(from the article "strip mining") The common strip-mining techniques are classified as area mining or contour mining on the basis of the deposit geometry and type. The cycle of operations for both techniques consists of vegetation clearing, soil removal, drilling and blasting of overburden (if needed), stripping, removal of the coal or other mineral commodity, ...
(from the article "nervous system, human") ...to hormones such as angiotensin II and signals that changes are needed for the regulation of salt and water balance. Both regions project directly to vasopressin-producing hypothalamic neurons. The area postrema, which lies on the floor of the fourth ventricle in the medulla oblongata, is also involved as a special ...
(from the article "statistics") ...a simple random sample of clusters is selected and then a simple random sample is selected from the units in each sampled cluster. One of the primary applications of cluster sampling is called area sampling, where the clusters are counties, townships, city blocks, or other well-defined geographic sections of the ...
(from the article "coal mining") Surface techniques can be broadly classified into (1) contour strip mining, (2) area strip mining, (3) open-pit mining, and (4) auger mining.
(from the article "palm") Stamens, though most often 6 in number, may rarely be 3 (Areca triandra, Geonoma triandra, Nypa fruticans) or more numerous, ranging from 6 to 36 in Heterospathe, to more than 200 in such groups as Caryota, Phytelephas, and Veitchia. Sterile stamens may differ only...
order of flowering plants that contains only one family, Arecaceae (also known as Palmae), which comprises the palms. Nearly 2,400 species in 189 genera are known. The order includes some of the most important plants in terms of economic value.
town, northern Puerto Rico. It lies on a small inlet near the mouth of the Arecibo River. One of the oldest municipalities in the commonwealth, it was authorized in 1537 by the Spanish crown and settled in 1556. In 1616 it was chartered as a town and in 1778 received ...
astronomical observatory located 16 km (10 miles) south of the town of Arecibo in Puerto Rico; it is the site of the world's largest single-unit radio telescope. This instrument, built in the early 1960s, employs a 305-metre (1,000-foot) spherical reflector consisting of perforated aluminum panels that focus incoming radio waves ... [4 Related Articles]
river in west-central Puerto Rico. The Arecibo River rises in the Cordillera Central just east of Mount Guilarte. It flows north-northeast about 40 miles (65 km) through a coffee-growing region and descends across the northern coastal plain to empty into the Atlantic Ocean just east of the port of Arecibo. ...
(from the article "Native American religions") The length of shamanic training varies widely from one South American culture to another. Among the Arecuna and Taulipang, Cariban groups of Venezuela and Brazil, the shamanic novitiate is reported to last from 10 to 20 years. In other traditions, by contrast, knowledge might be transmitted to the novice in ...
(from the article "Spain") ...Arias Navarro, the former minister of the interior, was selected as the new premier. His government saw a fierce struggle between reformists, led by Manuel Fraga and the new foreign minister, Jose Maria de Areilza, who wished to "open" the regime by limited democratization from above, and the "bunker" mentality ...
(from the article "Greece") The judicial system is essentially the Roman law system prevalent in continental Europe. The two highest courts are the Supreme Court (Areios Pagos), which deals with civil and criminal cases, and the Council of State (Symvoulion Epikrateias), which is responsible for disputes arising out of administration. A Court of State ...
(from the article "Celtic literature") ...(c. 1100), drawing on material akin to that of the "Four Branches," appears to have kept closer to the oral tale, but his inferior stylistics presaged the later decadent areithiau ("rhetorics"), which were in part parodies of the Mabinogion. Three of the Mabinogion tales, "Owain" (or "The Lady of the ...
(from the article "Latin American music") Like the Mesoamerican and Andean peoples, the Caribbean Indians used music in ritual observances. Early Spanish observers reported that the areito music-dance ceremony in Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico involved the performance of chants in call-and-response style, accompanied by rattles of the maracas type, scrapers ...
(consecrated March 25, 1305) small chapel built in the first years of the 14th century in Padua, Italy, by Enrico Scrovegni and containing frescoes by the Florentine painter Giotto (see ). A "Last Judgment" covers the entire west wall. The rest of the chapel is covered with frescoes in three ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Football") The 13-3 San Jose SaberCats won the Arena Football League championship 55-33 over 7-9 Columbus, which ended Dallas's record 15-1 season with a play-off upset. Hamburg won the final NFL Europa championship as the NFL closed its 16-year-old developmental league after having renamed it and having disbanded all but one ...
