| | - Arlington National Cemetery
- U.S. national burial ground in Arlington county, Virginia, on the Potomac River directly opposite Washington, D.C. Located on the antebellum plantation of George Washington Parke Custis, the adopted son of George Washington, the first president of the United States, the cemetery currently occupies 612 acres (248 hectares). Its central feature ... [1 Related Articles]
- Arlington, Henry Bennet, 1st earl of
- secretary of state under King Charles II of England from 1662 to 1674 and a leading member of Charles's "Cabal" ministry. Besides directing foreign policy for 12 years, Arlington, by creating the nucleus of a "court party" (the future Tories) in the House of Commons, helped to develop the party ...
- Arlington, Lake
- (from the article "Arlington") ...Arlington (1895) and the Arlington Baptist College (1939). Six Flags Over Texas, a large amusement park, is located there, and the city is the home of the Texas Rangers professional baseball team. Lake Arlington, a 2,275-acre (921-hectare) reservoir that provides drinking water for the city, is also a popular recreation ...
- Arliss, George
- actor noted for his portrayal of historic personages in many motion pictures. [2 Related Articles]
- Arlon
- (from the article "Dates of 2004") ...to reenact the actions described in James Joyce's novel Ulysses in celebration of the centenary of Bloomsday, named for the novel's main character, Leopold Bloom.
- Arlt, Roberto
- novelist, short-story writer, dramatist, and journalist who pioneered the novel of the absurd in Argentinian literature.
- arm
- in zoology, either of the forelimbs or upper limbs of ordinarily bipedal vertebrates, particularly humans and other primates. The term is sometimes restricted to the proximal part, from shoulder to elbow (the distal part is then called the forearm). In brachiating (tree-swinging) primates the arm is unusually long. [4 Related Articles]
- arm-and-body
- (from the article "automation") The manipulator can be divided into two sections: (1) an arm-and-body, which usually consists of three joints connected by large links, and (2) a wrist, consisting of two or three compact joints. Attached to the wrist is a gripper to grasp a work part or a tool (e.g., a spot-welding ...
- Arma
- (from the article "Luwian") ...religious beliefs of the Hittites and the Luwians were similar. The chief god in both systems was a god of thunderstorm and rain, called Tarhum (Tarhund) in Luwian. The moon god had the same name, Arma, in both languages. The presence of Luwian magical rituals in the Hittite capital indicates ...
- Armada
- the great fleet sent by King Philip II of Spain in 1588 to invade England in conjunction with a Spanish army from Flanders (now in Belgium). England's attempts to repel this fleet involved the first naval battles to be fought entirely with heavy guns, and the failure of Spain's enterprise ... [11 Related Articles]
- Armadillidium nasatum
- (from the article "pill bug") ...that also curls into a ball when disturbed. A. vulgare occurs in dry, sunny places, in leaf litter, and on the edges of wooded areas. Originally found in Europe, it now occurs worldwide. A. nasatum, native to northern Europe, has been introduced into North America. Armadillo officinalis (family Armadillidae), which ...
- armadillo
- any of various armoured mammals found mainly in tropical and subtropical regions of Central and South America. Most of the 20 species inhabit open areas, such as grasslands, but some also live in forests. All armadillos possess a set of plates called the carapace that covers much of the body, ... [4 Related Articles]
- armadillo lizard
- (species Cordylus cataphractus), a southern African member of the family Cordylidae, known for its defensive body posture. This lizard is about 25 cm (10 inches) long. When danger threatens, it forms a ball by rolling on its back and taking its tail in its mouth. Protected by hard, bony scales ... [2 Related Articles]
- Armadillo officinalis
- (from the article "pill bug") ...in leaf litter, and on the edges of wooded areas. Originally found in Europe, it now occurs worldwide. A. nasatum, native to northern Europe, has been introduced into North America. Armadillo officinalis (family Armadillidae), which attains lengths of 19 millimetres (0.75 inch), is native to southern Europe.
- Armageddon
- (probably Hebrew: "Hill of Megiddo"), in the New Testament, place where the kings of the earth under demonic leadership will wage war on the forces of God at the end of history. Armageddon is mentioned in the Bible only once, in the Revelation to John, or the Apocalypse of St. ...
- Armagh
- former (until 1973) county, Northern Ireland. It was bounded by Lake Neagh (north), former County Tyrone (northwest), former County Down (east), and by the Republic of Ireland (south and west). [1 Related Articles]
- Armagh
- (from the article "Armagh") Armagh district is located south of Lough (lake) Neagh and is bordered by the districts of Dungannon to the northwest, Craigavon to the northeast, Banbridge to the east, Newry and Mourne to the southeast, and the Republic of Ireland to the southwest. Southern Armagh district is rugged terrain that slopes ...
