| | - Armenia
- city, capital of Quindio departamento, west-central Colombia. It lies on the western slopes of the Cordillera Central at an elevation of 4,865 feet (1,483 metres), between the Espejo and Quindio rivers. The city lies along a spur of the railway from Puerto Berrio to Popayan and is the transfer point ... [1 Related Articles]
- Armenia, flag of
- horizontally striped red-blue-orange national flag. Its width-to-length proportion is 1 to 2.
- Armenia, history of
- (from the article "Armenia") History1917-1991conflict with AzerbaijanAzerbaijanThe Soviet and post-Soviet periodsWhen conflict with the Armen
- Armenian
- member of a people with an ancient culture who originally lived in the region known as Armenia, which comprised what is now northeastern Turkey and the Republic of Armenia. Although some remain in Turkey, more than three million Armenians live in the republic; large numbers also live in Azerbaijan, Georgia, ... [13 Related Articles]
- Armenian alphabet
- script developed for the Armenian language in the 5th century AD and still in use. It was probably derived from the Pahlavi alphabet of Persia, with some Greek influences. According to local tradition, the Armenian alphabet was invented in 405 by Mesrop Mashtots, aided by Isaac (Sahak) the Great, supreme ... [2 Related Articles]
- Armenian Apostolic Church
- the Orthodox national church of Armenia. Its claim to the title Apostolic is based on the belief that Armenia was evangelized by the Apostles Bartholomew and Thaddaeus. [8 Related Articles]
- Armenian bole
- (from the article "pottery") After about 1550 Iznik pottery enters its third stage. The most notable technical innovation is the use of Armenian bole (sealing-wax red), a thick pigment that stands out in slight relief from the surface of the vessel.
- Armenian Catholic Church
- an Eastern-rite member of the Roman Catholic church. The Armenians embraced Christianity about AD 300 and were the first people to do so as a nation. About 50 years after the Council of Chalcedon (451), the Armenians repudiated the Christological decisions of the council and became the Armenian Apostolic (Orthodox) ... [1 Related Articles]
- Armenian chant
- vocal music of the Armenian Apostolic Church and the religious poetry that serves as its texts. Armenia was Christianized quite early by missionaries from Syria and Greek-speaking areas of the eastern Mediterranean and accepted Christianity as the state religion about AD 300. The development of a distinctive Armenian liturgy was ... [1 Related Articles]
- Armenian Highland
- mountainous region of Transcaucasia. It lies mainly in Turkey, occupies all of Armenia, and includes southern Georgia, western Azerbaijan, and northwestern Iran. The highland covers almost 154,400 square miles (400,000 square km). The average elevation of the Armenian Highland is 5,000 to 6,500 feet (1,500 to 2,000 m), but several ... [4 Related Articles]
- Armenian language
- language that forms a separate branch of the Indo-European language family; it was once erroneously considered a dialect of Iranian. In the early 21st century the Armenian language is spoken by some 6.7 million individuals. The majority (about 3.4 million) of these live in Armenia, and most of the remainder ... [4 Related Articles]
- Armenian literature
- body of writings in the Armenian language. There is evidence that a pagan oral literature existed in Armenia before the invention of the Armenian alphabet in the 5th century AD, but, owing to the zeal of the early Christian priests, little of this was preserved. For about a century after ... [7 Related Articles]
- Armenian massacre of 1915
- (from the article "Turkey") ...Nobel Prizes) in October dovetailed with a vote in the French lower house of Parliament that would criminalize the denial that genocide had been perpetrated against Ottoman Armenians in 1915. Even as many European politicians made known their opposition to Turkey's EU accession, support in Turkey for ...
- Armenian massacres
- series of brutal campaigns conducted against the Armenian subjects of the Ottoman Empire by Sultan Abdulhamid II in 1894-96 and by the Young Turk government in 1915-16. [7 Related Articles]
- Armenian National Movement
- (from the article "Armenia") ...Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, Armenians organized a massive nationalist movement focused on recovering Nagorno-Karabakh for Armenia. This movement grew into a popular democratic organization, the Armenian National Movement (ANM). In the 1990 elections the ANM won a majority in parliament. Armenia declared sovereignty on August 23, 1990, and independence on ...
- Armenian Revolutionary Federation
- (from the article "Armenia") ...on March 25, 2007. HHK emerged the clear winner in the May 12 parliamentary elections, garnering 65 of the 131 seats. The Prosperous Armenia party polled second with 25 seats, followed by the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (16), the Country of Law party (9); and the Heritage party (7), led by ...
- Armenian rite
- the system of liturgical practices and discipline observed by both the Armenian Apostolic (Orthodox) Church and the Armenian Catholics. The Armenians, who regard themselves as the "first Christian nation," were converted to Christianity by St. Gregory the Illuminator about AD 300. The Liturgy of St. Gregory the Illuminator, used by ... [1 Related Articles]
- Armentieres
- town, Nord departement, Nord-Pas-de-Calais region, northern France. It lies along the Lys River, near the Belgian frontier. The town was entirely rebuilt after being destroyed in World War I, and its red brick buildings present a uniform appearance. Armentieres was 2 miles (3 km) ...
