| | - apotheosis
- elevation to the status of a god. The term (from Greek apotheoun, "to make a god," "to deify") implies a polytheistic conception of gods while it recognizes that some individuals cross the dividing line between gods and men. [2 Related Articles]
- apotropaic eye
- a painting of an eye or eyes used as a symbol to ward off evil, appearing most commonly on Greek black-figured drinking vessels called kylikes ("eye cups"), from the 6th century BC. The exaggeratedly large eye on these cups may have been thought to prevent dangerous spirits from entering the ...
- apotropaic name
- (from the article "name") ...are (or were) sometimes given "bad" names with meanings like "ugly," "disagreeable," or "crippled." The purpose of such names, which are called apotropaic names, is to make the child undesirable to demons.
- apotropaic power
- (from the article "percussion instrument") With the exception of clappers, all these instruments were of bronze; as such they were credited with the apotropaic powers (the special protective powers against evil) accorded this metal in the East. For example, both in various Asian islands and in Greece, it was customary to "sound the
- Apoyeque, Laka
- (from the article "Nicaragua") Other lakes in the Pacific watershed include Lake Apoyo, near Lake Masaya; Lake Apoyeque, picturesquely located between two peaks on Chiltepe Point, which juts into Lake Managua; and the artificial Lake Apanas on the Tuma River, which generates much of the electricity consumed in the Pacific zone.
- Appa Sherpa
- (from the article "Nepal") Two Nepalese set world records on Mt. Everest in 2004. Pemba Dorji Sherpa ascended in a record 8 hr 10 min in May, while Appa Sherpa scaled Everest for a record 14th time.
- Appalachian gametophyte
- (from the article "Hymenophyllaceae") ...through small vegetative offsets (gemmae) that are dispersed by air currents to new sites. Even more amazing is the fact that there exists a second unrelated species, Vittaria appalachiana (Appalachian gametophyte), which occupies similar habitats in roughly the same range and is also incapable of completing its sexual life cycle ...
- Appalachian Geosyncline
- (from the article "Acadian orogeny") ...an area from present-day New York to Newfoundland during the Devonian Period (416 to 359.2 million years ago). Originally a depositional fore-arc basin formed from what was formerly known as the Appalachian Geosyncline; subsequent compressional orogenic activity caused the deposits to be folded as a mountain chain. This activity began ...
- Appalachian Highlands
- (from the article "Appalachian Highlands") the regions of the Ridge and Valley, Blue Ridge, Piedmont (qq.v.), and Appalachian Plateau in the eastern United States.for more specific content on this topicAppalachian PlateauBlue Ridge
- Appalachian Highway Corridor
- (from the article "West Virginia") ...growth. The landscape is still a formidable obstacle, but good progress has been made. Interstate highways that cross the state have improved internal travel and economic development. Roads of the Appalachian Highway Corridor, a project funded in part by the ARC, have been instrumental in completing the network of other ...
- Appalachian Mountains
- great highland system of North America, the eastern counterpart of the Rocky Mountains. Extending for almost 2,000 miles (3,200 kilometres) from the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador to central Alabama in the United States, they form a natural barrier between the eastern Coastal Plain and the vast Interior Lowlands ... [29 Related Articles]
- Appalachian National Scenic Trail
- mountain footpath in the eastern United States extending from northeast to southwest for 2,174 miles (3,499 km) along the crest of the Appalachian Mountains, from Mount Katahdin, Maine, to Springer Mountain, Georgia. The trail passes through 14 states (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, ... [3 Related Articles]
- Appalachian orogenic belt
- an old mountain range that extends for more than 3,000 km (1,860 miles) along the eastern margin of North America from Alabama in the southern United States to Newfoundland, Canada, in the north. The geosynclinal theory of mountain building was first worked out in the Appalachians by James Dana and ... [1 Related Articles]
- Appalachian Plateau
- plateau in the northeastern United States, extending from the Adirondacks in the north through New York, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Alabama to the Gulf Coastal Plain in the south. It lies between the Central Lowlands to the west and the Ridge and Valley region to the east. ... [3 Related Articles]
- Appalachian Regional Commission
- U.S. federal-state agency established by Congress in 1965 to promote development in Appalachia. The region, which lies across the spine of the Appalachian Mountains, runs from southern New York to northern Mississippi. As defined by the commission, it has an area of 200,000 square miles (518,000 square km) and includes ... [1 Related Articles]
- Appalachian Regional Development Act
- (from the article "United States") ...Deal. He outlined his plan for achieving a "Great Society" in his 1965 State of the Union address, and over the next two years he persuaded Congress to approve most of his proposals. The Appalachian Regional Development Act provided aid for that economically depressed area. The Housing and Urban Development ...
- Appalachian State University
- (from the article "Football") The unprecedented season of upsets began on the first full weekend, when Appalachian State (N.C.) won 34-32 over Michigan (9-4), the first of 13 games that top-five teams lost to unranked teams. The 13-2 Mountaineers went on to win the lower-budget Football Championship Subdivision (FCS; formerly Division I-AA) title, their ...
