| | - art quilt
- (from the article "quilting") ...curated by Jonathan Holstein and Gail van der Hoof at the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York City, in which vintage quilts, many of them Amish-made, were displayed like modern art. "Art quilts" soon joined the quilter's vocabulary, typified by work from Michael James, Jan Myers-Newbury, Nancy Crow, ...
- art rock
- eclectic branch of rock music that emerged in the late 1960s and flourished in the early to mid-1970s. The term is sometimes used synonymously with progressive rock, but the latter is best used to describe "intellectual" album-oriented rock by such British bands as Genesis, King Crimson, Pink ... [7 Related Articles]
- Art Ross Trophy
- (from the article "Crosby, Sidney") Crosby's second season saw him break more records. For scoring 120 points in 79 games, he won the Art Ross Trophy, becoming its youngest recipient. He was the youngest player since Gretzky (in 1980) to register a six-point game, and he became the second-youngest player ever (again behind Gretzky) to ...
- art song
- (from the article "song") Art songs are intended for performance by professional, or at least carefully taught, singers, generally accompanied by piano or instrumental ensemble. The notes are written down, and notes and words are thereafter resistant to casual alteration. Popular songs stand midway between folk and art songs with regard to technical difficulty, ...
- art, academy of
- in the visual arts, institution established primarily for the instruction of artists but often endowed with other functions, most significantly that of providing a place of exhibition for students and mature artists accepted as members. In the late 15th and early 16th centuries, a series of short-lived "academies" that had ...
- art, African
- the visual arts of native Africa, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, including such media as sculpture, painting, pottery, rock art, textiles, masks, personal decoration, and jewelry. [8 Related Articles]
- Art, Antiques, and Collections
- In 2002 major exhibitions such as Documenta 11 reflected the diverse nature of contemporary art: artists from a variety of cultures received widespread recognition for work ranging from installation to video to painting. More traditional art remained in demand, as major auction houses set record prices for artists such as ... [9 Related Articles]
- art, philosophy of
- (from the article "Existentialism") ...The Rebel, 1953), Camus described the "metaphysical rebellion" as "the movement by which a man protests against his condition and against the whole of creation." In art, the analogues of Existentialism may be considered to be Surrealism, Expressionism, and in general those schools that view the work of art not ...
- Arta
- city and capital, nomos (department) of Arta, Ipiros (ancient Epirus) region, Greece. It is situated on the left bank of the Arakhthos River north of the Gulf of Arta. The modern city stands on the site of Ambracia, an ancient Corinthian colony and the capital (from 294 ... [2 Related Articles]
- Arta, Gulf of
- deep inlet on the western coast of Greece. Almost landlocked by the peninsulas of Preveza on the north and Aktion on the south, it has access to the sea through the narrow Prevezis Strait. The northern shore of the gulf is formed by the combined deltas of the Louros and ...
- Artabanus
- minister of the Achaemenid king Xerxes I of Persia, whom he murdered in 465. According to one Greek source, Artabanus had previously killed Xerxes' son Darius and feared that the father would avenge him; other sources relate that he killed Xerxes first and then, pretending that Darius had done so, ... [2 Related Articles]
- Artabanus I
- king of Parthia (reigned 211-191 BC) in southwestern Asia. In 209 he was attacked by the Seleucid king Antiochus III of Syria, who took Hecatompylos, the Arsacid capital (the present location of which is uncertain), and Syrinx in Hyrcania. Finally, however, Antiochus concluded a treaty with Artabanus, who after 206 ... [1 Related Articles]
- Artabanus II
- (from the article "Parthia") ...211 BC). By 200 BC Arsaces' successors were firmly established along the southern shore of the Caspian Sea. Later, through the conquests of Mithradates I (reigned 171-138 BC) and Artabanus II (reigned 128-124 BC), all of the Iranian Plateau and the Tigris-Euphrates valley came under Parthian control. The Parthians, however, ...
- Artabanus III
- king of Parthia (reigned c. AD 12-c. 38). [3 Related Articles]
- Artabanus IV
- (from the article "Iran, ancient") In 78 Pacorus II came to the throne, to be supplanted in 79 by the ephemeral Artabanus IV (80/81), who was then replaced permanently by Pacorus II. During his reign the country showed signs of a profound decomposition. The barons refused to obey the crown. In the provinces the army ...
- Artabanus V
- last king of the Parthian empire (reigned c. AD 213-224) in southwest Asia. [4 Related Articles]
- Artand
- (from the article "Louis IV") ...the Simple, was imprisoned in 923, his mother, Eadgifu, daughter of the Anglo-Saxon king Edward the Elder, took Louis to England. He was recalled to France in 936 and crowned on June 19 at Laon by Artand, archbishop of Reims, who became Louis's chief supporter against Hugh the Great. Louis ...
