| | - Arevalo (Bermejo), Juan Jose
- president of Guatemala (1945-51), who pursued a nationalistic foreign policy while internally encouraging the labour movement and instituting far-reaching social reforms. [1 Related Articles]
- Arevalo Martinez, Rafael
- novelist, short-story writer, poet, diplomat, and director of Guatemala's national library for more than 20 years. Though Arevalo Martinez's fame has waned, he is still considered important because of his short stories, one in particular.
- Arevalo, Luis de
- (from the article "Churrigueresque") In the sacristy of the Cartuja of Granada (1727-64), Luis de Arevalo and Francisco Manuel Vasquez created an interior that, if not as delicate or as ingenious as that designed by Tome, is as typically Churrigueresque. The architects drew from other sources for the thick moldings, undulating lines, and repetition ...
- Arewelahayeren
- (from the article "Armenian language") ...hayeren), and Modern Armenian, or Asxarhabar (Ashkharhabar). Modern Armenian embraces two written varieties-Western Armenian (Arewmtahayeren) and Eastern Armenian (Arewelahayeren)-and many dialects are spoken. About 50 dialects were known before 1915, when the Armenian population of Turkey was drastically reduced by means of massacre and forced...
- Arewmtahayeren
- (from the article "Armenian language") ...Old Armenian (Grabar), Middle Armenian (Mijin hayeren), and Modern Armenian, or Asxarhabar (Ashkharhabar). Modern Armenian embraces two written varieties-Western Armenian (Arewmtahayeren) and Eastern Armenian (Arewelahayeren)-and many dialects are spoken. About 50 dialects were known before 1915, when the Armenian population of Turkey was drastically...
- Arezzo
- city, Toscana (Tuscany) regione, north-central Italy, in a fertile plain near the confluence of the Chiana and Arno rivers southeast of Florence. An important Etruscan city, it was known to the Romans as Arretium and was noted for its red-clay Arretine pottery. A flourishing commune in the Middle Ages, it ... [4 Related Articles]
- Arfe, Enrique de
- (from the article "metalwork") ...domestic silver; Spanish silversmiths, plateria, gave their name to the heavily ornamented style of the period, Plateresque. Using precious metal from the New World, goldsmiths such as Enrique and Juan de Arfe produced vast containers for the Host known as custodia. The most important Portuguese work, the Belem monstrance, created ...
- Arfe, Juan de
- (from the article "metalwork") ...Spanish silversmiths, plateria, gave their name to the heavily ornamented style of the period, Plateresque. Using precious metal from the New World, goldsmiths such as Enrique and Juan de Arfe produced vast containers for the Host known as custodia. The most important Portuguese work, the Belem monstrance, created by Gil ...
- Arfersiorfik Fjord
- fjord in western Greenland, extending east from Davis Strait to the inland icecap. It is 95 miles (152 km) long with a maximum width of 15 miles (24 km). Its arms receive several glaciers, including the Nordenskiolds. Niaqornaarsuk, a settlement on the northern shore near the fjord's mouth, was the ...
- Arfons, Art
- American automotive racer, three-time holder of the world's land-speed record for wheeled vehicles. [1 Related Articles]
- arfvedsonite
- amphibole mineral, an iron-rich sodium silicate. Lithium and magnesium replace iron in the structure to form eckermannite. Both minerals characteristically occur as dark-green crystals in alkali igneous rocks and their associated pegmatites. For chemical formula and detailed physical properties, see amphibole (table). [1 Related Articles]
- Arfwedson, Johan August
- (from the article "alkali metal") Lithium was discovered by the Swedish chemist Johan August Arfwedson in 1817 while analyzing the mineral petalite. The name lithium is derived from lithos, the Greek word for "stony." The element was not isolated in pure form until Davy produced a minute quantity by the electrolysis of ...
- Arg-e Bam
- (from the article "Bam") The modern city is located immediately to the south of the site of the ancient citadel (arg) Arg-e Bam, once one of the world's largest mud-brick complexes. Located on a hilltop, the citadel consisted of a series of three concentric walls made of mud brick and palm ...
- argali
- (Ovis ammon), the largest living wild sheep, found in the highlands of eastern Central Asia. It may stand 1.3 m (4 feet) high at the shoulders and weigh more than 140 kg (300 pounds). Large horns, present in the rams, are especially massive in the Pamir argali, or Marco Polo ... [1 Related Articles]
- Argall, Sir Samuel
- English sailor and adventurer who defended British colonists in North America against the French. [3 Related Articles]
- Argana Ferraro, Luis Maria
- Paraguayan vice president whose battle for power among the bitterly struggling factions of the ruling Colorado Party led to his assassination (b. Oct. 9, 1932, Asuncion, Paraguay-d. March 23, 1999, Asuncion).
