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advanced structural ceramics ... Aelfheah, Saint

advanced structural ceramics ceramic materials that demonstrate enhanced mechanical properties under demanding conditions. Because they serve as structural members, often being subjected to mechanical loading, they are given the name structural ceramics. Ordinarily, for structural applications ceramics tend to be expensive replacements for other materials, such as metals, polymers, and composites. For especially ... Advances in Battlefield Medicine: Year in Review 2008 Studies of historical casualty rates have shown that about one-half of military personnel killed in action died from the loss of blood and that up to 80% of those died within the first hour of injury on the battlefield. This time period has been dubbed the "golden hour," when prompt ... Advani, Lal Krishna founding member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and deputy prime minister of India (2002-04) who was largely responsible for popularizing and strengthening the BJP. From its formation in 1980, the party emerged as one of the strongest political forces in India. advection in atmospheric science, change in a property of a moving mass of air because the mass is transported by the wind to a region where the property has a different value (e.g., the change in temperature when a warm air mass moves into a cool region). Advection can refer to ... Advent (from Latin adventus, "coming"), in the Christian church calendar, the period of preparation for the celebration of the birth of Jesus Christ at Christmas and also of preparation for the Second Coming of Christ. It begins on the Sunday nearest to November 30 (St. Andrew's Day) and is the beginning ... Advent Christian Church one of several Adventist churches that evolved from the teachings in the late 1840s of William Miller. It was organized in 1860. Doctrinal emphasis is placed on the anticipated Second Coming of Christ and on the Last Judgment, after which the wicked will be destroyed and the chosen will be ... Adventist member of any one of a group of Protestant Christian churches that trace their origin to the United States in the mid-19th century and that are distinguished by their emphasis on the belief that the personal, visible return of Christ in glory (i.e., the Second Coming) is close at hand, ... Adventure Racing: Year in Review 2013 The final competition of the 2012 Adventure Racing World Series (ARWS) climaxed on September 20 at the Raid in France world championships in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France, when the winning Team Seagate, made up of three men and one woman from New Zealand, paddled their two two-person sea kayaks toward the finish ... Adventures of Augie March, The novel by Saul Bellow, published in 1953. It is a picaresque story of a poor Jewish youth from Chicago, his progress, sometimes highly comic, through the world of the 20th century, and his attempts to make sense of it. The book won the National Book Award for fiction in 1954. Adventures of Robin Hood, The American romantic adventure film, released in 1938, that is considered one of the great cinematic adventures and starred Errol Flynn in what became the defining role of his career. Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, The American mystery-detective film, released in 1939, that was the second to feature the popular pairing of Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce as the classic Arthur Conan Doyle characters Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson, respectively. It was ostensibly based on a play by William Gillette, though the two works had little ... adversary procedure in law, one of the two methods of exposing evidence in court (the other being the inquisitorial procedure). adverse possession in Anglo-American property law, holding of property under some claim of right with the knowledge and against the will of one who has a superior ownership interest in the property. Its legal significance is traced back to the English common-law concept known as seisin, a possession of land by one ... Adverse, Anthony fictional character, hero of the historical novel Anthony Adverse (1933) by Hervey Allen. Adverse is an illegitimate but well-born child and the heir to his wealthy grandfather, under whom he apprentices. advertisement a public announcement-generally print, audio, or video-made to promote a commodity, service, or idea through various media, including billboards, direct mail, print magazines and newspapers, radio, television, and the World Wide Web. While advertising is used to a limited extent in every modern society, often by some agency or service ... advertising the techniques and practices used to bring products, services, opinions, or causes to public notice for