(from the article "social status") the relative rank that an individual holds, with attendant rights, duties, and lifestyle, in a social hierarchy based upon honour or prestige. Status may be ascribed-that is, assigned to individuals at birth without reference to any innate abilities-or achieved, requiring special qualities and gained through competition and individual effort. Ascribed ...
a saclike structure produced by fungi of the phylum Ascomycota (sac fungi) in which sexually produced spores (ascospores), usually four or eight in number, are formed. Asci may arise from the fungal mycelium (the filaments, or hyphae, constituting the organism) without a distinct fruiting structure, as in the leaf curl ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Spain") ...attempted to invade Italy, and the efforts to stop them allowed the Vandals, Alans, and Suebi (Suevi) to enter Gaul and then Spain. After ravaging the country for two years, the Suebi and the Asding Vandals settled in the northwestern province of Galicia (Gallaecia). The Siling Vandals occupied Baetica in ...
international organization established by the governments of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand in 1967 to accelerate economic growth, social progress, and cultural development and to promote peace and security in Southeast Asia. Brunei joined in 1984, followed by Vietnam in 1995, Laos and Myanmar in 1997, and Cambodia ... [31 Related Articles]
the first regionwide Asia-Pacific multilateral forum for official consultations on peace and security issues. An outgrowth of the annual ministerial-level meeting of members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the states serving as ASEAN's "dialogue partners," the ARF provides a setting for discussion and diplomacy and the ...
town, south-central Ethiopia. It lies west of Mount Chilalo on a high plateau overlooking Lake Ziway in the Great Rift Valley. The town is an important trading centre for the surrounding livestock and lumbering region. An all-weather road connects it with Nazret to the north. Pop. (1989 est.) 40,175.
(from the article "fungus") ...by trichospores; sexual reproduction zygomycetous; example genera include Harpella, Furculomyces, Legeriomyces, and Smittium.Endosymbiotic, found in the digestive tracts of arthropods; thallus branched, septate, attached by basal coenocytic cell; asexual reproduction by arthrospores;...
(from the article "annalist") ...Gellius, writing in the 2nd century AD, preserved in his Noctes Atticae ("Attic Nights") a further ancient distinction, which had arisen in the late 2nd century BC: Sempronius Asellio, influenced by the contemporary Greek historian Polybius, distinguished between annals, which recount the past in a straightforward narrative, and histories, which ...
(from the article "Bulgarian literature") The 13th-14th-century Middle Bulgarian, or Silver, age of the Asen and Shishman dynasties excelled in sheer graphic virtuosity (script, layout, illumination, binding) of its manuscripts, such as the Vatican Manasses Chronicle of 1345 and the London Tsar Ivan Aleksandur Gospel of 1356. In content, too, Byzantine influences and translations from ...
Turkish feminist writer (b. April 19, 1946, Istanbul, Turkey-d. July 30, 2006, Istanbul), fought for women's rights in her native Turkey, both as a journalist and through her novels, notably Kadinin adi yok (1987; "Woman Has No Name"), which director Atif Yilmaz made into a successful film of the same ...
(from the article "land reform") ...life. The Chilean reform was unique in its method of implementation. Once the plantation had been designated for expropriation and the prospective owners selected, they were organized into asentamientos, or settlement groups. The group elected a committee to take charge of settlement. The members cultivated the land as a team ...
(from the article "surgery") Asepsis, the freedom from contamination by pathogenic organisms, requires that all instruments and dry goods coming in contact with the surgical field be sterilized. This is accomplished by placing the materials in an autoclave, which subjects its contents to a period of steam under pressure. Chemical sterilization of some instruments ...
(from the article "joint disease") Because joint cartilages are without blood vessels, they are not destroyed by failures in the blood supply. Nevertheless, several joint diseases arise in association with aseptic necrosis-tissue death not caused by infection-of bone next to the joints. The precise nature of the failure of the blood supply is not always ...
(from the article "food preservation") The aseptic process involves placing a sterilized product into a sterilized package that is then sealed under sterile conditions. It began in 1914 with the development of sterile filters for use in the wine industry. However, because of unreliable machinery, it remained commercially unsuccessful until 1948 when William McKinley Martin ...
(from the article "algae") Algae regenerate by sexual reproduction, involving male and female gametes (sex cells), by asexual reproduction, or by both ways.animalsreproductive system, animalUnlike most other organ systems, the reproductive systems of higher animals have not generally become more complex than those of ...
