| | - Antandroy
- a Malagasy people living in southernmost Madagascar. Numbering about 500,000 in the late 20th century, the Antandroy ("People of the Thorn Bush") speak one of the Malagasy languages, a group of closely related Western Austronesian languages; Antandroy chiefs claim Indian origins. The Antandroy maintained their independence from interior or western ...
- Antar, Romance of
- tales of chivalry centred on the Arab desert poet and warrior 'Antarah ibn Shaddad, one of the poets of the celebrated pre-Islamic collection Al-Mu'allaqat.
- Antara
- (from the article "Malik, Adam") Malik was jailed by the Dutch in the 1930s for being a member of the nationalist group that sought independence for the Dutch East Indies. In 1937 he founded the Indonesian news agency Antara, which originally served as an organ of the nationalist press. During World War II he was ...
- Antarctic beech
- (from the article "beech") The wavy-leaved Antarctic beech, or nire (Nothofagus antarctica), and the roble beech (N. obliqua), both 30-m trees native to Chile and Argentina, differ from other species of false beech in being deciduous; they are planted as ornamentals on other continents. The pink-brown hardwood of the Antarctic beech is used in ...
- Antarctic Bottom Water
- (from the article "Antarctica") ...Surface Water sinks to about 3,000 feet beneath warmer Subantarctic Surface Water along the Antarctic Convergence to become the Subantarctic Intermediate Water. This water mass, as well as the cold Antarctic Bottom Water, spreads far north beyond the Equator to exchange with waters of the Northern Hemisphere. The movement of ...
- Antarctic Circle
- parallel, or line of latitude around the Earth, at 66°30' S. Because the Earth's axis is inclined about 23.5° from the vertical, this parallel marks the northern limit of the area within which, for one day or more each year, at the summer and winter solstices, the Sun does not ... [2 Related Articles]
- Antarctic Circumpolar Current
- surface oceanic current encircling Antarctica and flowing from west to east. Affected by adjacent landmasses, submarine topography, and prevailing winds, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current is irregular in width and course. Its motion is further complicated by continuous exchange with other water masses at all depths. The volume of transport south ... [13 Related Articles]
- Antarctic Convergence
- (from the article "polar ecosystem") The Antarctic, however, encompasses not only the continent itself but also those islands lying within the Antarctic Convergence, where northward-flowing cold surface waters meet warmer subantarctic waters. Most Antarctic islands, because of their position beyond the seasonal pack ice, are under much stronger maritime influence than comparable Arctic islands. The ...
- Antarctic Geological Drilling
- (from the article "Antarctica") The Antarctic Geological Drilling (ANDRILL) program-a multinational project involving more than 200 scientists, drillers, engineers, technicians, students, and educators from Germany, Italy, New Zealand, the U.K., and the U.S.-surpassed all expectations in its second season by drilling more than 1,100 m into the seafloor of McMurdo Sound. It was the ...
- Antarctic hair grass
- (from the article "Life Sciences") In research to identify commercially useful plant genes, a team of scientists at the Victorian AgriBiosciences Centre in Melbourne discovered a group of frost-resistant genes in the Antarctic hair grass (Deschampsia antarctica). The grass was one of only two flowering plants that grew in Antarctica, and it was able to ...
- Antarctic Ice Sheet
- (from the article "glacier") Antarctic Ice Sheetclimatic changesglacierGlaciers and sea level...glaciers of the world are thought to be contributing 0.2 to 0.4 millimetres (0.01 to 0.02 inch) per year
- Antarctic Intermediate Water
- (from the article "Atlantic Ocean") ...North Atlantic deep water. This water flows as far north as latitude 40° N. Surface water sinks at the Antarctic Convergence around 50° S and spreads to the north as low-salinity water. This Antarctic intermediate water also crosses the Equator and can be traced to about 20° N. Large amounts ...