- Armagh
- city, seat, and district (established 1973), formerly in County Armagh, southern Northern Ireland. The hill fort of Ard Mhacha, around which modern Armagh city developed, became important in the 4th century. In the 5th century St. Patrick established his principal church in Ireland on the hill-fort site, which later became ... [2 Related Articles]
- Armagh, Book of
- (from the article "Ireland") A 9th-century record, the Book of Armagh, includes a work by Patrick himself, the Confessio ("Confession," a reply to charges made by British ecclesiastics), in which he describes his life at a Roman villa in Britain, his capture by Irish raiders, and his seven years of slavery in Ireland. Recovering ...
- Armagnac
- historic region of southwestern France, now contained in the departement of Gers. It is a region of hills reaching a height of 1,000 feet (300 m) and is drained by the Gers and other rivers, which descend fanwise from the Lannemezan Plateau. On the slopes of its hills grow the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Armagnac
- (from the article "brandy") ...also make brandy. Outstanding French brandies include cognac, from the Charente and Charente-Maritime departements of France, usually considered the finest of all brandies, and Armagnac, from the Gers region. The sherry-producing centres of Spain and the port-producing centres of Portugal are also known for brandy. Greek brandy includes Metaxa, sweetened ...
- Armagnac party
- (from the article "Berry, Jean de France, duc de") ...between the conflicting factions of John the Fearless, duke of Burgundy, and his own brother Louis, duc d'Orleans, Berry allied himself in 1410 with the Orleanist, later called the Armagnac, faction. After he was attacked by the Burgundians (1412), he resumed his role as mediator in the peace of Auxerre ...
- Armah, Ayi Kwei
- Ghanaian novelist whose work deals with corruption and materialism in contemporary Africa. [1 Related Articles]
- Armalite rifle
- any of several lightweight, small-calibre assault rifles designed by the American manufacturer Armalite, Inc. The first Armalite rifle, the AR-10, was a 7.62-millimetre, gas-operated weapon with a length of 40.5 inches (102.9 cm) and a weight of 8.8 pounds (4.0 kg). It did not survive its trials but did pave ...
- Armaments Corporation of South Africa
- (from the article "South Africa") ...1950 to make South Africa self-sufficient in petroleum resources by converting coal to gasoline and diesel fuel. After the United Nations (UN) placed a ban on arms exports to South Africa in 1964, Armaments Corporation of South Africa (Armscor) was created to produce high-quality military equipment.
- Arman
- French-born artist (b. Nov. 17, 1928, Nice, France-d. Oct. 22, 2005, New York, N.Y), was a founding member of the Nouveau Realisme movement in 1960s Paris and a master of found-object sculptures, into which he incorporated everyday machine-made objects-ranging from buttons and spoons to automobiles and boxes filled with trash. ...
- Armani, Giorgio
- Italian fashion designer whose signature style of relaxed yet luxurious ready-to-wear and elegant, intricately beaded evening wear helped introduce ease and streamlined modernity to late 20th-century dressing. [3 Related Articles]
- Armant
- ancient town in Upper Egypt, near Thebes on the west bank of the Nile River. It was the seat of a sun cult and was a crowning place of kings. The war god Mont was worshiped there in hawk-headed human form and also in his epiphany, the bull Buchis. Armant ...
- Armas, Plaza de
- (from the article "Havana") ...and plazas. Habaneros, as its residents are called, gather day and night under the sprawling trees of these many green areas. Through colonial times and almost to the end of the 19th century, the Plaza de Armas in Old Havana was the centre of Cuban life. Its most famous building, ...
- Armat loop
- (from the article "motion-picture technology") ...the tearing of sprocket holes. The eventual solution to this problem was the addition to the film path of a slack-forming loop that restrained the inertia of the take-up reel. When this so-called Latham loop was applied to cameras and projectors with intermittent movement, the growth and shrinkage of the ...
- Armat, Thomas
- (from the article "motion picture, history of the") ...by the summer of 1895, although it was still quite profitable for Edison as a supplier of films. Raff and Gammon persuaded Edison to buy the rights to a state-of-the-art projector, developed by Thomas Armat of Washington, D.C., which incorporated a superior intermittent movement mechanism and a loop-forming device (known ...
- armatole
- any of the Greeks who discharged certain military and police duties under Ottoman authority in districts known as armatoliks. This police organization had its origins in Byzantine times, when armatolismos was a form of feudalism under which military and police duties were rendered in return for a title to land. ... [2 Related Articles]
- Armatrading, Joan
- singer-songwriter, the first black among the first British females to make an impact performing her own compositions. First touted by the critics in the 1970s, she maintained a devoted audience into the 21st century, especially in the United Kingdom.
- armature
- (from the article "electric motor") Suppose a direct-current supply is connected to the armature terminals such that a current enters at the positive terminal. This current interacts with the magnetic flux to produce a counterclockwise torque, which in turn accelerates the rotor. When the rotor has turned about 120°, the connection from the supply to ...
