| | - Arnaud, Henri
- Savoyard pastor who led the Waldensian, or Vaudois, exiles on the glorieuse rentree, their historic journey from Switzerland back to their Piedmontese valleys (1689).
- Arnauld d'Andilly, Robert
- (from the article "Arnauld d'Andilly, Robert") brother and follower of the prominent Jansenist theologian Antoine Arnauld. See Arnauld family.association with Arnauld familyArnauld FamilyRobert Arnauld d'Andilly (1588-1674), the eldest surviving son, pursued a career in government service. In 1620, however, he made the acquaintance of the abbot ...
- Arnauld Family
- French family of the lesser nobility that came to Paris from Auvergne in the 16th century and is chiefly remembered for its close connection with Jansenism (a Roman Catholic movement that propounded heretical doctrines on the nature of free will and predestination) and with the Jansenist religious communities of Port-Royal ... [1 Related Articles]
- Arnauld, Antoine
- (from the article "Arnauld Family") The founder of the family, Antoine Arnauld (1560-1619), was born in Paris, the son of Antoine Arnauld, seigneur de la Mothe. Well known as an eloquent lawyer, he pleaded for the University of Paris against the Jesuits in 1594 and presented his case so forcefully that his speech on this ...
- Arnauld, Antoine
- leading 17th-century theologian of Jansenism, a Roman Catholic movement that held heretical doctrines on the nature of free will and predestination. [7 Related Articles]
- Arnauld, Catherine
- (from the article "Arnauld Family") In addition to Mere Angelique and Mere Agnes, four more daughters of Antoine Arnauld eventually became nuns at Port-Royal. The most notable was Catherine Arnauld (1590-1651). She married Isaac Le Maistre, a king's counselor, but, after his death, she too took religious vows and entered Port-Royal.
- Arnauld, Henri
- (from the article "Arnauld Family") Robert's younger brother, Henri Arnauld (1597-1692), left his diplomatic career for a life in the church. Ordained as a priest, he ultimately became bishop of Angers. He played an important part in the Jansenist religious controversy, his sympathy lying with the Jansenists.
- Arnauld, Jacqueline-Marie-Angelique
- monastic reformer who was abbess of the important Jansenist centre of Port-Royal de Paris. She was one of six sisters of the prominent Jansenist theologian Antoine Arnauld (the Great Arnauld). [2 Related Articles]
- Arnauld, Jeanne-Catherine-Agnes
- abbess of the Jansenist centre of Port-Royal and author of the religious community's Constitutions (1665). She was one of six sisters of the prominent Jansenist theologian Antoine Arnauld (the Great Arnauld). [1 Related Articles]
- Arnault, Bernard
- During much of 1997 French businessman Bernard Arnault, the president and chairman of the French conglomerate LVMH Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton, the largest luxury-products company in the world, attempted to quash the proposed $38 billion merger of Guinness PLC and Grand Metropolitan PLC (Grand Met)--two British spirits and food firms ...
- Arnaut Daniel
- Provencal poet, troubadour, and master of the trobar clus, a poetic style composed of complex metrics, intricate rhymes, and words chosen more for their sound than for their meaning. [1 Related Articles]
- Arnaut de Mareuil
- Perigordian troubadour who is credited with having introduced into Provencal poetry the amatory epistle (salut d'amour) and the short didactic poem (ensenhamen). [1 Related Articles]
- Arnaut de Zwolle, Henri
- (from the article "keyboard instrument") ...a series of tangents striking a given pair of strings at different points will produce a series of different notes, and all the earliest clavichords were designed to take advantage of this fact. Arnaut of Zwolle's clavichord used only 9 or 10 pairs of strings to produce all the 37 ...
- Arnavad Peak
- (from the article "Pamirs") ...on the south face by the Fedchenko Glacier. The western slope intersects other ranges that lie still farther to the west: the Peter I Range, with Moscow Peak (22,260 feet); the Darvaz Range, with Arnavad Peak (19,957 feet); and the Vanch and Yazgulem ranges, with Revolution Peak (22,880 feet). The ...
- Arnay-le-duc, Battle of
- (from the article "Henry IV") ...was killed. Jeanne d'Albret took Henry to the new leader of the Protestant forces, Gaspard de Coligny, who gave the young prince his military education. Henry distinguished himself at the Battle of Arnay-le-Duc on June 26, 1570, when he led the first charge of the Huguenot cavalry. The long campaign ...
- Arnaz, Desi
- (from the article "Ball, Lucille") ...Door (1937), Room Service (1938), Five Came Back (1939), and Too Many Girls (1940), in which she starred and which also featured the popular Cuban bandleader and actor Desi Arnaz, whom she married in 1940. For 10 years they conducted separate careers, he as a bandleader and she as a ...