- Appalachian Trail Conference
- (from the article "hiking") ...and national undertakings. They also help hikers to obtain hostel accommodation and, by exchange of information and services, enable persons of one country to pursue these activities in others. The Appalachian Trail Conference (U.S.), with the aid of its member organizations in 14 states, maintains campsites and a trail more ...
- Appalachian Uplands
- (from the article "Quebec") Stretching from the Gaspe Peninsula to the border of the United States, Quebec's Appalachian Uplands region is the northern extension of the Appalachian Mountains. It is covered with forested hills, arable plateaus, and high plains, undulating and rising to the higher mountain ranges of the United States. This region also ...
- Appaloosa
- colour breed of horse popular in the United States. The breed is said to have descended in the Nez Perce Indian territory of North America from wild mustangs, which in turn descended from Spanish horses brought in by explorers. The name derives from the Palouse River of Idaho and Washington. ... [3 Related Articles]
- appanage
- in France, primarily before the Revolution, the provision of lands within the royal domain, or in some cases of pensions, to the children of the royal family so that they might live in a style corresponding to their position in society. Appanages were established to provide for the younger brothers ... [1 Related Articles]
- appanage period
- (from the article "education") The next epoch in Russian history is known as the appanage period. This period runs roughly from the decline of Kiev in the 11th century to the rise of the grand principality of Moscow (Muscovy) in the 14th century. It was characterized by the appearance of numerous autonomous fiefdoms and ...
- Appar
- (from the article "South Asian arts") The most important Nayanars were Appar and Campantar, in the 7th century, and Cuntarar, in the 8th. Appar, a self-mortifying Jain ascetic before he became a Saiva saint, sings of his conversion to a religion of love, surprised by the Lord stealing into his heart. After him, the term tevaram ...
- apparat
- (from the article "Czechoslovak region, history of") Although Alexander Dubcek subsequently became the chief reformer, he was not particularly qualified for this role. He was a young Slovak who made his way into politics through the party apparat. People did not expect much from him, and for a month nothing seems to have happened. As the representative ...
- apparent magnitude
- (from the article "star") Stellar brightnesses are usually expressed by means of their magnitudes, a usage inherited from classical times. A star of the first magnitude is about 2.5 times as bright as one of the second magnitude, which in turn is some 2.5 times as bright as one of the third magnitude, and ...
- apparent solar time
- (from the article "solar time") time measured by Earth's rotation relative to the Sun. Apparent solar time is that measured by direct observation of the Sun or by a sundial. Mean solar time, kept by most clocks and watches, is the solar time that would be measured by observation if the Sun traveled at a ...
- Appaya Diksita
- (from the article "Indian philosophy") ...("Lights on Siva") in the 14th century, Srikantha's commentary on the Vedanta-sutras (14th century), and Appaya Diksita's commentary thereon. This school admits three categories (padarthas): God (Siva or Pati, Lord), soul (pasu), and the bonds...
- appeal
- the resort to a higher court to review the decision of a lower court, or to a court to review the order of an administrative agency. In varying forms, all legal systems provide for some type of appeal. [7 Related Articles]
- Appeal, Court of
- in England and Wales, part of the Supreme Court of Judicature and the highest court below the House of Lords. Its courtrooms are in London in the Royal Courts of Justice. The Court of Appeal consists of a number of lords justices (some 25 in 2003) who are legally eligible ... [2 Related Articles]
- appearance
- (from the article "rhetoric") ...association enables one to pass from the fact that an act is courageous to the consequence that the agent is a courageous person. Argumentation leads to the dissociation of concepts if appearance is opposed to reality. Normally, reality is perceived through appearances that are taken as signs referring to it. ...
- appearing, theory of
- (from the article "epistemology") Sense-data theory was criticized by proponents of the so-called theory of appearing, such as G.A. Paul and W.H.F. Barnes, who claimed that the arguments for their existence are invalid. From the fact that a penny looks elliptical from a certain perspective, they objected, it does not follow that there must ...
- appeasement policy
- (from the article "international relations") British appeasement and American isolationisminternational relationsHitler's war or Chamberlain's?...in France and Britain against those who had failed to stand up to Hitler, and the United States and the U.S.S.R. alike were later to invoke the lessons of the 1930s to ...
- Appel, Karel
- Dutch painter of turbulent, colourful, and semiabstract compositions, who was a cofounder (1948) of the COBRA group of northern European Expressionists. He was also a noted sculptor and graphic artist. [2 Related Articles]
- Appel, Kenneth
- (from the article "four-colour map problem") The four-colour problem was solved in 1977 by a group of mathematicians at the University of Illinois, directed by Kenneth Appel and Wolfgang Haken, after four years of unprecedented synthesis of computer search and theoretical reasoning. Appel and Haken created a catalog of 1,936 "unavoidable" configurations, at least one of ...