- armature
- in sculpture, a skeleton or framework used by an artist to support a figure being modeled in soft plastic material. An armature can be made from any material that is damp-resistant and rigid enough to hold such plastic materials as moist clay and plaster, which are applied to and shaped ... [1 Related Articles]
- Armavir
- city, Krasnodar kray (region), southwestern Russia. It lies along the left bank of the Kuban River. Founded in 1839, Armavir became a town in 1914. It is a rail junction on the line from Rostov-na-Donu to Baku. A branch line runs southwestward from Armavir to the Black Sea coast at ...
- Armbruster, Peter
- On Feb. 9, 1996, German physicist Peter Armbruster and a multinational team of scientists at the Institute for Heavy Ion Research (GSI), Darmstadt, Ger., synthesized element 112, thereby attaining yet another goal in their quest to discover increasingly heavy chemical elements. Armbruster and physicist Sigurd Hofmann led the researchers who ...
- Armco Inc.
- American corporation first incorporated, as the American Rolling Mill Company, on Dec. 2, 1899. It was newly incorporated on June 29, 1917, and was subsequently renamed (using an acronym of the original) in 1948 and 1978 to reflect its diversified interests. Headquarters are in Middletown, Ohio.
- armed force
- (from the article "Dominican Republic") ...was no sign of a determined campaign against government corruption, a policy to cut back government expenditures was launched with the announcement that 130 generals and admirals from the bloated armed forces were being forced into early retirement.TABLES from Britannica Book of the Yearapproximate strengths of world armed forces1994
- Armed Forces Day
- public holiday observed in Egypt on October 6, celebrating the day in 1973 when combined Egyptian and Syrian military forces launched a surprise attack on Israel and crossed into the Sinai Peninsula, which marked the beginning of the October (Yom Kippur) War.
- armed forces intelligence
- (from the article "intelligence") Information on a potential enemy's armed forces-that is, personnel, training, equipment, bases, capabilities, manpower levels, disposition, readiness, and other factors pertaining to strength and effectiveness-is crucial for a nation that is about to enter combat. If the weaknesses can be exploited, then the conflict may be won more quickly and ...
- Armed Forces Movement
- (from the article "Portugal") ...wars in Africa could not be settled by force of arms and advocated negotiated autonomy for the colonies and an alternative to Caetano's leadership. Some 200 to 300 officers calling themselves the Armed Forces Movement (Movimento das Forcas Armadas; MFA), led by Francisco da Costa Gomes and other officers, planned ...
- Armed Forces Nurse Corps
- (from the article "Staupers, Mabel Keaton") Caribbean-American nurse and organization executive, most noted for her role in eliminating segregation in the Armed Forces Nurse Corps during World War II.
- Armed Forces of Angola
- (from the article "Angola") Angola's military, the Armed Forces of Angola (Forcas Armadas de Angolanas; FAA), includes the army, navy, and air force. The army is by far the largest segment of the FAA, with the navy and air force maintaining far fewer troops. The FAA was created by a 1991 agreement between the ...
- Armed Forces of the North
- (from the article "Chad") ...political factions. Libyan troops were brought in at President Goukouni Oueddei's request in December 1980 and were withdrawn, again at his request, in November 1981. In a reverse movement the Armed Forces of the North (FAN) of Hissene Habre, which had retreated into The Sudan in December 1980, reoccupied all ...
- Armed Forces Revolutionary Council
- (from the article "Sierra Leone") ...yet another coup as Maj. Johnny Paul Koroma seized power. Koroma, who attributed the previous government's failure to implement the Abidjan Agreement as the reason for the coup, formed the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (AFRC), which included members of the RUF, to rule the country; President Kabbah was sent into ...
- Armed Islamic Group
- (from the article "Algeria") The violence that had plagued Algeria over the past decade was contained during the year; the Armed Islamic Group (GIA) was eradicated from central Algeria, and the Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC) suffered heavy reverses in the eastern part of the country and to the east of Algiers. ...
- Armed Offenders Squad
- (from the article "police") ...carry firearms in New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom (except in Northern Ireland, where officers of the Police Service of Northern Ireland are armed). In New Zealand only the members of Armed Offenders Squads (AOS), which were established in 1964 after the fatal shooting of four police officers, are ...
- armee revolutionaire
- (from the article "France") ...as well as to carry out arrest warrants and guard political prisoners, the Convention authorized local authorities to create paramilitary forces. About 50 such armees revolutionnaires came into being as ambulatory instruments of the Terror in the provinces. Fraternizing with peasants and artisans in the hinterland, these ...
- Armengol Valenzuela, Pedro
- (from the article "Mercedarian") ...resulted in the Discalced Mercedarians, whose rule was approved in 1606 by Pope Paul V. The anticlerical mood of the 19th century came close to extinguishing the Mercedarians. In 1880, however, Pedro Armengol Valenzuela became master general, revised their constitution, and guided the order to educational, charitable, and social work, ...
- Armenia
- country of Transcaucasia, lying just south of the great mountain range of the Caucasus and fronting the northwestern extremity of Asia. To the north and east Armenia is bounded by Georgia and Azerbaijan, while its neighbours to the southeast and west are, respectively, Iran and Turkey. Naxcivan, an exclave of ... [50 Related Articles]
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