A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

0-9

Atoni ... Atto Adalbert

Atoni predominant people of Timor, easternmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia. They inhabit the central and western plains and mountains of the island and number about 530,000. Of Proto-Malay and Melanoid stock, they speak a Malayo-Polynesian dialect called Timorese. Atoni legend claims they fled to their present location when Tetum ... atopic dermatitis a type of dermatitis (q.v.). atopy type of hypersensitivity characterized by an immediate physiological reaction, with movement of fluid from the blood vessels into the tissues, upon exposure to an allergen. Atopy occurs mainly in persons with a familial tendency to allergic diseases; reaginic antibodies are found in the skin and serum of atopic persons. Atopy ... Atrato River river in northwestern Colombia. It rises in the western slopes of the Cordillera Occidental of the Andes and flows generally northward to empty into the Gulf of Uraba of the Caribbean Sea. The river is only 416 miles (670 km) long, but its large discharge of no less than 175,000 ... atresia and stenosis absence, usually congenital, of a normal bodily passage or cavity (atresia) or narrowing of a normal passage (stenosis). Most such malformations must be surgically corrected soon after birth. Almost any cavity or passage may be affected; some of the more important of these disorders are as follows. Atreus in Greek legend, the son of Pelops of Mycenae and his wife, Hippodamia. Atreus was the elder brother of Thyestes and was the king of Mycenae. The story of his family-the House of Atreus-is virtually unrivaled in antiquity for complexity and corruption. There are several different accounts of Atreus's feud ... Atreus, Treasury of a beehive, or tholos, tomb built about 1350 to 1250 BC at Mycenae, Greece. This surviving architectural structure of the Mycenaean civilization is a pointed dome built up of overhanging (i.e., corbeled) blocks of conglomerate masonry cut and polished to give the impression of a true vault. The diameter of ... Atri town, Abruzzi region, central Italy, northwest of Pescara, on a hill overlooking the Adriatic Sea 7.5 mi (12 km) to the east and the Gran Sasso d'Italia mountain group to the west. Atri originated as Hatria, a town of the Picenes, an ancient Italic people. In 282 BC it became ... atrial fibrillation irregular rhythm of contraction of the muscles of the atrium, the upper chamber of the heart. In some cases the fibrillations are not noticed by the patient, but frequently the chaotic, rapid, and shallow beats are felt as significant palpitations of the heart, often accompanied by shortness of breath, dizziness, ... atrial septal defect congenital opening in the partition between the two upper chambers (atria) of the heart. The most common atrial septal defect is persistence of the foramen ovale, an opening in this partition that is normal before birth and that normally closes at birth or shortly thereafter. The opening in the atrial ... Atriplex genus of herbs and shrubs in the amaranth family (Amaranthaceae), containing about 300 species, often found on saline soils throughout temperate and subtropical areas of the world. Saltbush and orach are common names for the group. The leaves of many species often are white and look scurfy or mealy. Several ... atrium in architecture, originally an open central court of a Roman house and later of a Christian basilica. In domestic and commercial architecture the concept of the atrium experienced a revival in the 20th century. atrium in vertebrates and the higher invertebrates, heart chamber that receives blood into the heart and drives it into a ventricle, or chamber, for pumping blood away from the heart. Fishes have one atrium; amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, two. atrophy decrease in size of a body part, cell, organ, or tissue. The term implies that the atrophied part was of a size normal for the individual, considering age and circumstance, prior to the diminution. In atrophy of an organ or body part, there may be a reduction in the number ... atropine poisonous, crystalline substance belonging to a class of compounds known as alkaloids and used in medicine. Its chief use is in ophthalmology, in which it is applied locally to the eye to dilate the pupil in the examination of the retina or to break up or prevent adhesions between the ... Atryn trade name of recombinant human antithrombin, an anticoagulant agent used to prevent thrombosis-the formation of a clot in a blood vessel that may block or impede the flow of blood, causing a potentially life-threatening condition. Atryn was developed by U.S.