A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

0-9

attorney general ... Auer, Leopold

attorney general the chief law officer of a state or nation and the legal adviser to the chief executive. The office is common in almost every country in which the legal system of England has taken root. attorney, power of authorization to act as agent or attorney for another. Common-law and civil-law systems differ considerably with respect to powers of attorney, and there is also considerable diversity among the civil-law systems themselves. Many of the general powers of attorney that are important in civil-law countries come under the powers of ... Attucks, Crispus American hero, martyr of the Boston Massacre. Attwood, Thomas English economist and leader in the electoral reform movement. Atucha town in Buenos Aires provincia (province), eastern Argentina, northwest of Buenos Aires city, on a main railway line. It is the site of a nuclear power plant, Atucha I, a pressurized reactor that has supplied power to the national grid, Argentine Interconnection System (Sistema Argentino de Interconexion; SADI), since ... Atum in ancient Egyptian religion, one of the manifestations of the sun and creator god, perhaps originally a local deity of Heliopolis. Atwater, Wilbur Olin American scientist who developed agricultural chemistry. Atwood, Margaret Canadian writer who is perhaps best known for her prose fiction and for her feminist perspective. Atyrau city, western Kazakhstan. It is a port on the Ural (Zhayyq) River near its mouth on the Caspian Sea. Founded as a fishing settlement in the mid-17th century by the fishing entrepreneur Mikhail Guryev, it soon became a fort on the Ural fortified line manned by the Ural Cossacks. Fishing ... Atzcapotzalco delegacion (administrative subdivision), northwestern Federal District, central Mexico. Situated approximately 7,350 feet (2,240 metres) above sea level in the Valley of Mexico, it was founded in the 12th century and given the Aztec name meaning "anthill" because of its large population. It became famous for its slave market and the ... Aubagne town, Bouches-du-Rhone departement, Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur region, southeastern France. Aubagne lies about 10 miles (16 km) east of Marseille. It was the site of the Gallo-Roman Pagus Lucreti and derived its name from its health springs (Ad Bainea). Aubagne sits amidst an agricultural region that is centred around market gardening and ... Aube River river, north central France, navigable tributary of the Seine, which it joins above Romilly. The Aube and its tributary, the Aujon, rise on the Langres Plateau, flowing northwest for 154 mi (248 km) in trenchlike valleys across the dry oolitic limestone country. In front of the Cote des Bars escarpment, ... Auber, Daniel-Francois-Esprit composer who was prominent in the 19th-century cultivation of opera containing spoken as well as sung passages (comic opera). The great contemporary success of his works was due in part to the expertly tailored librettos of Eugene Scribe and in part to Auber's spirited musical settings, which were influenced by ... Aubignac, Francois Hedelin, abbe d' associate of the statesman Cardinal de Richelieu, playwright, and critic who influenced French 17th-century writing and encouraged dramatic standards based on the classics. He wrote plays, fiction, translations of Homer and Ovid, and, most important, studies of dramatic technique and presentation. Aubigne, Theodore-Agrippa d' major late 16th-century poet, renowned Huguenot captain, polemicist, and historian of his own times. After studies in Paris, Orleans, Geneva, and Lyon, he joined the Huguenot forces and served throughout the Wars of Religion on the battlefield and in the council chamber. He was ecuyer ("master of horse") to Henry ... Aubrey, John antiquarian and biographer, best known for his vivid, intimate, and sometimes acid sketches of his contemporaries. Educated at Oxford at Trinity College, he studied law in London at the Middle Temple. He early displayed his interest in antiquities by calling attention to the prehistoric stones at Avebury, Wiltshire. His literary ... Auburn city, Lee county, eastern Alabama, U.S., adjacent to Opelika, about 60 miles (100 km) northeast of Montgomery. Founded in 1836 by John Harper and settlers from Georgia, its name was inspired by the "sweet Auburn" of Oliver Goldsmith's poem The Deserted Village. Auburn University, opened as East Alabama Male College ... Auburn city, seat (1854) of Androscoggin county, southwestern Maine, U.S., on the