the purpose of persuading the public to respond in a certain way toward what is advertised. Most advertising involves promoting a good that is for sale, but similar methods are used to encourage people ... advertising coloration in animals, the use of biological coloration to make an organism unique and highly visible as compared with the background, thereby providing easily perceived information as to its location, identity, and movement. Such advertisement may serve the function of attracting individuals in order to enter into some advantageous interaction (e.g., ... ADVERTISING: Infomercials: Year in Review 1996 In 1964 a gadget inventor and salesman named Ron Popeil started a company named Ronco and became instrumental in creating the television infomercial industry in the U.S. Poised between superficial talk shows and the strident tones of Madison Avenue, the half-hour ads originally existed in a kind of television netherworld--shown ... advisory opinion in law, the opinion of a judge, a court, or a law official, such as an attorney general, upon a question of law raised by a public official or legislative body. Advisory opinions adjudicate nothing and are not binding, though courts sometimes cite them as evidence of the law. Federal ... advocacy network organization consisting of independent groups that collaborate in the pursuit of political change. advocate in law, a person who is professionally qualified to plead the cause of another in a court of law. As a technical term, advocate is used mainly in those legal systems that derived from the Roman law. In Scotland the word refers particularly to a member of the bar of ... Advocate of Moral Reform American periodical that, between 1835 and about 1845, campaigned to rescue women who were victims of moral and physical corruption and to reassert woman's centrality to family life. Advocates, Faculty of the members of the bar of Scotland. Barristers are the comparable group in England. The faculty grew out of the Scots Act of 1532, which established the Court of Session in Scotland. The advocates had, and still have, the sole right of audience in the Court of Session and High ... Adwa town, northern Ethiopia. Adwa lies on the east-west highway between Aksum and Adi Grat at its junction with the road north to Asmara (Asmera), in Eritrea. Adwa is a market centre (grains, honey, hides, coffee) for the Tigray people. The town is located 10 miles (16 km) west of an ... Adwa, Battle of (March 1, 1896), military clash at Adwa, in north-central Ethiopia, between the Ethiopian army of King Menilek II and Italian forces. The decisive Ethiopian victory checked Italy's attempt to build an empire in Africa. Adwick le Street town, Doncaster metropolitan borough, metropolitan county of South Yorkshire, north-central England, historic county of Yorkshire, England. The town derives its name from the great north British Roman routeway, Ermine Street. The earliest references to the town are found in Domesday Book (1086), and the parish church of St. Lawrence dates ... Ady, Endre one of Hungary's greatest lyric poets. Adygeya republic, southwestern Russia. It extends from the Kuban River south to the Caucasus foothills. Adygeya was established as an oblast (province) in 1922 for the Adyghian people, one of two major branches of the Circassians (Cherkess), who make up about one-fifth of its total population. Apart from the foothills in ... adynaton a kind of hyperbole in which the exaggeration is so great that it refers to an impossibility, as in the following lines from Andrew Marvell's "To His Coy Mistress":Had we but world enough, and timeThis coyness, lady, were no crime.We would sit down, and think which way To walk, and ... adz hand tool for shaping wood. One of the earliest tools, it was widely distributed in Stone Age cultures in the form of a handheld stone chipped to form a blade. By Egyptian times it had acquired a wooden haft, or handle, with a copper or bronze blade set flat at ... AE poet, artist, and mystic, a leading figure in the Irish literary renaissance of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Russell took his pseudonym from a proofreader's query about his earlier pseudonym, "AEon." AEA June Bug biplane designed, built, and tested by members of the Aerial Experiment Association (AEA) in 1908. For a table of pioneer aircraft, see history of flight. Aeacus in Greek mythology, son of Zeus and Aegina, the daughter of the river god Asopus; Aeacus was the father of Telamon and Peleus. His mother was carried off by Zeus to the island of Oenone, afterward called by her name. Aeacus was celebrated for justice and in later tradition became ... Aechmea genus of epiphytes (plants that are supported by other plants and have aerial roots exposed to the humid atmosphere) of the pineapple family (Bromeliaceae), with