- Antarctic kingdom
- (from the article "Antarctica") The cold desert climate of Antarctica supports only an impoverished community of cold-tolerant land plants that are capable of surviving lengthy winter periods of total or near-total darkness during which photosynthesis cannot take place. Growth must occur in short summer bursts lasting only a few days, a few weeks, or ...
- Antarctic meteorite
- any of a large group of meteorites that have been collected in Antarctica, first by Japanese expeditions and subsequently by U.S. and European teams since the discovery of meteorite concentrations there in 1969. Although meteorites fall more or less uniformly over Earth's surface, many that fall in Antarctica are frozen ...
- Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array
- (from the article "DESY") Physicists at DESY, in collaboration with American and Swedish research groups, participate in the Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array (AMANDA) research project at the South Pole. AMANDA utilizes thousands of photomultiplier-tube detectors-installed at a depth of 2 km (1.2 miles) beneath the surface of the Antarctic ice-to observe the ...
- Antarctic Peninsula
- peninsula claimed by Britain, Chile, and Argentina. It forms an 800-mile (1,300-kilometre) northward extension of Antarctica toward the southern tip of South America. The peninsula is ice-covered and mountainous, the highest point being Mount Jackson at 13,750 feet (4,190 metres). Marguerite Bay indents the west coast, and Bransfield Strait separates ... [6 Related Articles]
- Antarctic petrel
- (from the article "Antarctica") About 45 species of birds live south of the Antarctic Convergence, but only three-the emperor penguin (see photograph), Antarctic petrel, and South Polar (McCormick's) skua-breed exclusively on the continent or on nearby islands. An absence of mammalian land predators and the rich offshore food supply make Antarctic coasts a haven ...
- Antarctic Plate
- (from the article "Antarctica") Modern theory ties mobile zones to the interaction and jostling of immense crustal plates (see plate tectonics). Modern plate boundaries may be far different from ancient ones presumably marked by old fold belts. Ancient Antarctic mobile belts, such as are followed by today's Transantarctic Mountains, terminate at continental margins abruptly, ...
- Antarctic realm
- (from the article "Antarctica") The term Antarctic regions refers to all areas-oceanic, island, and continental-lying in the cold Antarctic climatic zone south of the Antarctic Convergence, an important boundary with little seasonal variability, where warm subtropical waters meet and mix with cold polar waters. For legal purposes of the Antarctic Treaty, the arbitrary boundary ...
- Antarctic Shield
- (from the article "Antarctica") From results mainly of British expeditions early in the 20th century, the concept arose that Antarctica is made up of two structural provinces-a long, stable Precambrian shield in East Antarctica and a much younger Mesozoic and Cenozoic mobile belt in West Antarctica-separated by the fault-block belt, or horst, of the ...
- Antarctic Surface Water
- (from the article "Antarctica") ...oceans move southward in the western parts of these waters and then turn eastward upon meeting the Circumpolar Current. The warm water meets and partly mixes with cold Antarctic water, called the Antarctic Surface Water, to form a mass with intermediate characteristics called Subantarctic Surface Water. Mixing occurs in a ...
- Antarctic Treaty
- (Dec. 1, 1959), agreement signed by 12 nations, in which the Antarctic continent was made a demilitarized zone to be preserved for scientific research. The treaty resulted from a conference in Washington, D.C., attended by representatives of Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Britain, Chile, France, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, the ... [11 Related Articles]
- Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting
- (from the article "Antarctica") Representatives from some 50 governments and international organizations met for the 30th Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting (ATCM) in New Delhi from April 30 to May 11. The delegates issued a resolution on long-term scientific monitoring and environmental observation. They also made recommendations to discourage Antarctic landings of tourist ships carrying ...
- Antarctic wolf
- (from the article "South American fox") Other foxlike canines of South America are the bush dog, the crab-eating fox, the maned wolf, the small-eared zorro (Atelocynus microtis), and the Falkland Island, or Antarctic, wolf (Dusicyon australis), which was hunted to extinction in the late 1800s.