- Argand burner
- first scientifically constructed oil lamp, patented in 1784 in England by a Swiss, Aime Argand. The first basic change in lamps in thousands of years, it applied a principle that was later adapted to gas burners. The Argand burner consisted of a cylindrical wick housed between two concentric metal tubes. ... [3 Related Articles]
- Argand diagram
- graphic portrayal of complex numbers, those of the form x + yI, in which x and y are real numbers and I is the square root of −1. It was devised by the Swiss mathematician Jean Robert Argand about 1806. A similar representation had been proposed by the Danish surveyor Caspar Wessel ... [1 Related Articles]
- Argand, Aime
- (from the article "Argand burner") first scientifically constructed oil lamp, patented in 1784 in England by a Swiss, Aime Argand. The first basic change in lamps in thousands of years, it applied a principle that was later adapted to gas burners. The Argand burner consisted of a cylindrical wick housed between two concentric metal tubes. ...
- Argand, Jean Robert
- (from the article "mathematics") ...a complex variable was also being decisively reformulated. At the start of the 19th century, complex numbers were discussed from a quasi-philosophical standpoint by several French writers, notably Jean-Robert Argand. A consensus emerged that complex numbers should be thought of as pairs of real numbers, with suitable rules for their ...
- Argaric Culture
- (from the article "Europe, history of") ...trade, with dense populations. These centres were widely spaced and were internally extremely different, ranging from places such as El Argar in Iberia to Wessex in southern England. Of these, the Argaric Culture in southeastern Iberia comprised nucleated village settlements similar to those from Los Millares but with even greater ...
- Argead Dynasty
- ruling house of ancient Macedonia from about 700 to about 311 BC; under their leadership the Macedonian kingdom was created and gradually gained predominance throughout Greece. From about 700 the founder of the dynasty, Perdiccas I, led the people who called themselves Macedonians eastward from their home on the Haliacmon ...
- Argelander, Friedrich Wilhelm August
- German astronomer who established the study of variable stars as an independent branch of astronomy and is renowned for his great catalog listing the positions and magnitudes of 324,188 stars. He studied at the University of Konigsberg, Prussia, where he was a pupil and later the successor of Friedrich Wilhelm ... [4 Related Articles]
- Argemone grandiflora
- (from the article "prickly poppy") A. hispida, of the Rocky Mountains, is densely prickled. Common garden species grown as annuals in sunny places are A. grandiflora, with large, cup-shaped, white or yellow blooms; the crested, or thistle, poppy (A. platyceras), with 6- to 10-centimetre, white or ...
- Argenlieu, Georges-Thierry d'
- (from the article "Vietnam") ...French and the Viet Minh, their policies were irreconcilable: the French aimed to reestablish colonial rule, while Hanoi wanted total independence. French intentions were revealed in the decision of Georges-Thierry d'Argenlieu, the high commissioner for Indochina, to proclaim Cochinchina an autonomous republic in June 1946. Further negotiations did not resolve ...
- Argens, Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, marquis d'
- French writer who helped disseminate the skeptical ideas of the Enlightenment by addressing his polemical writings on philosophy, religion, and history to a popular readership. Argens's writings simplified the unorthodox empirical reasoning of such Philosophes as Pierre Bayle, Bernard de Fontenelle, and Voltaire; the latter considered him an ally.
- Argenson, Rene-Louis de Voyer de Paulmy, marquis d'
- French minister of foreign affairs under King Louis XV from 1744 to 1747. The son of a lawyer, he received legal training and, from 1720 to 1724, served as intendant (royal agent) in Hainaut. As patron of the Club de l'Entresol in Paris, he discussed the political concepts of the ... [1 Related Articles]
- argent
- (from the article "heraldry") In a blazon (verbal description) of the arms, their field, or background layer, appears first. It may be one of the metals or (gold) or argent (silver), one of the colours gules (red), azure (blue), vert (green), purpure (purple), or sable (black), or one of the furs ermine (a white ...
- Argenta
- town, Emilia-Romagna region, northeastern Italy, on the Fiume (river) Reno, southeast of Ferrara city. It has some fine medieval and Renaissance buildings, including the churches of S. Domenico and S. Francesco, and a notable picture gallery. The town was flooded by the German forces during World War II. It is ...
- argentaffin cell
- one of the round or partly flattened cells occurring in the lining tissue of the digestive tract and containing granules thought to be of secretory function. These epithelial cells, though common throughout the digestive tract, are most concentrated in the small intestine and appendix. The cells locate randomly within the ...
- Argentan lace
- lace made at the French town of Argentan from the 17th century, when Louis XIV's minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert founded the lace industry. Characteristic of this lace is a net background consisting of a large hexagonal mesh, the six sides of which are worked over with buttonhole stitching. Flower patterns are ...
- Argentariorum, Porta
- (from the article "Western sculpture") ...the arch erected in 203 at the northern end of the Roman Forum are found crowded masses of small figures in broad bands of relief, perhaps reflecting a style of documentary painting; in the smaller Porta Argentariorum in Rome, erected by bankers and cattle dealers in honour of the Emperor ...
- Argenteuil
- town, Val-d'Oise departement, Ile-de-France region, northern France. It lies along the north bank of the Seine River, northwest of Paris. The town's name comes from silver (argent) deposits exploited there by the Gauls. Argenteuil grew up around a convent that was ...
- Argentia
- village, southeastern Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The village is situated along the west coast of the Avalon Peninsula just to the north of the town of Placentia and overlooks Placentia Bay.