(from the article "directing") A promising development was the establishment of regional theatres in and around the bigger centres of population. Pioneering theatres such as the Arena Stage in Washington, D.C., and the Alley Theatre in Houston, Texas, provided forums not only for a wide repertoire of world theatre but also for new playwrights ...
(from the article "Arnhem") gemeente (municipality), eastern Netherlands, on the north bank of the Lower Rhine (Neder Rijn) River. Possibly the site of the Roman settlement of Arenacum, it was first mentioned in 893. Chartered and fortified in 1233 by Otto II, count of Geldern, it joined the Hanseatic League in 1443. As the ...
(from the article "Major volcanoes of the world") ...the Continental Divide in northwestern Costa Rica. It extends 70 miles (113 km) northwest-southeast and reaches a high point in the dormant Miravalles Volcano (6,627 feet [2,020 metres]). The Arenal Volcano erupted in 1968, covering the area with hot ash, destroying pasture, wiping out two villages, and forcing the slaughter ...
(from the article "virus") ...in Congo (Kinshasa) and The Sudan have not been traced to monkeys. Instead, these infections are suspected to have been transmitted from fruit-eating bats.Enveloped virions 100-200 nm in diameter with a helical nucleocapsid in 2 segments containing negative-strand RNA, an endogenous RNA polymerase, and small...viral hemorrhagic fevers
long-period comet remarkable for its anomalous second tail, which projects toward rather than away from the Sun. It was one of the brightest naked-eye comets of the 20th century. It was discovered photographically on the night of Nov. 8-9, 1956, by S. Arend and P. Roland at the Royal Observatory, ...
town and port, southern Norway. Its excellent harbour is on Tromoy Sound, a protected sound sheltered by the offshore island of Tromoy. A port since the 14th century, Arendal had the largest fleet in Norway before the steamship era. From the 16th century it prospered from timber exports. Some timber ... [1 Related Articles]
German-born American political scientist and philosopher known for her critical writing on Jewish affairs and her study of totalitarianism. [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "hydrocarbon") These compounds are hydrocarbons that contain a benzene ring as a structural unit. In addition to benzene, other examples include toluene and naphthalene.
(from the article "palm") ...in northern South America are sought by fish and by the electric eel (Electrophorus electricus). Wild dogs (family Canidae) and palm civets (Paradoxurus) devour fruits of Arenga and Caryota in Asia. Studies of fruit dispersal are in their infancy, but a large number of interesting associations have been noted.
(from the article "lugworm") ...are often quite large. Fishermen use them as bait. Adult lugworms of the coast of Europe (e.g., A. marina) attain lengths of about 23 cm (9 inches). The lugworm of the coasts of North America (A. cristata) ranges in length from 7.5 to 30 cm.
any sedimentary rock that consists of sand-sized particles (0.06-2 millimetres [0.0024-0.08 inch] in diameter), irrespective of composition. More formal nomenclature of such rocks is based on composition, particle size, and mode of origin-e.g., sandstone, quartzite, lithic arenite, and feldspathic arenite. [2 Related Articles]
one of the 30 soil groups in the classification system of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Arenosols are sandy-textured soils that lack any significant soil profile development. They exhibit only a partially formed surface horizon (uppermost layer) that is low in humus, and they are bereft of subsurface clay ...
(from the article "art criticism") ...Herald, described Marcel Duchamp's controversial painting Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 as a "cyclone in a shingle factory." Yet the millionaire Walter Arensberg supported Duchamp, a gesture that was a harbinger of the coziness that would develop between art and money, fueled in part by the ...
(from the article "pregnancy") ...women who have been pregnant before are made aware of their condition by the feeling that they have in their breasts. As pregnancy progresses the breasts become larger, the lightly pigmented area (areola) around each nipple becomes first florid or dusky in colour and then appreciably darker; during the later ...