- Antarctic zone
- (from the article "Indian Ocean") The fourth, or subantarctic and Antarctic, zone occupies the wide belt between 45° S and the continent of Antarctica. Steady westerly winds prevail, reaching gale force at times with their passage through deep Antarctic low-pressure zones. The average winter air temperature varies from 43 to 45 °F (6 to 7 ...
- Antarctica
- fifth in size among the world's continents. Its landmass is almost wholly covered by a vast ice sheet. [58 Related Articles]
- Antares
- red, semiregular variable star, with apparent visual magnitude about 1.1, the brightest star in the zodiacal constellation Scorpius and one of the largest known stars, having several hundred times the diameter of the Sun and 10,000 times the Sun's luminosity. It has a fifth-magnitude blue companion. Antares lies about 600 ... [2 Related Articles]
- antbird
- any of numerous insect-eating birds of the American tropics (order Passeriformes) known for habitually following columns of marching ants. There are 188 species in more than 45 genera. Like their near relatives, the Furnariidae, antbirds are highly diverse; all are of small to medium size (9.5-37 cm [4-14 inches]), with ... [1 Related Articles]
- Ante-Nicene Father
- (from the article "patristic literature") During the first three centuries of its existence the Christian Church had first to emerge from the Jewish environment that had cradled it and then come to terms with the predominantly Hellenistic (Greek) culture surrounding it. Its legal position at best precarious, it was exposed to outbursts of persecution at ...
- anteater
- any of four species of toothless, insect-eating mammals found in tropical savannas and forests from southern Mexico to Paraguay and northern Argentina. They are long-tailed animals with elongated skulls and tubular muzzles. The mouth opening of the muzzle is small, but the salivary glands are large and secrete sticky saliva ... [2 Related Articles]
- antecedence
- (from the article "valley") ...Rather than flowing around domes or plunging folds, the rivers carved canyons into what appears to be paths of greatest resistance. One theory posed by Powell for such relationships is that of antecedence. According to this view, the rivers were already in their present positions when the various anticlinal folds ...
- antecedent
- (from the article "applied logic") A simple conditional, or "if," statement asserts a strictly formal relationship between antecedent ("if" clause) and consequent ("then" clause): "If p, then q," without any reference to the status of the antecedent. The knowledge status of this antecedent, however, may be problematic (unknown), or known-to-be-true, or...
material implication
- antecedent canyon
- (from the article "river") ...rate at which the structures rise, gorges or canyons will be developed transverse to the structural trend. Because the valleys are older than the tectonic displacement, they are called antecedent. Antecedent canyons have been identified in the Alps, the Himalayas, the Andes, the Pacific coastal ranges of the United States, ...
- Anteia
- (from the article "Bellerophon") hero in Greek legend. In the Iliad he was the son of Glaucus, who was the son of Sisyphus of Ephyre (traditionally Corinth). The wife of King Proetus of Argos-named Anteia (in Homer's telling) or Stheneboea (in the works of Hesiod and later writers)-loved Bellerophon; when he rejected her overtures, ...
- Antelami, Benedetto
- Italian sculptor and architect considered to have been one of the greatest of his time.
- Antella, Saint Benedict dell'
- (from the article "Seven Holy Founders") saints Bonfilius, Alexis Falconieri, John Bonagiunta, Benedict dell'Antella, Bartholomew Amidei, Gerard Sostegni, and Ricoverus Uguccione, who founded the Ordo Fratrum Servorum Sanctae Mariae ("Order of Friar Servants of St. Mary"). Popularly called Servites, the order is a Roman Catholic congregation of mendicant friars dedicated to apostolic work.
- Antelope
- (from the article "Great Salt Lake") ...the lake's main tributaries enter from the south, the water level of the southern section is several inches higher than that of the northern part. Eleven small islands, the largest of which are Antelope and Fremont, lie south of the cutoff. The Great Salt Lake's record high levels in the ...