(from the article "virus") ...and containing linear double-stranded DNA. Genera include iridovirus and chloriridovirus, which infect insects and contain the lymphocystis disease virus.Icosahedral, enveloped virions approximately 200-300 nm in diameter that contain linear double-stranded DNA. This family consists of one genus, asfivirus,...
in Norse mythology, the dwelling place of the gods, comparable to the Greek Mount Olympus. Legend divided Asgard into 12 or more realms, including Valhalla, the home of Odin and the abode of heroes slain in earthly battle; Thrudheim, the realm of Thor; and Breidablik, the home of Balder. [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "South Africa") ...had entered its "age of hope" as a result of a long period of uninterrupted economic growth and despite the increase in unemployment. During the year, the government put some flesh on ASGI-the accelerated and shared growth initiative, a series of measures focused on improving the national skills base to ...
(from the article "Iceland") ...102,928 sq km (39,741 sq mi) | Population (2006 est.): 302,000 | Capital: Reykjavik | Chief of state: President Olafur Ragnar Grimsson | Head of government: Prime Ministers Halldor Asgrimsson and, from June 15, Geir H. Haarde | BRITANNICA BOOK OF THE YEAR 2006Iceland
any tree of the genus Fraxinus of the olive family (Oleaceae). The genus includes about 70 species of trees and shrubs, mostly distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere, some of which are valuable for their timber and beauty. A few species extend into the tropical forests of Mexico and Java. The ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "coal utilization") Coal contains a variety of minerals in varying proportions that, when the coal is burned, are transformed into ash. The amount and nature of the ash and its behaviour at high temperatures affect the design and type of ash-handling system employed in coal-utilization plants. At high temperatures, coal ash becomes ...
(from the article "coal utilization") Coal contains a variety of minerals in varying proportions that, when the coal is burned, are transformed into ash. The amount and nature of the ash and its behaviour at high temperatures affect the design and type of ash-handling system employed in coal-utilization plants. At high temperatures, coal ash becomes ...
(from the article "volcano") Ash falls from continued explosive jetting of fine volcanic particles into high ash clouds generally do not cause any direct fatalities. However, where the ash accumulates more than a few centimetres, collapsing roofs and failure of crops are major secondary hazards. Crop failure can occur over large areas downwind from ...
(from the article "pyroclastic flow") ...ardentes deposit ash- to block-sized fragments that are denser than pumice. Pyroclastic surges are low-density flows that leave thin but extensive deposits with cross-bedded layering. Ash flows leave deposits known as tuff, which are made up mainly of ash-sized fragments. Nuee ardente deposits are confined mainly in ...
(from the article "Charlottesville") ...Monticello, the home designed (1770-1809) by Jefferson in the Palladian Neoclassical style; it contains the Jefferson family graves and has been restored and maintained as a national shrine. Ash Lawn (5 miles [8 km] southeast of Charlottesville), planned by Jefferson for James Monroe, served as Monroe's home from 1798 to ...
(from the article "cereal processing") ...grade and purity. Since the ash (mineral content) of the pure branny coverings of the wheat grain is much greater than that of the pure endosperm, considerable emphasis is placed on use of the ash test to determine grade. Bakers will generally pay higher prices for pure flour of low ...
in the Christian church, the first day of Lent, occurring 6 12 weeks before Easter (between February 4 and March 11, depending on the date of Easter). In the early Christian church, the length of the Lenten celebration varied, but eventually it began 6 weeks (42 days) before Easter. This ... [2 Related Articles]
Muslim Arab theologian noted for having integrated the rationalist methodology of the speculative theologians into the framework of orthodox Islam. In his Maqalat al-Islamiyin ("Theological Opinions of the Muslims"), compiled during his early period, al-Ash'ari brought together the varied opinions of scholars on Muslim theological questions. From about 912, he ... [5 Related Articles]
(from the article "Maturidiyah") The Maturidiyah differed also from the Ash'ariyah on the question of the "assurance of salvation." They held that a Muslim who sincerely performed his religious duties as prescribed by God in the Qur'an, and as explained and taught by his prophet, is assured of a place in heaven. The Ash'ariyah ...
(from the article "Nautilus") In 1886 Andrew Campbell and James Ash of England built a Nautilus submarine driven by electric motors powered by a storage battery; it augured the development of the submarine powered by internal-combustion engines on the surface and by electric-battery power when submerged.