- Artapanus
- (from the article "Judaism") ...in Judaea; an indication of its apologetic nature may be seen from the fragment asserting that Moses taught the alphabet not only to the Jews but also to the Phoenicians and to the Greeks. Artapanus (c. 100 BCE), in his own book On the Jews, went even ...
- Artaphernes
- (from the article "Histiaeus") ...that he could quell the disturbances, Histiaeus was allowed to leave Susa. On his arrival at the Lydian coast, however, he found himself suspected of disloyalty by the satrap (provincial governor) Artaphernes and was ultimately driven to establish himself as a pirate at Byzantium. After the total defeat of the ...
- Artatama I
- (from the article "Anatolia") ...provinces. His task may have been complicated by a new situation that had arisen in the remnants of the Mitannian state. The Mitannian king, Tushratta, was assassinated, and his successor, King Artatama, unwilling to place any further reliance on Egypt, turned to Assyria for an alliance against the Hittites. Meanwhile, ...
- Artaud, Antonin
- French dramatist, poet, actor, and theoretician of the Surrealist movement who attempted to replace the "bourgeois" classical theatre with his "theatre of cruelty," a primitive ceremonial experience intended to liberate the human subconscious and reveal man to himself. [5 Related Articles]
- Artavasdes
- (from the article "Mithradates II") Mithradates recovered the eastern provinces that had been overrun by invading Saka nomads during his father's reign. In the west he conquered Mesopotamia and defeated the Armenian king Artavasdes, whose son Tigranes (later Tigranes II) became a Parthian hostage and was redeemed only for the cession of 70 valleys. One ...
- Artavasdes
- (from the article "Iran, ancient") ...that Ardashir's rise to power suffered several setbacks. Vologeses VI (or V) struck coins at Seleucia on the Tigris as late as AD 228/229 (the Seleucid year 539). Another Parthian prince, Artavasdes, a son of Artabanus V, known from coins on which he is portrayed with the distinguishing feature of ...
- Artavasdes II
- king of Armenia (reigned 53-34 BC), the son and successor of Tigranes II the Great.
- Artavasdos
- (from the article "Leo III") ...theme, or military-district army, in Asia Minor. As the result of a military revolt in 715, Anastasius was deposed, exiled to a monastery, and replaced by Theodosius III. Leo, in alliance with Artavasdos, the commander of the Armeniakon theme (the second largest in Asia Minor), refused to recognize the new ...
- Artaxata
- (from the article "Artaxias") ...southwest, respectively. They united their efforts to enlarge their domains at the expense of neighbouring areas and are considered the creators of historical Armenia. Artaxias built his capital, Artaxata, on the Araxes (now Aras, or Araks) River near Lake Sevan.
- Artaxerxes I
- Achaemenid king of Persia (reigned 465-425 BC). [7 Related Articles]
- Artaxerxes II
- Achaemenid king of Persia (reigned 404-359/358). [7 Related Articles]
- Artaxerxes III
- Achaemenid king of Persia (reigned 359/358-338 BC). [5 Related Articles]
- Artaxias
- one of the founders of the ancient kingdom of Armenia (reigned 190-159 BC). [2 Related Articles]
- arte mayor
- a Spanish verse form consisting of 8-syllable lines, later changed to 12-syllable lines, usually arranged in 8-line stanzas with a rhyme scheme of abbaacca. The form originated in the late 13th to the early 14th century and was used for most serious poetry in the 15th century. It fell out ...
- arte menor
- in Spanish poetry, a line of two to eight syllables and usually only one accent, most often on the penultimate syllable. Because of the general nature of the form, it has been used for many different types of poetry, from traditional verse narratives to popular songs. The term is a ...
- Arteaga, Rosalia
- first female president of Ecuador. Arteaga was one of three candidates who waged a legal battle for the Ecuadorian presidency in 1997.
- Artembares
- (from the article "Anatolia") ...the 4th century is illustrated by bilingual (Greek and Lycian) texts dating from that period. About 400 BC the Persian grip on the country seems to have been strengthened. Persian rulers, such as Artembares, governor of western Lycia, are named in inscriptions and on coins. There is evidence that this ...
- Artemia salina
- (from the article "brine shrimp") (genus Artemia), any of several small crustaceans of the order Anostraca (class Branchiopoda) inhabiting brine pools and other highly saline inland waters throughout the world. Artemia salina, the species that occurs in vast numbers in Great Salt Lake, Utah, is of commercial importance. Young brine shrimp hatched there from dried ...