Androscoggin River opposite Lewiston and part of the Lewiston-Auburn metropolitan area. Settled in 1786, Auburn was separated from Minot in 1842 and is supposed to have been named for the Auburn of Oliver Goldsmith's poem The Deserted Village. The ... Auburn city, King county, western Washington, U.S., in the White River valley, 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Tacoma. It was laid out in 1887 by Levi W. Ballard, an early local settler, and named for W.A. Slaughter, an army officer killed in a conflict with area Indians 30 years earlier. ... Auburn city, seat (1805) of Cayuga county, west-central New York, U.S. It lies at the north end of Owasco Lake, in the Finger Lakes region, 22 miles (35 km) southwest of Syracuse. Founded in 1793 by John Hardenbergh, an officer in the American Revolution, on the site of a Cayuga Indian ... Auburn system penal method of the 19th century in which persons worked during the day and were kept in solitary confinement at night, with enforced silence at all times. The silent system evolved during the 1820s at Auburn Prison in Auburn, N.Y., as an alternative to and modification of the Pennsylvania system ... Auburn University public, coeducational institution of higher education located in Auburn, Alabama, U.S. The university offers a broad range of undergraduate and graduate degree programs and is noted for its colleges of engineering and business. Degrees in nursing, pharmacy, and veterinary medicine are also available. A branch campus in Montgomery offers undergraduate ... Aubusson town, Creuse departement, Limousin region, central France, on the Creuse River near the northern edge of the Plateau de Millevaches (highest part of the Monts du Limousin), northeast of Limoges. In the Middle Ages it was the seat of a viscounty from whose rulers descended Pierre d'Aubusson, grand master of ... Aubusson carpet floor covering, usually of considerable size, handwoven at the villages of Aubusson and Felletin, in the departement of Creuse in central France. Workshops were established in 1743 to manufacture pile carpets primarily for the nobility, to whom the Savonnerie court production was not available. Aubusson carpets were, however, also made ... Aubusson, Pierre d' grand master of the military-religious Order of St. John of Jerusalem, known for his defense of Rhodes against the Turks. Aucassin et Nicolette early 13th-century French chantefable (a story told in alternating sections of verse and prose, the former sung, the latter recited). Aucassin, "endowed with all good qualities," is the son of the Count of Beaucaire and falls in love with Nicolette, a captive Saracen turned Christian. The lovers are imprisoned but ... Aucella genus of clams characteristically found as fossils in marine rocks of the Jurassic Period (between about 176 million and 146 million years old). The shell has a distinctive teardrop shape and is ornamented with a concentric pattern of ribs; the apex of one valve (shell half) is often curved over ... Auch town, capital of Gers departement, Midi-Pyrenees region, southwestern France. Auch is built on and around a hill on the west bank of the Gers River, west of Toulouse. The capital of the Celtiberian tribe of Ausci, it became important in Roman Gaul as Elimberris and, after Christianity was established, became ... Auchincloss, Louis American novelist, short-story writer, and critic, best known for his novels of manners set in the world of contemporary upper-class New York City. Auckland former region, northwestern North Island, New Zealand. It included the city of Auckland, its metropolitan area, and several outlying cities and towns. In November 2010 the greater Auckland region became a unitary authority that combined the governments of its constituent parts into one entity, the Auckland Council; these included the ... Auckland city, north-central North Island, New Zealand. The country's most populous city and its largest port, it occupies a narrow isthmus between Waitemata Harbour of Hauraki Gulf (east) and Manukau Harbour (southwest). It was established in 1840 by Gov. William Hobson as the capital of the colonial government and was named ... Auckland Islands outlying island group of New Zealand, in the South Pacific Ocean, 290 miles (467 km) south of South Island. Volcanic in origin, they comprise six islands and several islets, with a total land area of 234 square miles (606 square km), and have a cool, humid, and windy climate. The ... Auckland, George Eden, earl of, 2nd Baron Auckland, 2nd Baron Auckland of Auckland, Baron Eden of Norwood