- Armero
- (from the article "Colombia") ...that support much of Colombia's coffee production. In November 1985 Mount Ruiz erupted, melting the snow and ice that covered it and sending great mudflows downslope, destroying the city of Armero and killing more than 25,000 in one of the country's greatest catastrophes.
- Armfelt, Gustaf Mauritz
- Swedish statesman prominent in diplomacy and military affairs.
- Armidale
- city, northeastern New South Wales, Australia. It lies on the valley slopes of Dumaresq Creek in the New England Range. Founded in 1839 by G.J. Macdonald, commissioner of crown lands, and named for his father's Scottish baronial estate on the Isle of Skye, it developed a pastoral-agricultural economy. It has ...
- Armijo, Antonio
- (from the article "Las Vegas") ...came later and migrated between seasonal camps in the mountains and the valley. The first Europeans known to have entered the area were members of a Spanish exploration party led by Santa Fe trader Antonio Armijo and a scout, Rafael Rivera, who were seeking a new route from Santa Fe ...
- Armillaria
- genus of about 35 species of fungi in the order Agaricales (q.v.; class Agaricomycetes, kingdom Fungi), found throughout northern North America and Europe, principally in forests of hardwoods or mixed conifers. In suitable environments, members of this genus may live for hundreds of years, and certain specimens have been identified ...
- Armillaria bulbosa
- (from the article "Armillaria") Given suitable forest conditions, the fungal mat (mycelium) can reach extraordinary proportions. In 1992 a mat of A. bulbosa was identified in a mixed oak forest near Crystal Falls, in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Genetic testing on sample mushrooms gathered throughout the area determined that all were produced by a single ...
- Armillaria ostoyae
- (from the article "Armillaria") ...estimated total weight was more than 10,000 kg (220,000 pounds), and, based on calculations from known growth rates, it was thought to be at least 1,500 years old. Later that year, a specimen of A. ostoyae was identified on Mount Adams, in southwestern Washington state. Its age was estimated at ...
- Armillaria ponderosa
- (from the article "Agaricales") ...honey mushroom, causes root rot in trees. Its yellowish clusters are often found at the bases of trees and stumps, and black shoe-stringlike fungal filaments can be found in the decaying wood. Armillaria ponderosa, an edible mushroom with an interesting cinnamon flavor, is found in Northwest coastal forests; it is ...
- armillary sphere
- early astronomical device for representing the great circles of the heavens, including in the most elaborate instruments the horizon, meridian, Equator, tropics, polar circles, and an ecliptic hoop. The sphere is a skeleton celestial globe, with circles divided into degrees for angular measurement. In the 17th and 18th centuries such ... [3 Related Articles]
- Armilus
- in Jewish legends, an enemy who will conquer Jerusalem and persecute Jews until his final defeat at the hands of God or the true Messiah. His inevitable destruction symbolizes the ultimate victory of good over evil in the messianic era. Some sources depict Armilus as partially deaf and partially maimed, ...
- Armin, Robert
- English actor and playwright best known as a leading comic actor in the plays of William Shakespeare. He performed with the Chamberlain's Men from approximately 1598 to 1610 and originated some of the most famous comic roles in Elizabethan theatre. [2 Related Articles]
- Arminianism
- a theological movement in Christianity, a liberal reaction to the Calvinist doctrine of predestination. The movement began early in the 17th century and asserted that God's sovereignty and man's free will are compatible. [12 Related Articles]
- Arminius
- German tribal leader who inflicted a major defeat on Rome by destroying three legions under Publius Quinctilius Varus in the Teutoburg Forest (southeast of modern Bielefeld, Ger.), late in the summer of AD 9. This defeat severely checked the emperor Augustus' plans, the exact nature of which is uncertain, for ... [7 Related Articles]
- Arminius, Jacobus
- theologian and minister of the Dutch Reformed Church who opposed the strict Calvinist teaching on predestination and who developed in reaction a theological system known later as Arminianism. [5 Related Articles]
- Armistice
- (from the article "World War I") The Allies' armistice terms presented in the railway carriage at Rethondes were stiff. Germany was required to evacuate not only Belgium, France, and Alsace-Lorraine but also all the rest of the left (west) bank of the Rhine, and it had to neutralize that river's right bank between The Netherlands and ...
- armistice
- an agreement for the cessation of active hostilities between two or more belligerents. Generally, the terms, scope, and duration of an armistice are determined by the contracting belligerents. An armistice agreement may involve a partial or temporary cessation of hostilities-called a local armistice or truce-established for a variety of specific ... [2 Related Articles]
- Armitage, Karole
- (from the article "Performing Arts") Karole Armitage offered a three-week season with her company Armitage Gone! Dance in New York City. Although she had spent a good part of her postpunk choreographic career abroad, she recently had reestablished herself in the U.S. The Japan Society produced a series called "Cool Japan: Otaku Strikes!," which was ...