(from the article "cactus") Cacti can be distinguished from other succulent plants by the presence of areoles, small cushionlike structures with hairs and, in almost all species, spines or barbed bristles (glochids). Areoles are modified branches, from which flowers, more branches, and leaves (when present) may grow.
earliest aristocratic council of ancient Athens. The name was taken from the Areopagus ("Ares' Hill"), a low hill northwest of the Acropolis, which was its meeting place. [5 Related Articles]
(from the article "Athens") On the Hill of Ares, the god of war, to the right of the descent from the Propylaea, a legendary jury of gods spared Ares from execution for the murder of the sea god Poseidon's son. Trials for homicide continued to be heard on this hill through the ages, and ...
city, southern Peru, in the Chili River valley of the Andes Mountains. Arequipa lies at more than 7,550 feet (2,300 metres) above sea level, at the foot of the dormant cone of Misti Volcano, which reaches an elevation of 19,098 feet (5,821 metres). Flanking Misti are Mounts Chachani and Pichupichu. ... [1 Related Articles]
in Greek religion, god of war or, more properly, the spirit of battle. Unlike his Roman counterpart, Mars (q.v.), he was never very popular, and his worship was not extensive in Greece. He represented the distasteful aspects of brutal warfare and slaughter. From at least the time of Homer, who ... [2 Related Articles]
family of two launch vehicles, Ares I and Ares V, being built for the Constellation program, the manned U.S. spaceflight program scheduled to succeed the space shuttle program and focus on missions to the Moon and Mars. In June 2006 the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) named the launchers ...
Greek physician from Cappadocia who practiced in Rome and Alexandria, led a revival of Hippocrates' teachings, and is thought to have ranked second only to the father of medicine himself in the application of keen observation and ethics to the art. In principle he adhered to the pneumatic school of ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "biblical literature") ...of the prophets Elijah and Elisha told in order that faith might be inspired or justified. A miracle worker (theios aner, "divine man") and stories about him comprised an aretalogy (from arete, "virtue"; also manifestation of divine power, miracle). Aretalogies were frequently used to represent the essential creed and belief ...
(from the article "Nabataean") ...and extended its frontiers to the north and east and probably to the south along the eastern coast of the Red Sea. The Nabataeans occupied Hawran, and shortly after 85 BC their king Aretas III ruled Damascus and Coele Syria (Lebanon). Upon the Roman general Pompey's entry into Palestine (63 ...
(from the article "Arabian religion") ...attested from the beginning of the 4th century BC. In spite of their Arab origin, they used an Aramaic dialect as their written language. At the time of their greatest wealth and power, under Aretas IV (8 BC-40 AD), their territory extended from Al-Hijr in the south, northward past Petra, ...
(French: "ridge"), in geology, a sharp-crested serrate ridge separating the heads of opposing valleys (cirques) that formerly were occupied by Alpine glaciers. It has steep sides formed by the collapse of unsupported rock, undercut by continual freezing and thawing (glacial sapping; see cirque). Two opposing glaciers meeting at an arete ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "education") ...was already emerging. Dance, poetry, and instrumental music were well developed and provided an essential element in the educational formation of the dominant elites. In addition, the idea of arete was becoming central to Greek life. The epics of Hesiod and Homer glorified physical and military prowess ...
(from the article "Apologist") The few early manuscripts of the works of the early Apologists that have survived owe their existence primarily to Byzantine scholars. In 914 Arethas, bishop of Caesarea Cappadociae, had a collection of early apologies copied for his library. Many of the later manuscripts were copied in the 16th century, when ...
Italian poet, prose writer, and dramatist celebrated throughout Europe in his time for his bold and insolent literary attacks on the powerful. His fiery letters and dialogues are of great biographical and topical interest. [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "Antigonus II Gonatas") ...the straits and the supply of grain from the southern Russian region, Macedonia-its vigour restored-needed only to gain mastery over the Aegean Sea. To avert this danger, King Areus of Sparta and the city of Athens-urged on by Ptolemy II of Egypt-declared a war for the liberation of Greece (the ...
(from the article "Niger") On July 27 Dominque Pin, the operations director of the French uranium mining company Areva, was expelled from Niger without explanation. Thousands of demonstrators marched through Niamey on September 6 demanding the total expulsion of Areva, claiming that it was supporting the MNJ. Niger remained the world's third leading producer ...
a Celtiberian tribe, formed by the mingling of Iberians and migrating Celts in the 6th century BC, who inhabited an area near Numantia and Uxama in what is now Spain. The Celtiberians excelled at horsemanship, fighting, and metalworking. They wore sewn garments made of woven and dyed cloth.