- Artemidorus
- soothsayer whose Oneirocritica ("Interpretation of Dreams") affords valuable insight into ancient superstitions, myths, and religious rites. Mainly a compilation of the writings of earlier authors, the work's first three books consider dreams and divination generally; a reply to critics and an appendix make up the fourth book. He was reputed ...
- Artemidorus
- (fl. 100 BC, Ephesus, Lydia [now in Turkey]), Greek geographer whose systematic geography in 11 books was much used by the famed Greek geographer-historian Strabo (b. 64/63 BC). Artemidorus' work is based on his itineraries in the Mediterranean and on the records of others. The work is known only from ... [2 Related Articles]
- Artemis
- in Greek religion, the goddess of wild animals, the hunt, and vegetation, and of chastity and childbirth; she was identified by the Romans with Diana (q.v.). Artemis was the daughter of Zeus and Leto and the twin sister of Apollo. Among the rural populace, Artemis was the favourite goddess. Her ... [11 Related Articles]
- Artemis, Temple of
- at Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World. The great temple was built by Croesus, king of Lydia, in about 550 BC and was rebuilt after being burned by a madman named Herostratus in 356 BC. The Artemesium was famous not only for its great size (over 350 ... [5 Related Articles]
- Artemisa
- city, western Cuba, situated east of the Sierra del Rosario. Artemisa is a key commercial and processing centre of the region. Sugarcane, tobacco, and pineapples and other fruits are its major agricultural products. Liquor and soap are made in the city, and sugar refineries are nearby. Artemisa lies on the ...
- Artemisia
- (from the article "desert") Smaller shrubs include Artemisia and Ephedra in Central Asia and North America, Atriplex in both these regions and also Australia, and Larrea in North and South America. Artemisia includes many species in deserts in the Northern Hemisphere, especially in temperate deserts where they dominate the vegetation across very large areas; ...
- Artemisia annua
- (from the article "malaria") ...to other, newer drugs. Chief among these newer drugs are chloroquine, a combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine, mefloquine, primaquine, and artemisinin-the latter a derivative of Artemisia annua, a type of wormwood whose dried leaves have been used against malarial fevers since ancient times in China. All of these drugs destroy ...
- Artemisia I
- queen of Halicarnassus, a Greek city in Caria, and of the nearby island of Cos in about 480. [1 Related Articles]
- Artemisia II
- sister and wife of King Mausolus (reigned 377/376-353/352) of Caria, in southwestern Anatolia, and sole ruler for about three years after the king's death. She built for her husband, in his capital at Halicarnassus (modern Bodrum, Turkey), the tomb called the Mausoleum, which was considered one of the Seven Wonders ...
- Artemisia moxa
- (from the article "moxa treatment") The term derives from the name of the wormwood plant most frequently used, Artemisia moxa, or (Japanese) A. mogusa. Acupuncture and moxibustion are sometimes used in combination for the treatment of disease and for anesthesia.
- artemisinin
- (from the article "malaria") ...and in cases in which the parasites are resistant to other, newer drugs. Chief among these newer drugs are chloroquine, a combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine, mefloquine, primaquine, and artemisinin-the latter a derivative of Artemisia annua, a type of wormwood whose dried leaves have been used against malarial fevers since ...
- Artemisium, Battle of
- (480 BC), during the Greco-Persian Wars, a Persian naval victory over the Greeks in an engagement fought near Artemisium, a promontory on the north coast of Euboea. The Greek fleet held its own against the Persians in three days of fighting but withdrew southward when news came of the defeat ... [1 Related Articles]
- Artemivsk
- city, eastern Ukraine, on the Bakhmut River. The town originated in the 17th century as a fort protecting the Russian frontiers against the Crimean Tatars. Peter I (the Great) established a salt industry there in 1701, but seven years later the fort was destroyed in the Bulavin revolt. It officially ...
- arterial arch
- (from the article "circulation") Amphibian larvae and the adults of some species have gills. There are four arterial arches in salamanders (urodeles) and three in frogs (anurans). These are three through six of the original series, the fifth disappearing in adult frogs. There is no ventral aorta, and the arterial arches arise directly from ...
- arterial embolism
- (from the article "respiration, human") ...tissues of the chest (mediastinal emphysema), possibly extending into the pericardium or into the neck. More seriously, the escaped alveolar gas may be carried by the blood circulation to the brain (arterial gas embolism). This is a major cause of death among divers. Failure to exhale during ascent causes such ...
- arterial tree
- (from the article "human cardiovascular system") ...the body. The arteries, which receive this blood at high pressure and velocity and conduct it throughout the body, have thick walls that are composed of elastic fibrous tissue and muscle cells. The arterial tree-the branching system of arteries-terminates in short, narrow, muscular vessels called arterioles, from which blood enters ...
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