- Arndale Centre
- (from the article "Manchester") As new shopping centres began to develop in outlying areas, the level of retail trade in the city centre suffered. This led to the development of a large enclosed shopping precinct, the Arndale Centre, which contains a significant proportion of the total retail activity in the city centre. As it ...
- Arndt, Ernst Moritz
- prose writer, poet, and patriot who expressed the national awakening in his country in the Napoleonic era. [1 Related Articles]
- Arndt, Johann
- German Lutheran theologian whose mystical writings were widely circulated in Europe in the 17th century. [5 Related Articles]
- Arndt, Michael
- (from the article "2006: Other Winners") Original Screenplay: Michael Arndt for Little Miss SunshineAdapted Screenplay: William Monahan for The DepartedCinematography: Guillermo Navarro for Pan's LabyrinthArt Direction: Eugenio Caballero (art direction) and...
- Arne, Michael
- (from the article "Battishill, Jonathan") ...(directing from the harpischord) at Covent Garden about 1756. He composed songs and choruses for plays, notably, Almena (1764), an opera produced at Drury Lane as the work of Battishill and Michael Arne. In 1764 he became organist at St. Clement Danes and St. Martin-in-the-Fields and wrote psalm settings and ...
- Arne, Thomas
- English composer, chiefly of dramatic music and song. [2 Related Articles]
- Arneth, Alfred, Ritter von
- historian important chiefly for his work in evaluating and publishing sources for Austrian history found in the Vienna state archives.
- Arnheim, Rudolf
- (from the article "Gestalt psychology") ...could also be used to shed light on problems in ethics, political behaviour, and the nature of truth. Gestalt psychology's traditions continued in the perceptual investigations undertaken by Rudolf Arnheim and Hans Wallach in the United States.influence on Gestalt aestheticsaestheticsForm...seem ...
- Arnhem
- gemeente (municipality), eastern Netherlands, on the north bank of the Lower Rhine (Neder Rijn) River. Possibly the site of the Roman settlement of Arenacum, it was first mentioned in 893. Chartered and fortified in 1233 by Otto II, count of Geldern, it joined the Hanseatic League in 1443. As the ...
- Arnhem Land
- historical region of Northern Territory, Australia. It consists of the eastern half of the large peninsula that forms the northernmost portion of the Northern Territory. The region, with a total area of about 37,000 square miles (95,900 square km), consists of a ruggedly dissected plateau and associated lowlands lying between ... [4 Related Articles]
- Arnhem, Battle of
- (from the article "Arnhem") ...in 1585, and the following year Sir Philip Sidney, the English poet, statesman, and soldier, died there after being wounded in the battle of Zutphen. Seized and dismantled by the French in 1672, Arnhem was refortified in the 18th century only to fall again to the French in 1793. Occupied ...
- Arnica
- genus of plants of the composite family (Asteraceae), most of whose approximately 32 species occur in northwestern North America. A typical species, A. angustifolia, of Arctic Asia and America, has narrow leaves and orange-yellow flower heads 5 to 7 cm (2 to 2.5 inches) across.
- Arnica angustifolia
- (from the article "Arnica") genus of plants of the composite family (Asteraceae), most of whose approximately 32 species occur in northwestern North America. A typical species, A. angustifolia, of Arctic Asia and America, has narrow leaves and orange-yellow flower heads 5 to 7 cm (2 to 2.5 inches) across.
- Arnica montana
- (from the article "Arnica") One of the most important species (A. montana) is a perennial herb of northern and central European highlands. It yields an essential oil formerly used in treating bruises and sprains.
- Arniches, Carlos
- popular Spanish dramatist of the early 20th century, best known for works in the genero chico ("lesser genre"): the one-act zarzuela (musical comedy) and the one-act sainete (sketch). These plays were based upon direct observation of the customs and speech of the lower class people of Madrid. He wrote some ...
- Arnim Paragraph
- (from the article "Arnim, Harry, Graf von") Prussian diplomat whose indiscreetly expressed opposition to German chancellor Otto von Bismarck led to his prosecution and gave rise to the so-called Arnim Paragraph, an addition to the German criminal code that made unauthorized disclosures of official documents a criminal offense.
- Arnim, Achim von
- folklorist, dramatist, poet, and story writer whose collection of folk poetry was a major contribution to German Romanticism. [3 Related Articles]
- Arnim, Bettina von
- one of the outstanding figures of German Romanticism, memorable not only for her books but also for the personality they reflect. All of her writings, whatever their ostensible themes, are essentially self-portraits. [2 Related Articles]
- Arnim, Hans Georg von
- soldier prominent in German affairs during the Thirty Years' War. He served (1613-17) with the Swedes under Gustaf II Adolf, with the Poles (1621), with Wallenstein's imperial army (1626) as a field marshal, and with the Saxons (1631-35, 1638-41). A strict Lutheran, Arnim resigned his imperial commission in protest against ...