- Appelfeld, Aharon
- novelist and short-story writer who is best known for his Hebrew-language allegorical novels of the Holocaust. [1 Related Articles]
- appellate court
- (from the article "United States") Democrats continued to throw up roadblocks to Bush appellate court nominees deemed excessively conservative, preventing 10 of 34 named by Bush during his first term from gaining an up-or-down vote on the Senate floor. The gridlock became an issue in the fall elections, with Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist, in ...
- appellate jurisdiction
- (from the article "competence and jurisdiction") Examples of judicial jurisdiction include appellate jurisdiction, in which a superior tribunal is invested with the legal power to correct, if it so decides, legal errors made in a lower court; concurrent jurisdiction, in which jurisdiction may be exercised by two or more courts over the same matter, within the ...
- appendage
- (from the article "skeleton") Paired appendages are not found in ancestral vertebrates and are not present in the modern cyclostomes (e.g., lampreys, hagfishes). Appendages first appeared during the early evolution of the fishes. Usually two pairs of appendages are present, fins in fish and limbs in land vertebrates. Each appendage includes not only the ...
- appendectomy
- (from the article "appendix") The basic treatment of appendicitis is the surgical removal of the appendix in a minor operation called an appendectomy. The operation itself requires little more than a half hour under anesthesia and produces relatively little postoperative discomfort. If a diagnosis of acute appendicitis cannot immediately be made with reasonable certainty, ...
- appendicitis
- (from the article "appendicitis") inflammation of the appendix.major referenceappendix...appendix remain u
- appendicular locomotion
- (from the article "locomotion") Movement in animals is achieved by two types of locomotion, axial and appendicular. In axial locomotion, which includes the hydraulic ramjet method of ejecting water (e.g., squid), production of a body wave (eel), or the contract-anchor-extend method (leech), the body shape is modified, and the interaction of the entire body ...
- appendicular skeleton
- (from the article "skeletal system, human") ...origins distinct from the others and each presenting certain individual features. These are (1) the axial, comprising the vertebral column-the spine-and much of the skull, and (2) the appendicular, to which the pelvic (hip) and pectoral (shoulder) girdles and the bones and cartilages of the limbs belong. Discussed in this ...
- appendix
- in anatomy, a vestigial hollow tube that is closed at one end and is attached at the other end to the cecum, a pouchlike beginning of the large intestine into which the small intestine empties its contents. It is not clear whether the appendix serves any useful purpose in humans. ... [1 Related Articles]
- appendix epiploicae
- (from the article "digestive system, human") ...muscle fibres. Because the taeniae are slightly shorter than the large intestine, the intestinal wall constricts and forms circular furrows of varying depths called haustra, or sacculations. The appendices epiploicae are collections of fatty tissue beneath the covering membrane. On the ascending and descending colon, they are usually found in ...
- Appenzell
- canton, northeastern Switzerland, consisting of two autonomous half cantons. Appenzell is entirely surrounded by present-day Sankt Gallen canton. It was first mentioned by name in 1071 as Abbatis Cella, in reference to its rulers, the abbots (later prince abbots) of Sankt Gallen. As early as 1377, however, this portion of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Appenzell
- capital of the Halbkanton (demicanton) of Appenzell Inner-Rhoden, northeastern Switzerland, in the Sitter Valley, south of Sankt Gallen. Originally a possession of the abbey of Sankt Gallen, it was the traditional capital of the Appenzell region and became the capital of Inner-Rhoden after the canton was divided ...
- Appenzell Ausser-Rhoden
- Halbkanton (demicanton), comprising the northern and western parts of former Appenzell canton, northeastern Switzerland. It has an area of 94 square miles (243 square km) and was divided for religious reasons from Appenzell Inner-Rhoden demicanton in 1597. Its constitution dates from 1908, and its capital and largest ... [1 Related Articles]
- Appenzell Inner-Rhoden
- Halbkanton (demicanton), comprising the southern part of former Appenzell canton, northeastern Switzerland, at the north foot of the Santis Peak. It has an area of 67 square miles (172 square km) and was divided from Appenzell Ausser-Rhoden demicanton in 1597 for religious reasons. Its constitution dates from ... [1 Related Articles]
- apperception
- (from the article "attention") Psychologists began to study attention in the latter part of the 19th century. Before this time, philosophers had typically considered attention within the context of apperception (the mechanism by which new ideas became associated with existing ideas). Thus Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz suggested that one's loss of awareness of the constant ...
- Appert, House of
- (from the article "Appert, Nicolas") ...et vegetales (The Art of Preserving All Kinds of Animal and Vegetable Substances for Several Years). He used the money to establish the first commercial cannery, the House of Appert, at Massy, which operated from 1812 until 1933. Appert also developed the bouillon tablet, devised a nonacid gelatin-extraction method, and ...
- Appert, Nicolas
- French chef, confectioner, and distiller who invented the method of preserving food by enclosing it in hermetically sealed containers. Inspired by the French Directory's offer of a prize for a way to conserve food for transport, Appert began a 14-year period of experimentation in 1795. Using corked-glass containers reinforced with ... [2 Related Articles]
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