more than 180 species distributed in tropical America. Spiny-edged leaves, usually about 30 to 60 cm (about 12 to 24 inches) long, grow in a ... aecium a cluster-cup or fruiting body of certain rust fungi (phylum Basidiomycota, kingdom Fungi). Yellow to orange in colour, aecia develop after fertilization and bear one-celled spores (aeciospores, or aecidiospores). Aecia are usually found on lower leaf surfaces of plants. Aedesius Greek philosopher whose ideas had their roots in Neoplatonism, a school of philosophy that grew out of the Idealism of Plato. aedile (from Latin aedes, "temple"), magistrate of ancient Rome who originally had charge of the temple and cult of Ceres. At first the aediles were two officials of the plebeians, created at the same time as the tribunes (494 BC), whose sanctity they shared. These magistrates were elected in the assembly ... Aedon in Greek mythology, a daughter of Pandareus of Ephesus. According to Homer (Book XIX of the Odyssey), she was the wife of Zethus, who with his brother Amphion was the joint king of Thebes. She had only two children and envied her sister-in-law, Niobe, who had many. She planned to ... Aedui Celtic tribe of central Gaul (occupying most of what was later the French region of Burgundy), chiefly responsible for the diplomatic situation exploited by Julius Caesar when he began his conquests in that region in 58 BC. The Aedui had been Roman allies since 121 BC and had been awarded ... AEG AG former German electronics and electrical-equipment company. As one of Germany's leading industrial companies through much of the 19th and 20th centuries, AEG manufactured products for industrial and domestic use. Aegean civilizations the Stone and Bronze Age civilizations that arose and flourished in the area of the Aegean Sea in the periods, respectively, about 7000-3000 BC and about 3000-1000 BC. Aegean Islands Greek islands in the Aegean Sea, particularly the Cyclades, Sporades, and Dodecanese groups. The Cyclades consist of about 30 islands. The Dodecanese, or Southern Sporades, include Kalimnos, Karpathos, Cos, Leros, Patmos, Rhodes, and Simi. The Sporades, or Northern Sporades, include Skyros, Skopelos, and Skiathos. Aegean Sea an arm of the Mediterranean Sea, located between the Greek peninsula on the west and Asia Minor on the east. About 380 miles (612 km) long and 186 miles (299 km) wide, it has a total area of some 83,000 square miles (215,000 square km). The Aegean is connected through ... Aegilops genus of grasses (order Poales) that has become an agricultural contaminant. Members of the genus grow with wheat, mature at the same time, and, unless care is taken, are harvested along with it. One Aegilops species was an ancestor of bread wheat. Its origin was in southeastern Turkey, northern Iraq, ... Aegina island, one of the largest in the Saronic group of Greece, about 16 miles (26 km) south-southwest of Piraeus. With an area of about 32 square miles (83 square km), it is an eparkhia (eparchy) of the nomos (department) of Piraeus. The northern plains and hills are cultivated with vines ... aegirine a pyroxene mineral, sodium and iron silicate (NaFe+3Si2O6), that is commonly found in alkaline igneous rocks, particularly in syenites and syenite pegmatites. It also occurs in crystalline schists. Aegirine forms a continuous chemical series with aegirine-augite, in which calcium replaces sodium, and magnesium and aluminum replace iron. In this series, ... aegis in ancient Greece, leather cloak or breastplate generally associated with Zeus, the king of the gods, and thus thought to possess supernatural power. Zeus's daughter Athena adopted the aegis for ordinary dress. Athena placed on her aegis a symbolic representation of the severed head of the Gorgon Medusa. The head ... Aegithalidae songbird family that includes the long-tailed tits (or titmice) of the Old World and the bushtits of North America. Both groups are considered subfamilies of the family Paridae (order Passeriformes) in some classifications. The eight species are small, arboreal insect eaters with long, narrow tails; tiny bills; and silky, plain ... Aegospotami, Battle of (405 BC), naval victory of Sparta over Athens, final battle of the Peloponnesian War. The fleets of the two Greek rival powers faced each other in the Hellespont for four days without battle, until on the fifth day the Spartans under Lysander surprised the Athenians in their anchorage off Aegospotami. ... Aehrenthal, Alois, Graf (count) Lexa von foreign minister (1906-12) of the Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy, whose direction of the latter's annexation of Bosnia and Hercegovina (1908) provoked an international crisis. (See Bosnian crisis of 1908.) Aelfheah, Saint archbishop of Canterbury who was venerated as a martyr after his murder by the Danes.