- Arnim, Harry, Graf von
- Prussian diplomat whose indiscreetly expressed opposition to German chancellor Otto von Bismarck led to his prosecution and gave rise to the so-called Arnim Paragraph, an addition to the German criminal code that made unauthorized disclosures of official documents a criminal offense. [1 Related Articles]
- Arnim, Jurgen von
- (from the article "World War II") ...on November 25, the defense was unexpectedly strong. By December 5 the 1st Army's advance was checked a dozen miles from Tunis and from Bizerte. Further reinforcements enabled Colonel General Jurgen von Arnim, who assumed the command in chief of the Axis defense in Tunisia on December 9, to expand ...
- Arno River
- principal stream of the Toscana (Tuscany) region, in central Italy. Rising on the slopes of Monte Falterona in the Tuscan Apennines, it flows for 150 mi (240 km) to the Ligurian Sea, receiving the Sieve, Pesa, Elsa, and Era rivers. Its drainage basin covers 3,184 sq mi (8,247 sq km). ... [3 Related Articles]
- Arno, Peter
- cartoonist whose satirical drawings, particularly of New York cafe society, did much to establish The New Yorker magazine's reputation for sophisticated humour. [1 Related Articles]
- Arnobius The Elder
- early Christian convert who defended Christianity by demonstrating to the pagans their own inconsistencies. [2 Related Articles]
- Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University
- major botanical research centre famous for its collection of ornamental trees and shrubs from Asia. Founded in 1872, the arboretum consists of 265 acres (107 hectares) at Jamaica Plain in Boston, and it has another 106-acre (43-hectare) installation at Weston, Massachusetts, U.S. The Arnold Arboretum has acquired and cultivated more ... [1 Related Articles]
- Arnold Classic
- (from the article "physical culture") ...and pundits speculate whether anyone will ever surpass the muscular development of eight-time winner Ronnie Coleman. But the greatest physical culture extravaganza outside the Olympics is the Arnold Classic, held each winter in Columbus, Ohio, and hosted by Schwarzenegger. With a physique show as centerpiece, approximately 12,000 athletes entertain 80,000 ...
- Arnold of Brescia
- radical religious reformer noted for his outspoken criticism of clerical wealth and corruption and for his strenuous opposition to the temporal power of the popes. He was prior of the monastery at Brescia, where in 1137 he participated in a popular revolt against the government of Bishop Manfred. His proposals ... [8 Related Articles]
- Arnold, Andrea
- (from the article "Performing Arts") British cinema had a quiet year overall, though there were still encouraging signs of new talent. The most notable was Andrea Arnold, winner of the Jury Prize at Cannes for her working-class drama Red Road, set in Glasgow. The core of the material stuck close to the British norm, but ...
- Arnold, Benedict
- patriot officer who served the cause of the American Revolution until 1779, when he shifted his allegiance to the British; thereafter his name became an epithet for traitor in the United States. [9 Related Articles]
- Arnold, Eddy
- American singer and guitarist ushered country music, which had been labeled as hillbilly music, into the mainstream with his gentlemanly appearance and mellow tenor voice, which he modeled after Bing Crosby and Perry Como; during Arnold's six-decade-long career, he sold more than 85 million recordings and reigned on the Billboard ...
- Arnold, Harold DeForest
- American physicist whose research led to the development of long-distance telephony and radio communication.
- Arnold, Henry Harley
- air strategist, commanding general of the U.S. Army Air Forces in World War II.
- Arnold, Kenneth
- (from the article "unidentified flying object") The first well-known UFO sighting occurred in 1947, when businessman Kenneth Arnold claimed to see a group of nine high-speed objects near Mount Rainier in Washington while flying his small plane. Arnold estimated the speed of the crescent-shaped objects as several thousand miles per hour and said they moved "like ...
- Arnold, Magda B.
- (from the article "emotion") Magda B. Arnold was the first contemporary psychologist to propose that all emotions are a function of one's cognitive appraisal of the stimulus or situation. She maintained that before a stimulus can elicit emotion it has to be appraised as good or bad by the perceiver. She described the appraisal ...
- Arnold, Matthew
- English Victorian poet and literary and social critic, noted especially for his classical attacks on the contemporary tastes and manners of the "Barbarians" (the aristocracy), the "Philistines" (the commercial middle class), and the "Populace." He became the apostle of "culture" in such works as Culture and Anarchy (1869). [12 Related Articles]
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