governor-general of India from 1836 to 1842, when he was recalled after his participation in British setbacks in Afghanistan. auction the buying and selling of real and personal property through open public bidding. The traditional auction process involves a succession of increasing bids or offers by potential purchasers until the highest (and final) bid is accepted by the auctioneer (who is usually an agent of the seller). By contrast, in ... auction bridge card game that was the third step in the historical progression from whist to bridge whist to auction bridge to contract bridge. See bridge. Auctions and Collections: Year in Review 1995 Audaghost (fl. 9th-11th century), former Berber town in the southwest Sahara, northwest of Timbuktu. Audaghost was an important terminus of the medieval trans-Saharan trade route. The town was primarily a centre where North African traders could buy gold from the kings of ancient Ghana. Audaghost was first an independent market town ... Auden, W.H. English-born poet and man of letters who achieved early fame in the 1930s as a hero of the left during the Great Depression. Most of his verse dramas of this period were written in collaboration with Christopher Isherwood. In 1939 Auden settled in the United States, becoming a U.S. citizen. Audiard, Jacques French film director and screenwriter whose crime films have been acclaimed for their scripts and strong lead performances. Audiberti, Jacques poet, novelist, and, most importantly, playwright whose extravagance of language and rhythm shows the influence of Symbolism and Surrealism. audiencia in the kingdoms of late medieval Spain, a court established to administer royal justice; also, one of the most important governmental institutions of Spanish colonial America. In Spain the ordinary judges of audiencias in civil cases were called oidores and, for criminal cases, alcaldes de crimen. The presiding officer of ... Audion elementary form of radio tube developed in 1906 (patented 1907) by Lee De Forest of the United States. It was the first vacuum tube in which a control grid (in the form of a bent wire) was added between the anode plate and the cathode filament. The control grid enabled ... audiovisual education use of supplementary teaching aids, such as recordings, transcripts, and tapes; motion pictures and videotapes; radio and television; and computers, to improve learning. auditing examination of the records and reports of an enterprise by specialists other than those responsible for their preparation. Public auditing by independent, impartial accountants has acquired professional status and become increasingly common with the rise of large business units and the separation of ownership from managerial control. The public accountant ... auditorium the part of a public building where an audience sits, as distinct from the stage, the area on which the performance or other object of the audience's attention is presented. In a large theatre an auditorium includes a number of floor levels frequently designed as stalls, private boxes, dress circle, ... Audley, Thomas Audley, Baron lord chancellor of England from 1533 to 1544, who helped King Henry VIII break with the papacy and establish himself as head of the English church. Historians have viewed him as an unprincipled politician completely subservient to Henry's will. Audubon Society, National U.S. organization dedicated to conserving and restoring natural ecosystems. Founded in 1905 and named for John James Audubon, the society has 600,000 members and maintains more than 100 wildlife sanctuaries and nature centres throughout the U.S. Its high-priority campaigns include preserving wetlands and endangered forests, protecting corridors for migratory birds, ... Audubon, John James ornithologist, artist, and naturalist who became particularly well known for his drawings and paintings of North American birds. Auel, Jean American novelist who was best known for her Earth's Children series, which centres on Neanderthals and Cro-Magnons in prehistoric Europe. Auenbrugger von Auenbrugg, Leopold physician who devised the diagnostic technique of percussion (the art of striking a surface part of the body with short, sharp taps to diagnose the condition of the parts beneath the sound). In 1761, after seven years of investigation, he published a description of the method in his book Inventum ... Auer, Leopold Hungarian-American violinist especially renowned as a teacher, who numbered among his pupils such famous performers as Mischa Elman, Jascha Heifetz, Efrem Zimbalist, and Nathan Milstein.