- argentier
- (from the article "Coeur, Jacques") ...experience in financial operations and on a commercial trip to the Middle East. After Paris was recovered from the English by Charles VII, Coeur won the confidence of the king and became an argentier (steward of the royal expenditure and banker of the court) and then a member of the ...
- Argentina
- country of South America, covering most of the southern portion of the continent. The world's eighth largest country, Argentina occupies an area more extensive than Mexico and the U.S. state of Texas combined. It encompasses immense plains, deserts, tundra, and forests, as well as tall mountains, rivers, and thousands of ... [75 Related Articles]
- Argentina silus
- (from the article "argentine") ...family Argentinidae, small, outwardly smeltlike fishes found in deeper waters of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The family is usually placed in the order Osmeriformes. Argentines of the species Argentina silus are silvery fishes about 45 cm (18 inches) long; they live about 145-545 m (480-1,800 feet) below the surface ...
- Argentina, flag of
- horizontally striped celeste-white-celeste national flag, often including a central golden sun. Its width-to-length ratio varies: proportions of 1 to 2 and of 9 to 14 are commonly used on land, while the ratio 2 to 3 is used at sea. [1 Related Articles]
- Argentina, history of
- (from the article "Argentina") The following discussion focuses on events in Argentina from the time of European settlement. For events in a regional context, see Latin America, history of. Events that affected northwestern Argentina prior to the 16th century are described in pre-Columbian civilizations: Andean civilization.20th-century political developments
- Argentina, La
- dancer who originated the Neoclassical style of Spanish dancing and helped establish the Spanish dance as a theatrical art. [2 Related Articles]
- Argentine
- (from the article "Kansas City") ...The settlement of Armstrong grew on a hill south of Wyandotte. North of the Kansas River an industrial district, Armourdale, named for a meatpacking plant, was laid out in 1880. South of the Kansas, Argentine grew up around the Santa Fe Railway shops and rail yards and became the site ...
- argentine
- any fish of the family Argentinidae, small, outwardly smeltlike fishes found in deeper waters of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The family is usually placed in the order Osmeriformes. Argentines of the species Argentina silus are silvery fishes about 45 cm (18 inches) long; they live about 145-545 m (480-1,800 ...
- Argentine Abyssal Plain
- (from the article "Argentine Basin") submarine basin in the floor of the Atlantic Ocean, lying directly east of Argentina. Its deepest sections, the western and southwestern margins, are called the Argentine Abyssal Plain and reach a maximum depth of 20,381 feet (6,212 m). The basin is bounded by the Rio Grande Rise (north), the Mid-Atlantic ...
- Argentine Basin
- submarine basin in the floor of the Atlantic Ocean, lying directly east of Argentina. Its deepest sections, the western and southwestern margins, are called the Argentine Abyssal Plain and reach a maximum depth of 20,381 feet (6,212 m). The basin is bounded by the Rio Grande Rise (north), the Mid-Atlantic ...
- Argentine Confederation
- (from the article "Parana") ...with which it is connected by a subfluvial road tunnel. Founded as a parish in 1730 and formerly called Bajada de Santa Fe, the city had little importance until 1853, when it was made capital of the Argentine Confederation. Until 1862, while Buenos Aires was separated from the confederation, Parana ...
- Argentine Museum of Natural Sciences
- national museum (founded 1823) in Buenos Aires. It has zoological, botanical, and geological departments. [1 Related Articles]
- Argentine Naval Transport Command
- (from the article "Antarctica") ...and these have been increasingly exploited since the late 1950s. The tourist industry began in a modest way in January and February 1958, with tours to the Antarctic Peninsula area arranged by the Argentine Naval Transport Command. Since January 1966, yearly tourist ships have plied Antarctic coastal waters, stopping here ...
- Argentine side-necked turtle
- (from the article "turtle") ...head. His forefeet vibrate, and the rapid, light touch of the claws titillates the female. In a few species, including the Asian river turtle, or batagur (Batagur baska), and the Argentine side-necked turtle (Phrynops hilarii), the male develops bright head and trunk colours that signal his reproductive readiness and possibly ...
- Argentino, Lake
- (from the article "Santa Cruz") ...km) and includes the Andean divide between Pacific and Atlantic drainage. Los Glaciares National Park, which lies farther south and has an area of 1,722 square miles (4,459 square km), including Lake Argentino, was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1981. Petrified Forest National Monument (1954) covers nearly 14 ...
- Argentinosaurus
- (from the article "Georgia") ...symphony orchestra and a professional resident theatre, both of which have premiered new works. The city's Fernbank Museum of Natural History (1992) was in 2001 the first to display a specimen of Argentinosaurus, believed to be the world's largest dinosaur, and the Georgia Aquarium opened in Atlanta in 2005. Atlanta ...
- argentite
- (from the article "Sulfide minerals") Argentite is the high-temperature form of acanthite. Like several other sulfides, selenides, and tellurides of silver and copper, argentite forms isometric crystals at high temperatures. Upon cooling these crystals invert from isometric (cubic) to monoclinic structures while remaining unchanged in external appearance. For detailed physical properties, see sulfide mineral (table).
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