- Armitage, Kenneth
- British sculptor (b. July 18, 1916, Leeds, Eng.-d. Jan. 22, 2002, London, Eng.), created semiabstract bronzes, many of which displayed quirky humour, that put him at the forefront of post-World War II British art. Armitage was the head of sculpture at the Bath Academy of Art (1946-56) and was Britain's ... [1 Related Articles]
- armlet
- decorative band, usually of gold, silver, or other metal and sometimes featuring precious gems, worn for ornament around the arm, especially the upper arm. Armlets have been worn since ancient times: in Assyrian art, for instance, deities, monsters, and men are shown wearing armlets. [1 Related Articles]
- armoire
- large two-door cupboard, usually movable and containing shelves, hanging space, and sometimes drawers. It was originally used for storing arms. The armoires designed by Andre-Charles Boulle, the cabinetmaker to Louis XIV in the late 17th century, are among the most sumptuous and imposing pieces of Western furniture. [1 Related Articles]
- armorial ensign
- heraldic symbol carried on a flag or shield. The term is much misunderstood because of the popular use of ensign as a generic term for flag. A grant of arms or a matriculation (registration of armorial bearings) may in its text use the term ensigns armorial to mean the heraldic ... [2 Related Articles]
- Armorica
- (from Celtic ar, "on," and mor, "sea"), Latin name for the northwestern extremity of Gaul, now Brittany. In Celtic, Roman, and Frankish times Armorica also included the western part of what later became Normandy. In Julius Caesar's time it was the home of five principal tribes, the most important being ... [2 Related Articles]
- Armorican Massif
- flattened erosional upland, or peneplain, encompassing the western French departements of Finistere, Cotes-d'Armor, Morbihan, and Ille-et-Vilaine and parts of Manche, Orne, Mayenne, Maine-et-Loire, Loire-Atlantique, and Vendee. The region has an area of approximately 25,000 square miles (65,000 square km) and is bounded by the Paris Basin and the Seine River ... [3 Related Articles]
- Armory Show
- an exhibition of painting and sculpture held from Feb. 17 to March 15, 1913, at the Sixty-ninth Regiment Armory in New York City. The show, a decisive event in the development of American art, was originally conceived by its organizers, the Association of American Painters and Sculptors, as a selection ... [7 Related Articles]
- armour
- (from the article "armadillo") any of various armoured mammals found mainly in tropical and subtropical regions of Central and South America. Most of the 20 species inhabit open areas, such as grasslands, but some also live in forests. All armadillos possess a set of plates called the carapace that covers much of the body, ...
- armour
- protective clothing with the ability to deflect or absorb arrows, spears, lances, swords, bullets, or other weapons that may be used against its wearer. Until recent times, armour was worn solely by combatants in warfare. However, the development of lighter protective materials and an increase in terrorism and the use ... [15 Related Articles]
- armour
- (from the article "tactics") ...where the chief of staff, Hans von Seeckt, built an elite army that would cut through the defense "like a knife through butter." The other solution, particularly popular in Britain, was armour: improved tanks, operating much like the heavy cavalry of old, were supposed to overcome the defense and restore ...
- Armour & Company
- (from the article "Armour, Philip Danforth") American entrepreneur and innovator whose extensive Armour & Company enterprises helped make Chicago the meatpacking capital of the world.
- armour plate
- (from the article "tank") Until the 1960s, tank armour consisted of homogeneous steel plates or castings. The thickness of this armour varied from eight millimetres on early tanks to 250 millimetres at the front of the German Jagdtiger of 1945. After World War II, opinions differed about the value of armour protection. Tanks such ...
- Armour, Philip Danforth
- American entrepreneur and innovator whose extensive Armour & Company enterprises helped make Chicago the meatpacking capital of the world. [1 Related Articles]
- armour-piercing bomb
- (from the article "bomb") ...charge. General-purpose bombs combine the effects of both blast and fragmentation and hence can be used against a wide variety of targets. They are probably the commonest type of bomb used. Armour-piercing bombs have a thick case and a pointed tip and are used to penetrate armoured or hardened targets ...
- armour-piercing discarding-sabot
- (from the article "artillery") ...formidable. Guns with tapering calibres of 28/20, 41/29, and 75/55 millimetres were developed, but wartime shortages of tungsten led to their abandonment after 1942. In 1944 Britain perfected "discarding-sabot" projectiles, in which a tungsten core was supported in a conventional gun by a light metal sabot that split and fell ...
- armour-piercing projectile
- (from the article "ammunition") ...States. The bullet of this type usually consists of a steel or lead-alloy core encased in a jacket of copper alloy or of mild steel coated with a copper alloy. Special-purpose ammunition includes armour-piercing rounds, which fire bullets that have cores of hardened steel or some other metal such as ...
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