American entrepreneur (b. May 12, 1918, Hot Wells, Texas-d. Nov. 22, 2001, Dallas, Texas), was the founder of cosmetics giant Mary Kay Inc. and one of the most famous businesswomen in the world. Ash had held relatively modest jobs in direct sales before establishing her own business in 1963. Mary ...
(from the article "pyroclastic flow") ...to block-sized fragments that are denser than pumice. Pyroclastic surges are low-density flows that leave thin but extensive deposits with cross-bedded layering. Ash flows leave deposits known as tuff, which are made up mainly of ash-sized fragments. Nuee ardente deposits are confined mainly in valleys, while ignimbrites ...
(from the article "providence") ...in the Persian religion of Zoroastrianism (also called Mazdaism and, in India, Parsiism) founded during the late 7th and early 6th centuries BC by Zoroaster (Zarathustra). This idea is called Asha and is the counterpart of Drug, which represents evil and deceit and the disorder connected with these. Asha is ...
(from the article "amesha spenta") Of the six, Asha Vahishta and Vohu Manah are by far the most important. Asha Vahishta (Avestan: Excellent Order, or Truth) is the lawful order of the cosmos according to which all things happen. He presides over fire, sacred to the Zoroastrians as the inner nature of reality. To the ...
(from the article "astrobleme") ...drill-core samples. The suddenness and intensity of the shattering cannot be produced by other natural means, so it provides a useful criterion for recognizing astroblemes. Using this evidence, the Ashanti Crater in Ghana and the Vredefort Ring structure in South Africa have been identified as probable astroblemes.
city, western Al-Isma'iliyah muhafazah (governorate), east of the Nile River delta, Lower Egypt. Construction of this industrial centre began in 1977 as part of the Egyptian government's program to shift population and industry away from Cairo and the cultivable lands of the Nile River valley.
(from the article "chronology") ...lists are compared, they all fit in easily. Only one of them, however, provides a close approximate date in Babylonian chronology. This synchronism shows that the two-year reign of the Assyrian king Ashared-apil-Ekur (c. 1076-c. 1075 BC) is entirely comprised within the 13-year reign of the Babylonian king Marduk-shapik-zeri. The ...
(from the article "Zoroaster") ...show the working of the deity, while at the same time constituting the order binding the adherents of the Wise Lord, then the world of Ahura Mazda and the world of his followers (the ashavan) come close to each other. The very significant eschatological aspect of Zoroastrianism is well demonstrated ...
town ("parish"), Derbyshire Dales district, administrative and historic county of Derbyshire, England. Ashbourne is a centre for the surrounding agricultural districts and for tourists visiting nearby Dovedale and the Manyfold Valley. Its buildings include the Church of St. Oswald, dating from 1241 and possessing an octagonal spire (212 feet [65 ...
American baseball player whose 15-year major league career included two National League batting championships, five All-Star honours, and membership in the 1950 pennant-winning Philadelphia Phillies' "Whiz Kids" lineup. Following his playing career, he was a broadcaster with the Phillies for 35 years, and he was voted into the Hall of ... [1 Related Articles]
town ("parish"), Teignbridge district, administrative and historic county of Devon, England, lying on the southeastern margin of Dartmoor. It was designated a stannary (tin-mining) town in 1285. The priest of the Chantry Chapel of St. Lawrence kept a "free scole," which survived as a grammar school from the late 16th ...
(from the article "Western Australia") The De Grey, Fortescue, and Ashburton rivers drain the area surrounding the Hamersley Range in the Pilbara region. Usually dry, these rivers become raging torrents during the cyclone season. To the east of the Pilbara flows the Rudall River, which drains inland to the saline (and usually dry) Lake Dora. ...
(from the article "Peel, Sir Robert, 2nd Baronet") ...to more constitutional methods of agitation. Abroad, a firm but conciliatory policy led to better relations with France. The boundary disputes with the United States were settled by the mission of Alexander Baring, 1st Baron Ashburton, in 1842 and the Oregon treaty of 1846. The same combination of firmness and ...
English jurist and politician who defended the radical John Wilkes against charges of seditious and obscene libel (1763-64) and who is also important as the author of a resolution in Parliament (April 6, 1780) condemning George III for his support of Lord North's government despite the unpopularity of its policies ...
(from the article "materials science") ...the weight to roughly that of an equivalent steel structure and thus defeat the purpose of the exercise. Fortunately, as was elegantly demonstrated in 1980 by two British materials scientists, Michael Ashby and David Jones, when proper account is taken of the way an actual door panel deflects, constrained as ...