-based GTC Biotherapeutics and was the first therapeutic agent produced by ... Atrypa genus of extinct brachiopods, or lamp shells, that has a broad time range and occurs abundantly as fossils in marine rocks from the Silurian through the Early Carboniferous (444 million to 318 million years ago). Many species of Atrypa have been described. The genus is easily recognized by its distinctive ... Atsina North American Indian tribe related to the Algonquian-speaking Arapaho, from which they may have separated as early as 1700. The variant name Gros Ventres (French: "Big Bellies") was a misinterpretation by French trappers of Plains Indian sign language. The Blackfoot called the Atsina the "Belly People," and the sign for ... Atsugi city, Kanagawa ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, in the Sagami Valley, at the confluence of the Sagami-gawa (Sagami River) and the Nakatsu-gawa. Until the late 19th century, it flourished as a river port, post town, and centre for sericulture. Now an important commercial centre for the surrounding agricultural region, the city ... Atsumi Kiyoshi Japanese comic actor who portrayed the bumbling hero Tora-jiro Kuruma (widely known as Tora-san) in the 48-film series Otoko wa tsurai yo ("It's Tough Being a Man"). The series ran from 1968 to 1996 and was the longest-running film series in which the same actor portrayed the central character. Atsuta ku (ward), Nagoya city, Aichi ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan. A port town and early religious centre, Atsuta in the Tokugawa period (1603-1867) was one of the most prosperous post towns on the Tokaido highway. It was incorporated into Nagoya in 1907 and became a ward in 1937. Based on a ... attachment in U.S. law, a writ issuing from a court of law to seize the person or property of a defendant. In several of the older states in the United States, attachments against property are issued at the commencement of suits in order to secure any judgment that may be entered ... attack aircraft type of military aircraft that supports ground troops by making strafing and low-level bombing attacks on enemy ground forces, tanks and other armoured vehicles, and installations. Attack aircraft are typically slower and less maneuverable than air-combat fighters but carry a large and varied load of weapons (automatic cannons, machine guns, ... Attack! American war film, released in 1956, that was considered groundbreaking for its exploration of cowardice and nepotism in the U.S. military. attainder in English law, the extinction of civil and political rights resulting from a sentence of death or outlawry after a conviction of treason or a felony. Attaingnant, Pierre prominent French music printer and publisher in the Renaissance who was one of the earliest to use single-impression printing. (Earlier printers printed the staff and the notes in separate impressions.) Attalus I Soter (Preserver) ruler of Pergamum from 241 to 197 BC, with the title of king after about 230. He succeeded his uncle, Eumenes I (reigned 263-241), and by military and diplomatic skill created a powerful Pergamene kingdom. Attalus II Philadelphus king of Pergamum, in northwest Anatolia, from 159 BC until his death. Attalus III Philometor Euergetes king of Pergamum from 138 to 133 BC who, by bequeathing his domains to Rome, ended the history of Pergamum as an independent political entity. He was the son of Eumenes II (reigned 197-159) and nephew of Attalus II Philadelphus (reigned 159-138). Little is known of his reign. Attalus is ... Attalus, Priscus usurping Roman emperor of the West in AD 409-410, the first to be raised to that office by barbarians. attar of roses fragrant, colourless or pale-yellow liquid essential oil distilled from fresh petals of Rosa damascena and R. gallica and other species of the rose family Rosaceae. Rose oils are a valuable ingredient of fine perfumes and liqueurs. They are also used for flavouring lozenges and scenting ointments and toilet preparations. Attar, Farid al-Din Persian Muslim poet who was one of the greatest Sufi (mystical) writers and thinkers, composing at least 45,000 distichs (couplets) and many brilliant prose works. Attawapiskat River river in northern Ontario, Canada, that issues from Attawapiskat Lake (elevation 815 feet [248 metres]) and flows eastward into James Bay, opposite Akimiski Island. For most of its 465-miles (748-km) course, the river is sluggish and navigable only for canoes. Its lower reaches are dotted with islands and lead through ... Attell, Abe American professional boxer, undisputed world featherweight champion from 1906 through 1912. Attell was from a poor Jewish family and began his boxing career at 15 as a means of supplementing the family's income. Attenborough, Richard English actor, director, and producer known for his dynamic on-screen presence, nuanced work behind the camera, and charity efforts. Attenborough, Sir David English broadcaster and writer noted for his innovative educational programs on television. attention in psychology, the concentration of awareness on some phenomenon to the exclusion of other stimuli. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder a behavioral syndrome characterized by inattention and distractibility, restlessness, inability to sit still, and difficulty concentrating on one thing for any period of time. ADHD most commonly occurs in children, though an increasing number of adults are being diagnosed with the disorder. ADHD is three times more common in males ... Atterbom, Per Daniel Amadeus leader in the Swedish Romantic movement; a poet, literary historian, and professor of philosophy, aesthetics, and modern literature. While a student at Uppsala he founded, with some friends, the society Musis Amici (1807; renamed Auroraforbundet, 1808). Publishing in the group's periodical, Phosphorus, and in Svensk Literatur Tidning ("Swedish Literary News"), ... Atterbury, Francis Anglican bishop, a brilliant polemical writer and orator who was a leader of the Tory High Church Party during the reign of Queen Anne (1702-14); later, he was a prominent Jacobite supporting Stuart claims to the English throne. atthakatha (Pali: "explanation"), commentaries on the Pali Buddhist canon that provide much information on the society, culture, and religious history of ancient India and Ceylon (Sri Lanka). The earliest commentaries, written in Pali, may have reached Ceylon along with the canon itself by the 3rd century BC. Between then and the ... attic in architecture, story immediately under the roof of a structure and wholly or partly within the roof framing. Originally, the word denoted any portion of a wall above the main cornice. Utilized by the ancient Romans principally for decorative purposes and inscriptions, as in triumphal arches, it became an important ... Attic dialect Ancient Greek dialect that was the language of ancient Athens. Its closest relative was the Ionic dialect of Euboea. With the ascendance of the Athenian empire in the course of the 5th century BC, Attic became the most prestigious of the Greek dialects and as a result was adopted later ... Attica ancient district of east-central Greece; Athens was its chief city. Bordering the sea on the south and east, Attica attracted maritime trade. In early times there were several independent settlements there, centring on Eleusis, Athens, and Marathon. Athens may have been paramount in the Mycenaean age, but in the historical ... Atticus, Titus Pomponius wealthy but nonpolitical Roman, famous for his correspondence with the important Roman statesman and writer Cicero. Attila king of the Huns from 434 to 453 (ruling jointly with his elder brother Bleda until 445). He was one of the greatest of the barbarian rulers who assailed the Roman Empire, invading the southern Balkan provinces and Greece and then Gaul and Italy. In legend he appears under the ... Attis mythical consort of the Great Mother of the Gods (q.v.; classical Cybele, or Agdistis); he was worshipped in Phrygia, Asia Minor, and later throughout the Roman Empire, where he was made a solar deity in the 2nd century AD. The worship of Attis and the Great Mother included the annual ... attitude in social psychology, a cognition, often with some degree of aversion or attraction (emotional valence), that reflects the classification and evaluation of objects and events. While attitudes logically are hypothetical constructs (i.e., they are inferred but not objectively observable), they are manifested in conscious experience, verbal reports, overt behaviour, and ... Attleboro city, Bristol county, southeastern Massachusetts, U.S. It lies just northeast of Pawtucket and Providence, Rhode Island. Settled in 1643, it was part of the adjacent town of Rehoboth until separately incorporated as a town (township) in 1694 and named for Attleborough, England. In 1887 it was divided by the creation ... Attlee, Clement, 1st Earl Attlee of Walthamstow, Viscount Prestwood British Labour Party leader (1935-55) and prime minister (1945-51). He presided over the establishment of the welfare state in Great Britain and the granting of independence to India, the most important step in the conversion of the British Empire into the Commonwealth of Nations. He was perhaps the leading Labour ... Atto Adalbert count of Canossa (located near Reggio nell'Emilia, Italy) and founder of the house of Attoni.