m (23 feet) wide. The Atlantic manta ...
- Atlantic menhaden
- (from the article "clupeiform") ...move to the surface waters; when they are about five to six millimetres long, they move toward the shore. They form schools when about 10 millimetres (0.4 inch) in size. In the riverine-spawning Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) the newly hatched pelagic larvae first drift downriver between fresh and brackish water ...
- Atlantic Monthly, The
- American monthly journal of literature and opinion, published in Boston. One of the oldest and most respected of American reviews, The Atlantic Monthly was founded in 1857 by Moses Dresser Phillips and Francis H. Underwood. It has long been noted for the quality of its fiction and ... [5 Related Articles]
- Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation
- (from the article "climate change") A similar oscillation, the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), occurs in the North Atlantic and strongly influences precipitation patterns in eastern and central North America. A warm-phase AMO (relatively warm North Atlantic SSTs) is associated with relatively high rainfall in Florida and low rainfall in much of the Ohio Valley. However, ...
- Atlantic North Equatorial Current
- (from the article "equatorial current") The Atlantic North Equatorial Current is pushed westward by the Northeast Trade Winds between latitude 10° and 20° N. Fed in part by the South Atlantic Equatorial, it turns north as the Antilles, Caribbean, and Florida currents, which eventually become the Gulf Stream. Some of the Gulf Stream's waters eventually ...
- Atlantic Ocean
- body of salt water covering approximately one-fifth of the Earth's surface and separating the continents of Europe and Africa to the east from those of North and South America to the west. The ocean's name, derived from Greek mythology, means the "Sea of Atlas." It is second in size only ... [22 Related Articles]
- Atlantic Records
- (from the article "Atlantic Records") Formed in 1947 by jazz fans Ahmet Ertegun, son of a Turkish diplomat, and Herb Abramson, formerly the artists-and-repertoire director for National Records, Atlantic became the most consistently successful New York City-based independent label of the 1950s, with an incomparable roster including Joe Turner, Ruth Brown, the Clovers, Ray Charles, ...
- Atlantic ribbed mussel
- (from the article "mussel") The capax horse mussel (Modiolus capax) has a bright orange-brown shell under a thick periostracum; its range in the Pacific Ocean extends from California to Peru. The Atlantic ribbed mussel (Modiolus demissus), which has a thin, strong, yellowish brown shell, occurs from Nova Scotia to the Gulf of Mexico. The ...
- Atlantic Richfield Company
- American petroleum corporation created in 1966 by the merger of Richfield Oil Corporation and Atlantic Refining Company. A further merger in 1969 brought in Sinclair Oil Corporation. Atlantic Richfield has petroleum operations in all parts of the United States as well as in Indonesia, the North Sea, and the South ... [2 Related Articles]
- Atlantic salmon
- (species Salmo salar), oceanic trout of the family Salmonidae, a highly prized game fish. It averages about 5.5 kg (12 pounds) and is marked with round or cross-shaped spots. Found on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, it enters streams in the fall to spawn. After spawning, adults are called ... [2 Related Articles]
- Atlantic slipper shell
- (from the article "slipper shell") ...or flattened shell has a decklike half partition inside. Slipper shells occur worldwide in shallow waters. Adults are fixed to rocks or live within the empty shells of other mollusks. The common Atlantic slipper shell (C. fornicata), often called slipper limpet, is about 4 cm (1.5 inches) long and yellowish; ...
- Atlantic South Equatorial Current
- (from the article "equatorial current") The Atlantic South Equatorial Current is pushed westward by the Southeast Trade Winds (latitude 0°-20° S). Approaching Cape St. Roque, Brazil, it divides. One stream goes north as the Guiana Current, which in turn feeds the Caribbean Current, the equatorial countercurrents, and the Guinea Current. The other, moving south as ...
- Atlantic spadefish
- (from the article "spadefish") The Atlantic spadefish (Chaetodipterus faber) is a western Atlantic species that ranges from New England to Brazil. It feeds primarily on marine invertebrates, particularly crustaceans and ctenophores (comb jellies).
- Atlantic tarpon
- (from the article "tarpon") The Atlantic tarpon (Tarpon atlanticus, alternate name Megalops atlanticus) is found inshore in warm parts of the Atlantic, on the Pacific side of Central America, and sometimes in rivers. Also called silver king, grand ecaille, and sabalo real, it habitually breaks water and gulps air. It regularly grows to 1.8 ...
- Atlantic torpedo
- (from the article "electric ray") ...used in defense, sensory location, and capturing prey. Electric shocks emitted reach 220 volts and are strong enough to fell a human adult. In ancient Greece and Rome, the shocks of the species Torpedo nobiliana were used as a treatment for gout, headache, and other maladies.
- Atlantic Wall
- (from the article "fortification") ...the engineer who had designed the West Wall, and thousands of impressed labourers to construct permanent fortifications along the Belgian and French coasts facing the English Channel; this was the Atlantic Wall. The line consisted primarily of pillboxes and gun emplacements embedded in cliffsides or placed on the waterfronts of ...
- Atlantic walrus
- (from the article "walrus") huge, seal-like mammal found in Arctic seas. There are two subspecies: the Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) and the Pacific walrus (O. rosmarus divergens). Male Pacific walrus are slightly larger, with longer tusks.
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