- antelope
- any of numerous Old World grazing or browsing mammals belonging to the family Bovidae (order Artiodactyla), which also includes sheep, goats, and cattle. The pronghorn of North America, though a member of the family Antilocapridae, is also sometimes referred to as an antelope. The term has no precise zoological definition. [3 Related Articles]
- antelope ground squirrel
- (from the article "ground squirrel") ...the single species of long-clawed ground squirrel (genus Spermophilopsis), whereas the deserts of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico are populated by five species of antelope ground squirrel (genus Ammospermophilus). The white-tailed antelope squirrel (A. leucurus) of the southwestern United States is one of the smallest of all...
- Antemoro
- (from the article "Madagascar") ...and 1513. Within one or two generations the descendants of this group had intermarried and merged with the local tompontany to form another group known as the Antemoro. By the 1630s the Antemoro had formed a theocratic state, which was the only state in Madagascar at the ...
- antemortem inspection
- (from the article "meat processing") Antemortem inspection identifies animals not fit for human consumption. Here animals that are down, disabled, diseased, or dead (known as 4D animals) are removed from the food chain and labeled "condemned." Other animals showing signs of being sick are labeled "suspect" and are segregated from healthy animals for more thorough ...
- antenna
- (from the article "crustacean") The appendages change both their form and their function during the life cycles of most crustaceans. In most adults the antennules and antennae are sensory organs, but in the nauplius larva the antennae often are used for both swimming and feeding. Processes at the base of the antennae can help ...
- antenna
- component of radio, television, and radar systems that directs incoming and outgoing radio waves. Antennas are usually metal and have a wide variety of configurations, from the mastlike devices employed for radio and television broadcasting to the large parabolic reflectors used to receive satellite signals and the radio waves generated ... [14 Related Articles]
- antenna array
- (from the article "antenna") More powerful antennas were constructed during the 1920s by combining a number of elements in a systematic array. Metal horn antennas were devised during the subsequent decade following the development of waveguides that could direct the propagation of very high-frequency radio signals. phased array
- antennal gland
- (from the article "coxal gland") ...tubule sections, doubling back of straight tubule sections, and expansion of the terminal end into a bladder. In many higher crustaceans the excretory glands are located in the head. They are called antennal glands or maxillary glands, depending on whether they open at the base of the antennae or at ...
- antennule
- (from the article "malacostracan") ...two branches. The eyes are usually pigmented and borne on movable stalks, but they are sessile on the sides of the head in isopods, amphipods, and members of some smaller groups. The first antennae (antennules) usually have two branches (three in the subclass Hoplocarida). The outer branch of the second ...
- Antenor
- Athenian sculptor of the late Archaic period who carved the first group of statues of the tyrannicides Harmodius and Aristogiton for the Athenian agora and a kore (a freestanding figure of a maiden) for the Acropolis (now in the Acropolis Museum in Athens).
- Antequera
- city, Malaga provincia (province), in the comunidad autonoma (autonomous community) of Andalusia, southern Spain, northwest of Malaga, at the foot of the Sierra del Torcal. Neolithic dolmens (Menga, Viera, and El Romeral) attest to prehistoric occupation of the site. The city, known to the ...
- anterior fontanel
- (from the article "fontanel") ...shaped and located at the unions of the sphenoid and mastoid bones with the parietal bone. The posterior fontanel is triangular and lies at the apex of the occipital bone. The largest fontanel, the anterior, is at the crown between the halves of the frontal and the parietals. It is ...
- anterior interventricular sulcus
- (from the article "human cardiovascular system") ...is along the line where the right atrium and the right ventricle meet; it contains a branch of the right coronary artery (the coronary arteries deliver blood to the heart muscle). The other, the anterior interventricular sulcus, runs along the line between the right and left ventricles and contains a ...
- anterior nasal diphtheria
- (from the article "diphtheria") There are several types of diphtheria, depending in large part on the anatomic location of the primary lesion. The membrane appears inside the nostrils in anterior nasal diphtheria; almost no toxin is absorbed from this site, so there is little danger to life, and complications are rare. In faucial diphtheria, ...
|
|
